{"title":"Anodes \u0026 Cathodes for Col SOEC \u0026 SOFC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe fuel and air electrodes set the temperature window, area-specific resistance, and degradation rate of every solid-oxide stack — pick them around your electrolyte, operating temperature, and whether the cell will run as SOFC, SOEC, or reversibly.\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection covers the catalysts and ceramic electrode materials used on both sides of the membrane in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC), plus the noble-metal and earth-abundant catalysts used on the related PEM, AEM, and alkaline platforms found in adjacent electrolyzer and fuel cell work.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eMaterials are grouped by where they sit in the cell and which chemistry the cell uses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eSOEC and SOFC fuel-side (Ni-cermet anode for SOFC \/ cathode for SOEC)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiO\/8YSZ electrode-support pellets — porous, thick disks that provide mechanical support for anode-supported cells; reduce in situ to Ni\/YSZ during the first H2 exposure.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNiO electrode slurries — for screen-printing or infiltrating the hydrogen-side functional layer or contact layer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eYSZ powder — yttria-stabilized zirconia, the workhorse oxide-ion electrolyte; also used as the ceramic phase in NiO\/YSZ composite fuel electrodes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eSOEC and SOFC air-side (perovskite oxygen electrodes)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLSC powder — La1-xSrxCoO3-delta, a strontium-doped cobaltite perovskite used as a high-conductivity contact \/ current-collection layer over an LSCF or LSC-GDC functional layer.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor the matching electrolyte ceramics (8YSZ, GDC, ScSZ, LSGM) and the LSCF \/ LSM \/ BSCF functional powders, see \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrolytes\"\u003eelectrolytes\u003c\/a\u003e and the broader \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/soec-and-sofc\"\u003eSOEC and SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e section.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003ePEM electrolyzer and PEMFC catalysts (acidic)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIridium black and IrOx-coated titanium felts — OER anodes that survive low pH and high anodic potential; the standard PEM-electrolyzer anode.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAmorphous RuOx-coated electrodes — lowest acidic OER overpotential, used where activity is prioritized over long-term stability.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePt\/C and Pt-Pd\/C — HER and ORR catalysts for PEM fuel cells; the Pt-Pd alloy is favored where CO tolerance and durability matter.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAlkaline and AEM catalysts (non-precious and Ru-based)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNi\/C and CoFeOx — earth-abundant catalysts for alkaline HER and OER; CoFeOx is a typical AEM-electrolyzer anode candidate.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRu\/C — alkaline HOR \/ HER catalyst, often paired with Pt for methanol-tolerant anodes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are building anode-supported SOFC or SOEC cells, start with the NiO\/8YSZ supports and NiO slurries, then add an LSCF or LSC air-side layer. If you are working on PEM water electrolysis, begin with the IrOx or RuOx anodes and a Pt\/C cathode; for alkaline and AEM systems, start with Ni\/C, Ru\/C, and CoFeOx.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"csofecepnio","title":"Nickel Oxide (NiO, \u003e99.9%) Powder as Electrode Precursor for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPNiO","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), Nickel Oxide (NiO) powder is the fundamental precursor for the \"hydrogen electrode.\" While NiO is a ceramic insulator, it is reduced in situ to metallic Nickel (Ni) during the first heating cycle, transforming into the primary catalyst for either splitting water (SOEC) or oxidizing hydrogen (SOFC).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe behavior of the Ni phase derived from NiO changes depending on the mode of operation: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC Mode (Fuel Cell)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Catalysis: Acts as a catalyst for H2 oxidation and internal reforming of hydrocarbons (like CH4). Conductivity: Provides a continuous metallic path for electron transport to the current collector. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSOEC Mode (Electrolysis)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Water Splitting: Catalyzes the reduction of steam or CO2. Coking Resistance: In CO-electrolysis, the morphology of the Ni (determined by the original NiO particle size) is critical to prevent carbon fibers from \"lifting\" the Ni particles and destroying the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPNiO (C-SOEFC-EP-NiO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1313-99-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e74.71 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreen or dark green color powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNiO Powder Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Average micro-size: ~10 um. BET: ~1 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) Average nano-size: ~30 nm. BET: ~5 m2\/g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (kilogram grade can also be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.202100072\"\u003eM. B. Mogensen, et al., Ni migration in solid oxide cell electrodes: Review and revised hypothesis, Fuel Cells, 2021, 21, 415-429\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HZJS","offers":[{"title":"Micro-Size (1 um) 100 g","offer_id":47454760599782,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiOM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size (1 um) 500 g","offer_id":47454892425446,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiOM500","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size (20 nm) 100 g","offer_id":47454760632550,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiON100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size (20 nm) 500 g","offer_id":47454892458214,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiON500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPNiO_02.png?v=1773600797"},{"product_id":"csofecepeysz","title":"YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) Powder as Electrode Precursor and Electrolyte for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500\/bottle, CSOFECEPEYSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) is the fundamental electrolyte material. It serves as the \"oxygen ion highway,\" allowing O^{2-} ions to pass between electrodes while acting as a total insulator for electrons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dual roles of YSZ in SOFC\/SOEC applications. (1) As an electrolyte, the powder must be processed into a gas-tight membrane. YSZ works via \"vacancy hopping.