{"title":"Electrodes \u0026 Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe cell architecture decides whether your SOFC or SOEC test campaign is limited by ohmic loss, polarization, or mechanical failure\u003c\/strong\u003e — so this section groups solid-oxide electrodes and full cells by which layer carries the load. You will find electrolyte-supported (ESC) cathodes, ESC anodes, anode-supported half-cells, and complete planar and button cells, all matched to the SSZ, ScSZ, YSZ, and GDC chemistries the intermediate- and high-temperature SOFC\/SOEC community actually runs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eElectrolyte-supported components\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eESC parts are the right choice when you want a thicker, mechanically robust electrolyte (typically scandia-stabilized zirconia in the 150-200 um range) and can accept higher ohmic resistance in exchange for survivability under clamping and thermal cycling. The ESC cathode stack uses an LSM \/ LSM-GDC functional gradient against an SSZ membrane to compensate for LSM's modest ionic conductivity and to control reactivity between strontium-bearing perovskites and zirconia. The ESC anode side pairs Ni-GDC with Ni-YSZ to maximize the triple-phase boundary while keeping the porous cermet bonded to the dense electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eAnode-supported half-cells and full cells\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode-supported designs put the structural load on a thick, porous Ni-YSZ cermet (roughly 500-1000 um, 30-40 percent porosity after NiO reduction), with thin YSZ electrolyte and a GDC buffer above it. The buffer blocks reactive interdiffusion between zirconia and cobalt-based perovskite cathodes, so an LSC or LSCF top layer can be deposited without forming insulating SrZrO3. Anode-supported cells deliver lower ohmic loss at intermediate temperatures (650-800 C), which makes them well suited to SOEC steam electrolysis and reversible operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eCell formats\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth architectures are offered as 20 mm and 25 mm button cells for screening, kinetic studies, and impedance work, and as 5 cm x 5 cm planar cells for sealing, current-collection, and stack-precursor testing. NiO-containing layers ship in the oxidized state and require a controlled in-situ reduction (dilute H2 in inert) to avoid micro-cracking the electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are characterizing electrolyte-side reactions or running long thermal-cycle tests, start with electrolyte-supported parts; if you are pushing area-specific resistance down at intermediate temperature, move to anode-supported. For the supporting chemistries on their own, see \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/soec-and-sofc\"\u003eSOEC \u0026amp; SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"csofecasbcnygl","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC\/LSC (D=20 or 25 mm) Anode Supported Button Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASBCNYGL","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis configuration represents a high-performance Anode-Supported Button Cell designed for intermediate temperatures. By using an LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) cathode with a GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) buffer layer, you are optimizing for high catalytic activity while managing chemical compatibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSC Cathode (20–50 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a kind of mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). LSC has much higher exchange current density than traditional LSM, allowing for operation at 550°C – 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASBCNYGL (C-SOFEC-ASBC-NYGL)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi-YSZ (D=20 mm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSC (D=12.5 mm, T=12 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASBCNYGL_01_160x160.png?v=1773972530\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D20 mm","offer_id":47467082055910,"sku":"CSOFECASBCNYGLD20","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D25 mm","offer_id":47467082088678,"sku":"CSOFECASBCNYGLD25","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASBCNYGL_main.png?v=1773972519"},{"product_id":"csofecaspcnygl55","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC\/LSC (5cm * 5cm) Anode Supported Planar Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASPCNYGL55","description":"\u003cp\u003eTesting a planar anode-supported SOFC with this specific material stack (Ni-YSZ | YSZ | GDC | LSC) is a common benchmark for intermediate-temperature performance. The main challenges are sealing integrity, current collection uniformity, and thermal gradients across the larger surface area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSC Cathode (20–50 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a kind of mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). LSC has much higher exchange current density than traditional LSM, allowing for operation at 550°C – 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASPCNYGL55 (C-SOFEC-ASPC-NYGL55)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiO-YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (5cm * 5 cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSC (4cm * 4cm, T=12 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASPCNYGL55_02_160x160.png?v=1773978019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanar Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47467368644838,"sku":"CSOFECASPCNYGL55","price":599.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASPCNYGL55_main.png?v=1773978010"},{"product_id":"csofecasnyg","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC (Button \u0026 Planar) Anode Support for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASNYG","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis specific tri-layer structure (Ni-YSZ | YSZ | GDC) is the \"half-cell\" foundation for high-performance intermediate-temperature SOFCs. By stopping at the GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) layer, you have essentially created a protected electrolyte surface ready for the deposition of a Cobalt-based cathode (like LSC or LSCF).