\" Y^{3+} ions create empty spaces in the crystal lattice that O^{2-} ions \"jump\" into. Moreover, high-purity YSZ prevents internal short-circuits. (2) YSZ powder is mixed with NiO (for the anode) or LSM\/LSCF (for the cathode) to create a composite.By mixing YSZ into the electrode, the reaction zone (Triple Phase Boundary) is pushed deeper into the electrode volume rather than being stuck at the electrolyte interface. Moreover, YSZ keeps the electrodes from peeling off (delaminating) because it matches the expansion of the electrolyte layer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPEYSZ (C-SOEFC-EPE-YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e114168-16-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Y2O3)x(ZrO2)1-x (x= 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08)\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_04_240x240.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~349.03 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro-Size: 2-4 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNano-Size: 10-15 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eeg: 8YSZ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_03_160x160.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eYSZ Powder Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2 um)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(4) Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(5) Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(6) Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZKTPXC","offers":[{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840127718,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974312678,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840160486,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974345446,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454974378214,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974410982,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974902502,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454974935270,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974968038,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975000806,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454975033574,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975066342,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_main.png?v=1773606539"},{"product_id":"csofeccenio8ysz","title":"NiO\/8YSZ Composite Powder as Cermet Electrode for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCENiO8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the architecture of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), NiO\/8YSZ composite powder is the industry-standard material for the hydrogen electrode. By pre-mixing Nickel Oxide (NiO) with 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ), manufacturers create a cermet (ceramic-metal composite) that balances catalytic activity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the initial heating of the cell, a reduction step converts the NiO into metallic Nickel (Ni). The resulting composite serves three critical functions: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eNickel (Ni) Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides electronic conductivity and acts as the catalyst for hydrogen oxidation (H2 → 2H+ + 2e- in SOFC mode) or steam reduction (H2O + 2e- → H2 + O^(2-) in SOEC mode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003e8YSZ Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides a path for oxygen ions (O^{2-}) and creates a rigid ceramic backbone. This \"skeleton\" prevents the nickel particles from sintering (clumping) at high operating temperatures (700-900 °C). (3) \u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reduction of NiO to Ni involves a volume shrinkage of ~40%, which naturally generates the interconnected pores necessary for gas transport.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECCENiO8YSZ (C-SOEFC-CE-NiO8YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Formula 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 44.3 vol% NiO + 55.7 vol% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Formula 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 66 wt% NiO +34 wt% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 50.7 vol% NiO + 49.3 vol% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-4 m2\/g for formula 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g for formula 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eHari Prasad Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-72\u003c\/a\u003e8.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"NiO:8YSZ = 60 wt% : 40 wt%","offer_id":47455058559206,"sku":"CSOFECCENiO8YSZ6040","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"NiO:8YSZ = 66 wt% : 34 wt%","offer_id":47455058591974,"sku":"CSOFECCENiO8YSZ6634","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCENiO8YSZ_02.png?v=1773618019"},{"product_id":"citsofecceniogdc","title":"NiO\/GDC (Gadolinia-Doped Ceria) Composite Powder as Cermet Electrode for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECCENiOGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) applications, NiO\/GDC (Gadolinia-Doped Ceria) composite powder is the primary choice for Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation, typically between 500°C and 700°C.While NiO\/YSZ is the \"gold standard\" for high-temperature cells (\u0026gt;800°C$), GDC is preferred for lower temperatures because its ionic conductivity at 600°C is comparable to that of YSZ at 800°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch from YSZ to GDC in the nickel cermet provides several electrochemical and chemical benefits: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMixed Ionic-Electronic Conductivity (MIEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike YSZ, which is a pure ionic conductor, GDC becomes a mixed conductor in the reducing environment of the anode. This allows the electrochemical reaction to occur on the entire surface of the GDC grains, rather than being restricted to the narrow Triple Phase Boundary (TPB) where Ni, YSZ, and gas meet. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCoking \u0026amp; Sulfur Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC has a higher \"oxygen storage capacity.\" This allows it to chemically \"burn off\" carbon deposits (coke) and resist sulfur poisoning much more effectively than YSZ, making it ideal for running on hydrocarbons (methane, ethanol) or biogas. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHigher Catalytic Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ni-GDC exhibits faster charge-transfer kinetics, which significantly reduces the activation polarization (voltage loss) at lower temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECCENiOGDC (C-ITSOEFC-CE-NiOGDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003cspan\u003eGd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2-x\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 48.9 vol% NiO + 51.1 vol% \u003cspan\u003eGd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2-x\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47455110627558,"sku":"CITSOFECCENiOGDC","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECCENiOGDC_main.png?v=1773619407"},{"product_id":"csofeceplsm","title":"LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) is the most well-characterized and established cathode (or oxygen electrode) material. While newer \"MIEC\" materials like LSCF are favored for lower temperatures, LSM remains the industry benchmark for high-temperature operations (\u0026gt;750 °C) due to its exceptional chemical compatibility with Zirconia-based electrolytes and its proven long-term structural stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSM is a perovskite oxide with the general formula La{1-x}SrxMnO3. Its performance is defined by its high electronic conductivity but relatively low ionic conductivity. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eOperating Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: Best suited for 750 °C to 1000 °C. At temperatures below 700 °C, the kinetics of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) become too sluggish for pure LSM. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCompatibility\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSM has a Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) that matches YSZ (~10-11 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}) almost perfectly, preventing delamination during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eA-Site Deficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: Professional grade LSM powder is often prepared with a \"slight A-site deficiency\" (e.g., (La,Sr){0.95}MnO3). This prevents the formation of insulating secondary phases like La2Zr2O7 at the electrolyte interface during high-temperature sintering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSM (C-SOFEC-EP-LSM)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e66402-68-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.75\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.25\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003eOther chemical formulas with customized ratios, such as \u003cspan\u003e(La\u003c\/span\u003e0.80\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e0.20\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e0.95\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e3-δ, can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-2.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_02_160x160.png?v=1773628361\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥150S\/m@600℃～800℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_04_160x160.png?v=1773628361\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775309000172\"\u003eM. Liang, et al., Preparation of LSM–YSZ composite powder for anode of solid oxide electrolysis cell and its activation mechanism, J. Power Sources, 2009, 190, 341-345\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.2345583\/meta\"\u003eW. Wang, et al., A Comparison of LSM, LSF, and LSCo for Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Anodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, 153, A2066\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eH\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aenm.202405599\"\u003e. Turk, et al., Boon and Bane of Local Solid State Chemistry on the Performance of LSM-Based Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells, Adv. Energy Mater., 2025, 15, 2405599\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47455465013478,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSM100","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":47455465046246,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSM500","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_main.png?v=1773628209"},{"product_id":"csofeceplscf","title":"LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSCF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) is the primary material for the \"Intermediate Temperature\" oxygen electrode. Typically formulated as La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-\u003cspan\u003eδ\u003c\/span\u003e, it is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe behavior of LSCF varies based on the current direction, making it a \"reversible\" electrode material: (1)\u003cstrong\u003e SOFC Mode (Fuel Cell)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as the cathode, facilitating the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Because LSCF is an MIEC, the reaction area extends across the entire surface of the electrode grains, allowing for much higher power densities at lower temperatures compared to LSM. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSOEC Mode (Electrolysis)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as the anode, facilitating the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). LSCF is highly efficient for electrolysis but faces greater mechanical stress in this mode due to high local oxygen partial pressures (pO2) at the electrode\/electrolyte interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSCF (C-SOFEC-EP-LSCF)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Stoichiometric LSCF: La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003eOther chemical formulas with customized ratios can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Defective LSCF: (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003csub\u003eA Site with defects or vacancies are good for cell performance and stability.