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary engineering challenge with this stack is maintaining the mechanical integrity of the thin functional layers atop the thick, porous support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASNYG (C-SOFEC-AS-NYG)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiO-YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (5cm * 5 cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASNYG_02_160x160.png?v=1773979216\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnode Support Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Button Disk: D20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Button Disk: D25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Planar Sheet: 5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775306015862\"\u003eQ. L. Liu, et al., Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell with yttria-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinia-doped ceria bilalyer electrolyte prepared by wet ceramic co-sintering process, J. Power Sources, 2006, 162, 1036-1042\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.201300158\"\u003eW. Wu, et al., Influence of Deposition Temperature of GDC Interlayer Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering on Anode-Supported SOFC, Fuel Cells., 2014, 14, 171-176\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Button Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47467382866150,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGD50","price":369.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Button Disk: D25 mm","offer_id":47467382898918,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGD25","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Planar Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47467382931686,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGS55","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASNYG_main.png?v=1773979143"},{"product_id":"csofecesbcnc","title":"NextCell (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Button Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESBCNC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe standard NextCell configuration is designed for stability and reproducibility, particularly in the 750°C – 850°C range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSupport:\u003c\/b\u003e 150 um thick \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"24\"\u003eHionic™\u003c\/b\u003e (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia). It is ~4x stronger than standard YSZ-8, allowing it to survive the mechanical clamping of test fixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eAnode:\u003c\/b\u003e Typically a multi-layer \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"31\"\u003eNiO-GDC \/ NiO-YSZ\u003c\/b\u003e (~50 um).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eCathode:\u003c\/b\u003e Standard NextCells use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"32\"\u003eLSM\/LSM-GDC\u003c\/b\u003e, while the \"HP\" (High Performance) versions often use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"98\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/b\u003e or \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"106\"\u003eLSC\u003c\/b\u003e for better low-temperature activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eActive Area:\u003c\/b\u003e Usually 1.25 cm² on a 20 mm or 25 mm diameter disk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eSince the anode contains Nickel Oxide (NiO), it must be reduced to Nickel (Ni) to become electrochemically active.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"13\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eHeat Up:\u003c\/b\u003e Ramp at \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\"\u003e2°C\/min\u003c\/b\u003e to 800°C in stagnant air or flowing \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e (on the anode side) and Air (on the cathode side).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eReduction:\u003c\/b\u003e * Once at 800°C, introduce a dilute fuel mix (e.g., 5% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"66\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e in \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,0,0\"\u003eHold for 30–60 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,1,0\"\u003eGradually increase to 100% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"27\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e (typically humidified with 3% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2O\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eH2O\u003c\/span\u003e via a bubbler at 25°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eOCV Check:\u003c\/b\u003e A healthy NextCell at 800°C with 100% wet \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"53\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e should yield an \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eOCV of ~1.1 V\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESBCNC (C-aSOFEC-ESBC-NC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (D=12.5 mm, T=~130-170um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode: LSM\/LSM-GDC (D=12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESBCNC_02_160x160.png?v=1773980683\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D20 mm","offer_id":47467386241254,"sku":"CSOFECESBCNCD20","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D25 mm","offer_id":47467386274022,"sku":"CSOFECESBCNCD25","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESBCNC_main.png?v=1773980683"},{"product_id":"csofecespcnc55","title":"NextCell (5cm * 5cm) Electrolyte Supported Planar Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESPCNC55","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe standard NextCell configuration is designed for stability and reproducibility, particularly in the 750°C – 850°C range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSupport:\u003c\/b\u003e 150 um thick \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"24\"\u003eHionic™\u003c\/b\u003e (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia). It is ~4x stronger than standard YSZ-8, allowing it to survive the mechanical clamping of test fixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eAnode:\u003c\/b\u003e Typically a multi-layer \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"31\"\u003eNiO-GDC \/ NiO-YSZ\u003c\/b\u003e (~50 um).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eCathode:\u003c\/b\u003e Standard NextCells use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"32\"\u003eLSM\/LSM-GDC\u003c\/b\u003e, while the \"HP\" (High Performance) versions often use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"98\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/b\u003e or \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"106\"\u003eLSC\u003c\/b\u003e for better low-temperature activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eActive Area:\u003c\/b\u003e Usually 1.25 cm² on a 20 mm or 25 mm diameter disk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eSince the anode contains Nickel Oxide (NiO), it must be reduced to Nickel (Ni) to become electrochemically active.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"13\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eHeat Up:\u003c\/b\u003e Ramp at \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\"\u003e2°C\/min\u003c\/b\u003e to 800°C in stagnant air or flowing \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e (on the anode side) and Air (on the cathode side).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eReduction:\u003c\/b\u003e * Once at 800°C, introduce a dilute fuel mix (e.g., 5% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"66\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e in \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,0,0\"\u003eHold for 30–60 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,1,0\"\u003eGradually increase to 100% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"27\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e (typically humidified with 3% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2O\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eH2O\u003c\/span\u003e via a bubbler at 25°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eOCV Check:\u003c\/b\u003e A healthy NextCell at 800°C with 100% wet \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"53\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e should yield an \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eOCV of ~1.1 V\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESPCNC55 (C-SOFEC-ESPC-NC55)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (4cm * 4cm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode: LSM\/LSM-GDC (4cm * 4cm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPCNC55_02_160x160.png?v=1773985255\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanar Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47467422777574,"sku":"CSOFECESPCNC55","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPCNC55_main.png?v=1773985255"},{"product_id":"csofecesanns","title":"Ni-GDC\/Ni-YSZ\/SSZ (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Anode for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESANNS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis specific configuration is a high-performance Electrolyte-Supported Cell (ESC), likely utilizing a Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia (SSZ) membrane. By layering Ni-GDC and Ni-YSZ on the anode side, you are creating a functionally graded electrode designed to maximize triple-phase boundaries (TPB) while maintaining mechanical adhesion to the SSZ support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSZ Electrolyte Support (~150–200 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The active material is Sc0.1Zr0.9O{2-x} (10ScSZ) or similar. Scandia-stabilized zirconia offers the highest ionic conductivity of all zirconia-based electrolytes. It allows for a thicker, more robust support than YSZ while maintaining lower ohmic resistance at 700°C–800°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Intermediate Anode Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Since YSZ and SSZ have very similar thermal expansion coefficients (TEC), this layer acts as a mechanical bridge. It provides a stable framework for the nickel catalyst and ensures the anode doesn't delaminate from the SSZ support during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-GDC Active Anode Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) is a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) in reducing atmospheres. By placing Ni-GDC at the \"active\" interface (closest to the fuel or as the outermost layer), you extend the triple-phase boundary beyond just the physical contact points of Ni and Electrolyte, significantly reducing activation polarization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESANNS (C-SOFEC-ESA-NNS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode with Bilayers: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (D-12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESANNS_02_160x160.png?v=1773986817\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D=20 mm","offer_id":47467467112678,"sku":"CSOFECESANNSD20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D=25 mm","offer_id":47467467145446,"sku":"CSOFECESANNSD25","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESANNS_main.png?v=1773986817"},{"product_id":"csofecesclls","title":"LSM\/LSM-GDC\/SSZ (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Cathode for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESCLLS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis configuration is a classic Electrolyte-Supported Cell (ESC) cathode functional gradient. By using a composite LSM-GDC layer between the SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte and the pure LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) current collector, you are addressing the primary weakness of LSM: its limited ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSZ Electrolyte (Support): \u003c\/strong\u003eThe active material is typically 10Sc1CeSZ or 10Sc1AlSZ (150–200 um). SSZ provides superior oxygen ion conductivity compared to YSZ at 700°C–850°C. SSZ can be reactive with Strontium-containing cathodes. While LSM is less reactive than LSCF, the interface still needs careful thermal management during sintering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSM-GDC Composite (Active Functional Layer):\u003c\/strong\u003e LSM is primarily an electronic conductor with poor oxygen ion porosity. By mixing it with GDC (an ionic conductor), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can happen throughout the bulk of this layer rather than just at the 2D interface of the electrolyte. Unlike YSZ, GDC does not readily form the insulating SrZrO3 phase when in contact with LSM, making it an excellent \"bridge\" material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSM (Current Collection Layer)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Its role is mainly to provides a high-conductivity path for electrons from the external circuit (mesh\/interconnect) to the active sites. This layer is usually coarser and more porous than the functional layer to allow easy O2 gas diffusion to the active interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESCLLS (C-SOFEC-ESC-LLS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode with Bilayers: LSM\/LSM-GDC (D-12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESCLLS_02_160x160.png?v=1773987839\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D=20 mm","offer_id":47467476058342,"sku":"CSOFECESCLLSD20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D=25 mm","offer_id":47467476091110,"sku":"CSOFECESCLLSD25","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESCLLS_main.png?v=1773987840"}],"url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/electrodes-cells.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}