\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773630433\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u0026gt;200S\/cm@600℃～800℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_04_Conductivity_160x160.png?v=1773630433\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273814000046\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al., Stability of LSCF electrode with GDC interlayer in YSZ-based solid oxide electrolysis cell, Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262, 303-306\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3555122\/meta\"\u003eE. N. Armstrong, et al., Determination of Surface Exchange Coefficients of LSM, LSCF, YSZ, GDC Constituent Materials in Composite SOFC Cathodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, B492\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0741902jes\/meta\"\u003eV. Vibhu, et al., High Performance LSC Infiltrated LSCF Oxygen Electrode for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Application, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, F102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Stoichiometric LSCF 100 g","offer_id":47455469666534,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFS100","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Stoichiometric LSCF 500 g","offer_id":47455469699302,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFS500","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Defective LSCF 100 g","offer_id":47455612764390,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFD100","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_main.png?v=1773630433"},{"product_id":"csofeceplsc","title":"LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) is a high-performance perovskite material—typically La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ or La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ. While LSCF (the Iron-doped version) is the standard for intermediate-temperature cathodes, LSC is used when maximum electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity are required, often as a contact layer or in high-performance \"thin-film\" cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn SOFC\/SOEC stacks, the most common use for LSC powder is as a \"Contact Paste\" or \"Current Collection Layer.\" (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBond\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSC is applied between the main cathode (like LSCF or LSM) and the metallic interconnect (stainless steel plate). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because LSC is nearly 5\\times more conductive than LSCF, it minimizes the ohmic losses at the interface where current must travel from the cell into the stack manifold. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLow-Temp Sintering\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSC can be sintered as low as 800 °C, which allows it to form a strong electrical bond without damaging the pre-sintered cell or causing excessive chromium evaporation from the interconnects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSC (C-SOFEC-EP-LSC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Stoichiometric LSC: La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Defective LSC: (La\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCoO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003csub\u003eA Site with defects or vacancies are good for cell performance and stability.\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.4-0.8 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-10 m2\/g for stoichiometric LSC \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13-16 m2\/g for defective LSC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3288835\/meta\"\u003eV.Inder, et al., Degradation Mechanism in La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 as Contact Layer on the Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Anode, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2010, 157, B441\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2211285518305767\"\u003eK. Develos-Bagarinao, et al., Multilayered LSC and GDC: An approach for designing cathode materials with superior oxygen exchange properties for solid oxide fuel cells, Nano Energy, 2018, 52, 369-380\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Stoichiometric LSC","offer_id":47455614337254,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCS","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Defective LSC","offer_id":47455614370022,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCD","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSC_main.png?v=1773635948"},{"product_id":"citsofecceplscfgdc","title":"LSCF\/GDC Composite Electrode Powder for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the architecture of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSCF\/GDC composite powder is the industry-standard material for the \"Intermediate Temperature\" oxygen electrode. By combining Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF) with Gadolinium-Doped Ceria (GDC), researchers create a high-performance electrode optimized for operation between 550°C and 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC), meaning it can transport both electrons and oxygen ions through its crystal lattice. However, it is almost always mixed with GDC to form a composite for several critical reasons: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eExpanded Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: While pure LSCF is an MIEC, adding GDC (a superior ionic conductor) creates a 3D network of \"ionic highways.\" This significantly increases the density of active sites where oxygen is reduced or evolved. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure LSCF has a higher thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) than common electrolytes like YSZ. Adding GDC—which has a lower TEC—helps \"bridge the gap,\" preventing the electrode from delaminating or cracking during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eAdhesion\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC acts as a chemical and mechanical \"glue\" between the LSCF catalyst and the GDC barrier layer of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC (C-ITSOFEC-CEP-LSCFGDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Initial Status\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 wt% (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e50 wt% Gd\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) After Reduction\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e52.4 vol% (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e47.6 vol% Gd\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-7 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531001918X\"\u003eM. Izuki, et al., Interfacial stability and cation diffusion across the LSCF\/GDC interface, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7232-7236\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617313087\"\u003eӦ. Çelikbilek, et al., Influence of sintering temperature on morphology and electrochemical performance of LSCF\/GDC composite films as efficient cathode for SOFC, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 246, 1248-1258\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47455616532710,"sku":"CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC_main.png?v=1773641998"},{"product_id":"csofecceplsm8ysz","title":"LSM\/8YSZ Composite Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSM\/8YSZ composite powder is the foundational \"air electrode\" material. While pure LSM is an excellent electronic conductor, it has very low ionic conductivity. Mixing it with 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) transforms the electrode from a simple surface-active layer into a high-performance, three-dimensional reaction zone. The composite is particularly favored for high-temperature systems (750 °C–1000 °C) because it is chemically stable, mechanically robust, and eliminates the need for expensive barrier layers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a pure LSM electrode, the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) can only happen at the Triple Phase Boundary (TPB)—the exact line where the gas, the electronic conductor (LSM), and the electrolyte (YSZ) meet. This severely limits the reaction area. (1)\u003cstrong\u003e Ionic Highways\u003c\/strong\u003e: By adding 8YSZ particles into the LSM matrix, you create a network of \"ionic highways\" that extend into the bulk of the electrode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: This shifts the TPB from a 2D interface at the electrolyte surface into a 3D volume throughout the functional layer, drastically lowering the polarization resistance (Rp).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ (C-SOFEC-CEP-LSM8YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Initial Status\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 wt% (La\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eMnO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e50 wt% (Y\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) After Reduction\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e47.9 vol% (La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-\u003cspan\u003eδ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e52.1 vol% (Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-9 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806004747\"\u003eM. Backhaus-Ricoult, et al., Interface chemistry in LSM–YSZ composite SOFC cathodes, Solid State Ionics, 20106, 177, 2195-2200\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323007656\"\u003eY. Fan, et al., Enabling durable hydrogen production and preventing the catastrophic delamination in the solid oxide electrolysis cells by infiltrating SrFe2O4-δ solutions into LSM\/YSZ -based air electrode, J. Power Sources, 2023, 580, 233389\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47457838989542,"sku":"CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ_main.png?v=1773700050"},{"product_id":"csofeceplnc","title":"LNC (Lanthanum Nickel Cobaltite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLNC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LNC (Lanthanum Nickel Cobaltite)—typically formulated as LaNi0.6Co0.4O3-x, is a high-performance perovskite material primarily used to maximize current collection and improve electrical contact. While LSCF is the workhorse for intermediate-temperature cathodes, LNC is the go-to material for researchers and stack manufacturers who need the highest possible electronic conductivity coupled with superior thermal stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe presence of Nickel at the B-site of the perovskite structure helps stabilize the material's thermal expansion. This makes LNC much less likely to delaminate or crack during the rapid thermal cycling often required in portable or automotive SOFC\/SOEC applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary applications fields are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode Contact Paste\u003c\/strong\u003e: In a professional SOFC stack, the \"contact resistance\" between the air electrode (cathode) and the metallic interconnect can be a major source of power loss. LNC powder is formulated into a paste and applied as a thin layer between the LSCF\/LSM cathode and the stainless steel interconnect. It acts as an electronic \"bridge,\" ensuring that electrons flow smoothly out of the cell with minimal resistance. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMultilayer Cathodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: In high-performance cells, LNC is often used as the outermost layer of a multilayer cathode. As for functional layer: Usually LSCF\/GDC (for high catalytic activity). As for current collection layer: A thick layer of LNC to ensure the current is collected efficiently across the entire surface area of the cell. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLow-Temperature PEC and SOEC\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because LNC remains highly conductive even at lower temperatures (400°C–600°C), it is used in Intermediate and Low-Temperature (IT\/LT) cells. In SOEC mode, LNC’s stability helps resist the high oxygen partial pressures that can cause other cobalt-rich materials to degrade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLNC (C-SOFEC-EP-LNC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNi\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.7-1.1 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2211285520307850\"\u003eN. Duan, et al., Multi-functionalities enabled fivefold applications of LaCo0.6Ni0.4O3−δ in intermediate temperature symmetrical solid oxide fuel\/electrolysis cells, Nano Energy, 2020, 77, 105207\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab91cc\/meta\"\u003eQ. Ma, et al., Performances of Solid Oxide Cells with La0.97Ni0.5Co0.5O3−δ as Air-Electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, 084522\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459035316454,"sku":"CSOFECEPLNC","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLNC_main.png?v=1773719314"},{"product_id":"csofecesnio8ysz","title":"NiO\/8YSZ (57-65 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESNiO8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO\/8YSZ electrode slurry is the liquid suspension used to create the hydrogen electrode (anode in SOFC, cathode in SOEC). This slurry is a complex mixture of active ceramic\/metal oxide powders, organic vehicles, and chemical additives designed to create a specifically engineered porous microstructure. The slurry has multi-components: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO8YSZ_02_240x240.png?v=1773800211\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rheology (flow behavior) of the NiO\/8YSZ slurry must be matched to the manufacturing method: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen Printing (Functional Layers)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a thixotropic paste. The slurry should have a high viscosity (10-50 Pa s) that drops under the pressure of the squeegee, allowing it to pass through the mesh, and then \"re-sets\" instantly on the substrate to prevent bleeding. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting (Anode Supports)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a lower viscosity (1-5 Pa s) with a high binder-to-plasticizer ratio. This ensures the resulting 0.5 mm thick \"green\" support is flexible enough to be handled without cracking. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSpin Coating\/ Dip Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a very dilute, low-viscosity suspension ($0.1 Pa s) to ensure a sub-micron uniform coating on electrolytes or support tubes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESNiO8YSZ (C-SOFEC-ES-NiO8YSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepnio?variant=47454760599782\"\u003eNiO\u003c\/a\u003e  :  \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecesysz?variant=47461133123814\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e = 55 wt% : 45 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) 57 wt% for Anode Functional Layer (AFL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) 65 wt% for Anode Support Layer (ASL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eH. P. Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-728\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"57 wt% for AFL","offer_id":47461695946982,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO8YSZ57","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"65 wt% for ASL","offer_id":47461695979750,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO8YSZ65","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO8YSZ_main.png?v=1773801286"},{"product_id":"csofecesnio","title":"NiO (73 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESNiO","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO (Nickel Oxide) slurry is the liquid suspension used to deposit the precursor for the hydrogen electrode. While most industrial applications use a composite NiO\/YSZ or NiO\/GDC slurry, pure NiO slurries are often used in research for infiltration techniques or as a contact layer to improve current collection. The primary function of the NiO slurry is to provide a high-surface-area coating that, upon reduction to metallic Nickel (Ni), becomes the catalyst for hydrogen oxidation or water splitting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe multi-components of NiO slurry are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO_02_240x240.png?v=1773802892\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunctional Roles of NiO in the Slurry: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Precursor\u003c\/strong\u003e: NiO is a ceramic insulator. It must be reduced in situ using hydrogen gas (NiO + H2 → Ni + H2O) to become the active catalyst. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePorosity Generation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Metallic Ni has a molar volume ~40% smaller than NiO. This volume contraction during the first run of the cell creates the micro-porosity necessary for gas molecules to reach the reaction sites. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Connectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Once reduced, the Ni particles must touch each other to form a \"percolation network\" that carries electrons from the reaction site to the external circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESNiO (C-SOFEC-ES-NiO)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepnio?variant=47454760599782\"\u003eNiO\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 73 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.202100072\"\u003eM. B. Mogensen, et al., Ni migration in solid oxide cell electrodes: Review and revised hypothesis, Fuel Cells, 2021, 21, 415-429\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461494587622,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO_main.png?v=1773802892"},{"product_id":"csofeceslscf","title":"LSCF (64 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESLSCF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) slurry is the liquid suspension used to deposit the oxygen electrode. Since LSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC), the slurry is often formulated as a composite with GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) to further enhance ionic transport and match the thermal expansion of the electrolyte. LSCF slurries are highly sensitive to processing temperatures; firing too high can lead to the formation of insulating phases, while firing too low results in poor adhesion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA professional LSCF slurry (or ink) is designed to create a layer with 30% to 40% porosity to allow for gas diffusion (O2 capture in SOFC mode, O2 escape in SOEC mode).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESLSCF_02_240x240.png?v=1773814213\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is a critical manufacturing rule that LSCF slurries must not be printed directly onto a YSZ electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Reaction\u003c\/strong\u003e: At sintering temperatures, Strontium (Sr) from the LSCF slurry will migrate into the YSZ to form Strontium Zirconate (SrZrO3) that is an electrical insulator. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Solution\u003c\/strong\u003e: A separate, dense GDC slurry must be printed and fired first to act as a \"barrier layer\" (typically 3-5 um thick).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe slurry preparation highly depends on the coating techniques: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen-Printing Ink\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most common form for LSCF. It requires a high-viscosity, thixotropic paste (often using Terpineol). It must be homogenized using a three-roll mill to ensure the LSCF and GDC are perfectly distributed at the sub-micron level. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting Slurry\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used for making \"cathode-supported\" cells. This requires a lower viscosity and a higher concentration of binders (like PVB) to allow the resulting \"green\" sheet to be flexible and handleable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESLSCF (C-SOFEC-ES-LSCF)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofeceplscf?variant=47455469666534\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 64 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273814000046\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al., Stability of LSCF electrode with GDC interlayer in YSZ-based solid oxide electrolysis cell, Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262, 303-306\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3555122\/meta\"\u003eE. N. Armstrong, et al., Determination of Surface Exchange Coefficients of LSM, LSCF, YSZ, GDC Constituent Materials in Composite SOFC Cathodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, B492\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0741902jes\/meta\"\u003eV. Vibhu, et al., High Performance LSC Infiltrated LSCF Oxygen Electrode for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Application, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, F102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461725470950,"sku":"CSOFECESLSCF","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESLSCF_main.png?v=1773814213"},{"product_id":"citsofeceslscfgdc","title":"LSCF\/GDC (68 wt%) Electrode Slurry for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECESLSCFGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSCF\/GDC composite slurry is the industry-standard \"ink\" used to deposit the oxygen electrode. Since LSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC) and GDC is a high-performance ionic conductor, this composite maximizes the surface area available for the electrochemical reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixing LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-x) with GDC (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) in a slurry provides three critical advantages: (1) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: While pure LSCF can conduct ions, its ionic conductivity is much lower than GDC. Adding GDC particles creates \"ionic highways\" that extend the reaction site from the electrolyte interface deep into the electrode bulk. \u003cbr\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure LSCF has a high TEC (~15 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}). Mixing it with GDC (~12 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}) brings the composite closer to the YSZ electrolyte (~10.5 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}), preventing the electrode from peeling off during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSintering Control\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC particles act as \"spacers\" that prevent LSCF grains from over-sintering and losing porosity at operating temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance screen-printing ink typically follows this mass distribution:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESLSCFGDC_02_240x240.png?v=1773815468\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using an LSCF\/GDC slurry, it is necessary to apply it over a dense GDC Barrier Layer if the electrolyte is YSZ. (1) Problem: During the 1000°C–1100 °C sintering of the LSCF slurry, Strontium (Sr) will migrate into a YSZ electrolyte and form Strontium Zirconate (SrZrO3), an insulator that significantly increases the cell's ASR (Area Specific Resistance). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSolution\u003c\/strong\u003e: A thin (2-}5 um) dense GDC layer acts as a chemical buffer, blocking the Sr migration while allowing oxygen ions to flow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECESLSCFGDC (C-SOFEC-ES-LSCFGDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecceplscfgdc?variant=47455616532710\"\u003eLSCF\/GDC\u003c\/a\u003e (50 wt% : 50wt%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 68 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531001918X\"\u003eM. Izuki, et al., Interfacial stability and cation diffusion across the LSCF\/GDC interface, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7232-7236\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617313087\"\u003eӦ. Çelikbilek, et al., Influence of sintering temperature on morphology and electrochemical performance of LSCF\/GDC composite films as efficient cathode for SOFC, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 246, 1248-1258\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461757976806,"sku":"CITSOFECESLSCFGDC","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESLSCFGDC_main.png?v=1773815403"},{"product_id":"csofecgps","title":"Glass Paste Sealant for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECGPS","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the assembly of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a glass paste sealant is a specialized suspension of glass-ceramic powder used to create hermetic, electrically insulating joins. While pre-shaped gaskets are used for large-scale production, paste is the preferred format for R\u0026amp;D, button cell testing, and complex manifolds where precise dispensing is required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sealing paste must balance the chemistry of the glass with the rheology of the organic vehicle to ensure it stays in place during assembly and flows perfectly during the \"sealing run.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance screen-printing ink typically follows this mass distribution:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECGPS_02_240x240.png?v=1773816621\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a glass paste to be effective in an SOC environment, it must meet these strict criteria: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTEC Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion must be 9.5-12.0 * 10^{-6} K^{-1} to match the YSZ electrolyte and Crofer 22 APU interconnects. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eGlass Transition\u003c\/strong\u003e (Tg): Typically 550 °C to 700 °C. The sealant must be rigid at operating temperatures but slightly viscous during thermal spikes to \"self-heal\" micro-cracks. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectrical Resistivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: In SOEC mode, where voltages exceed 1.3 V, high resistivity is critical to prevent \"Cr-bridge\" formation (electrochemical migration of Chromium).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA glass paste is not \"set\" until it undergoes a specific heat treatment: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBinder Burn-out (200 °C–400 °C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Slow heating to remove organics without leaving carbon residue or causing \"bloating.\" (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSintering \u0026amp; Wetting (700 °C–850 °C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The glass softens and wets the metal and ceramic surfaces, creating a gas-tight bond. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCrystallization (Devitrification)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Held at a peak temperature (e.g., 900 °C) to transform the glass into a glass-ceramic. This makes the seal more mechanically robust and prevents it from flowing away during long-term operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECGPS (C-SOFEC-EC-GPS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBa-Ca-Al-Borosilicate (50 wt% : 50wt%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: ~70 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775326003290\"\u003eK. Singh, et al., Designing glass sealants for intermediate- and low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: challenges and prospects, 2026, 671, 239579\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/07801.1739ecst\/meta\"\u003eR. Kiebach, et al., A Novel SOFC\/SOEC Sealing Glass with a Low SiO2 Content and a High Thermal Expansion Coefficient, ECS Trans., 2017, 78 1739\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47462185435366,"sku":"CSOFECGPS","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECGPS_main.png?v=1773816587"},{"product_id":"csofeccpaglsm","title":"Ag\/LSM Composite Paste for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCPAgLSM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the specialized field of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) stack assembly, Ag\/LSM (Silver\/Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) composite paste is a high-conductivity material primarily used as a contact layer or current collector. While pure Silver (Ag) has the highest electrical conductivity of any metal, it suffers from poor adhesion to ceramics and high oxygen permeability. Mixing it with LSM creates a composite that maintains high conductivity while improving the mechanical and thermal stability of the electrical interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ag\/LSM paste is typically applied between the cathode (air electrode) and the metallic interconnect (e.g., Crofer 22 APU). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSilver (Ag) Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides the primary path for electrons. Silver is unique because it remains metallic and highly conductive in oxidizing atmospheres (air) at 600-800 °C, unlike most other metals that would form resistive oxide scales. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLSM Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Acts as a \"ceramic anchor.\" LSM bonds well to both the YSZ-based cell and the silver. It also helps match the Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) of the paste to the rest of the cell, preventing the silver from \"beading up\" or delaminating. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eOxygen Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: In SOEC mode (electrolysis), oxygen is generated at high pressure. The LSM helps stabilize the interface, preventing the silver from being \"lifted\" or forming pores due to oxygen gas evolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt shows multiple advantages compared to pure Ag paste. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eReduced Silver Evaporation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver is volatile at 800 °C and can migrate (vapors) into the cathode, potentially poisoning the active sites. The LSM matrix helps \"trap\" the silver and reduce its vapor pressure. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eInhibition of Grain Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver tends to coarsen (grains grow larger) over time, which reduces its contact area. The ceramic LSM particles act as \"pinning agents,\" keeping the silver microstructure stable for thousands of hours. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eImproved Adhesion\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver does not wet ceramic surfaces well. The LSM provides a chemical bridge that ensures the contact layer doesn't peel off during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECCPAgLSM (C-SOFEC-CP-AgLSM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAg\/LSM (85 wt% Ag + 15wt% LSM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 65 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775307020186\"\u003eT. Z. Sholklapper, et al., Nanocomposite Ag–LSM solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, J. Power Sources, 2008, 175, 206-210\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273812001713\"\u003eM. Mosiałek, et al., Changes in the morphology and the composition of the Ag|YSZ and Ag|LSM interfaces caused by polarization, Solid State Ionics, 2012, 225 755-759\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47463121027302,"sku":"CSOFECCPAgLSM","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCPAgLSM_main.png?v=1773852903"},{"product_id":"csofecnio8yszesp","title":"NiO\/8YSZ Electrode Support Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECNiO8YSZESP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO\/8YSZ pellet is the precursor for the most common \"anode-supported\" cell configuration. While 8YSZ is an electrolyte material, a pellet containing NiO is technically an electrode support, not the electrolyte itself. In this configuration, a thick, porous NiO\/8YSZ disk (typically 0.5--1.5 mm) provides the mechanical strength for the entire cell, while a very thin, dense layer of pure 8YSZ (typically 5-20 um) is applied on top to serve as the electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NiO\/8YSZ pellet is a \"pre-functional\" material. It only becomes an active electrode after a reduction process: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAs-Sintered State\u003c\/strong\u003e: The pellet consists of Green Nickel Oxide (NiO) and White 8YSZ. In this state, it is a ceramic insulator. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eReduction Step\u003c\/strong\u003e: During the initial \"start-up\" of the test (at 600-800 °C under H2), the NiO is reduced to metallic Nickel (Ni). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCermet Result\u003c\/strong\u003e: This creates a Ni-YSZ cermet (ceramic-metal composite). The Ni provides electronic conductivity and catalytic activity, while the 8YSZ provides ionic conductivity and mechanical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECNiO8YSZESP (C-SOFEC-NiO8YSZESP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofeccenio8ysz?variant=47455058559206\"\u003eNiO\/8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eNiO\/8YSZ Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~580 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~580 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eHari Prasad Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-72\u003c\/a\u003e8.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47464671740134,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47464671772902,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47464671838438,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPS1010","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECNiO8YSZESP_main.png?v=1773898605"}],"url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/anodes-cathodes-for-soec-sofc.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}