{"title":"Electrolyte Additives","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrolyte additives are the leverage point of cell engineering — a few weight-percent of the right molecule rebuilds the SEI, raises the flash point, widens the voltage window, or steers selectivity at a CO2RR cathode without redesigning the electrolyte.\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection groups the small-volume, high-impact compounds we stock for battery, supercapacitor, and aqueous-electrolyzer research, organized by chemical family so you can pick by mechanism rather than by trade name.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFilm-forming carbonates and sultones\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFluorinated and cyclic carbonates dominate SEI engineering on silicon, lithium-metal, and high-voltage layered cathodes. FEC is the reference fluorinated cyclic carbonate for accommodating large volume changes on Si and Li-metal anodes; FEMC is its linear analog, used as a co-solvent that lowers flammability and stabilizes high-voltage CEIs. Cyclic sulfur additives — 1,3-propane sultone family members such as 1,4-butane sultone (BS), and the sulfate-ring additive DTD (ethylene sulfate) — reduce preferentially on graphite, LTO, and silicon anodes to build dense, ionically conductive interphases. Succinic anhydride (SA) plays a complementary cathode-side role by passivating reactive surface oxygen on Ni-rich layered and high-voltage spinel chemistries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eSalts, polyelectrolytes, and sodium-ion additives\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBorate and sulfonate additives tune interphase chemistry beyond carbonate solvents. NaBOB is the sodium analog of LiBOB, dissolved at low loading to stabilize both the anode SEI and the cathode CEI in sodium-ion cells. PSS (polystyrene sulfonate) appears here as a water-soluble, ionically conductive polyelectrolyte used as a binder\/additive that lowers electrode resistance versus PVDF. Phenyl disulfide (PDS) is a redox-mediator additive used in Li-S, Li-CO2, and CO2RR systems to cleave polysulfides and shuttle electrons at the catalyst interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eFlame retardants and ionic liquids\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePhosphate and phosphonate additives such as DMMP scavenge combustion-chain radicals and are blended at single-digit weight-percent to push electrolyte flash points up. Imidazolium ionic liquids — [EMIM][TFSI] and [BMIM][TFSI] — serve as non-flammable, low-vapor-pressure co-solvents for Li-ion, Na-ion, and supercapacitor electrolytes, and as wide-window solvents for fundamental electrochemistry. CTAB is included as a cationic surfactant additive used in CO2RR electrolytes to reorganize interfacial water and suppress the parallel hydrogen evolution reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are formulating an SEI for silicon or lithium-metal anodes, start with the fluorinated carbonates and sultones. For high-voltage layered cathodes, pair a sulfate or anhydride with a film-forming co-solvent. For CO2RR or Li-S work, see the redox-mediator and surfactant entries. Browse related sections under Electrolytes and Solvents.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"cesailemimtfsi","title":"[EMIM][TFSI] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, \u003e99.5%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMTFSI","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMTFSI (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-Ion \u0026amp; Sodium-Ion Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM][TFSI] is used as a co-solvent or additive to enhance safety and voltage. It is non-flammable and has negligible vapor pressure, acting as a flame retardant in standard carbonate electrolytes. It is highly stable at high potentials, making it suitable for high-voltage cathodes (e.g., LNMO). It should be noted that Imidazolium cations can intercalate into graphite anodes, potentially causing exfoliation. Therefore, it is often used with film-forming additives like VC (Vinylene Carbonate) or in \"solvent-in-salt\" configurations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: While [EMIM][BF4] is more famous for CO2 reduction, [EMIM][TFSI] is used in non-aqueous CO2 reduction or as a hydrophobic additive. The [EMIM]+ cation stabilizes the CO2'- radical, lowering the overpotential for CO production. Moreover, it can be used to create a \"water-lean\" interface at the catalyst due to its hydrophobicity, which effectively suppresses the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a premier choice for high-energy density supercapacitors. By replacing aqueous electrolytes with pure [EMIM][TFSI], the operating voltage can be pushed from 1.2V to 3.0 V. Since energy density scales with V^2, this leads to a massive increase in stored energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMTFSI (C-ESA-ILEMIMTFSI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlso named as [EMIM][Tf2N]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e174899-82-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC8H11F6N3O4S2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMTFSI_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765155612\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.5% (Battery Grade)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWater level: \u0026lt;500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e391.31 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.52 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the [EMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcb.2c02822\"\u003eH. S. Dhattarwal, et al. Heterogeneity and Nanostructure of Superconcentrated LiTFSI–EmimTFSI Hybrid Aqueous Electrolytes: Beyond the 21 m Limit of Water-in-Salt Electrolyte, J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126, 28, 5291–5304\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c02383\"\u003eC. A. Bridges, et al. Dynamics of Emim+ in [Emim][TFSI]\/LiTFSI Solutions as Bulk and under Confinement in a Quasi-liquid Solid Electrolyte, J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125, 20, 5443–5450\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-023-00875-9\"\u003eA. Fortunati, et al., Understanding the role of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, Communications Chemistry, 2023, 6, 84\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c00685\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Saha, et al., A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes, Energy Fuels 2024, 38, 10, 8528–8552.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DDDC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47018218455270,"sku":"CBESEMIMTFSI","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMTFSI_main.png?v=1765156189"},{"product_id":"cesailemimbf4","title":"[EMIM][BF4] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 99.5%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMBF4","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMBF4 (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Additive\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in small concentrations (1–5%) within standard carbonate-based electrolytes. (1) Flame Retardancy: It significantly reduces the flammability of the electrolyte, improving safety. (2) SEI Formation: It can assist in the formation of a more stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on the anode, especially in high-voltage cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is perhaps the most famous application for [EMIM][BF4]. The [EMIM]+ cation acts as a co-catalyst. It adsorbs onto the catalyst surface (like Silver or Gold) and forms a complex with CO2, lowering the activation energy barrier for the formation of the *CO2'- radical intermediate. It is highly effective at suppressing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and promoting the production of Carbon Monoxide (CO) at very low overpotentials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM][BF4] is used as an electrolyte to increase the energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors. While aqueous electrolytes limit supercapacitors to ~1.2 V, [EMIM][BF4] allows operation up to 3.0 V or higher, which will increase the energy density since doubling the voltage quadruples the energy stored. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 343.8px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMBF4 (C-ESA-ILEMIMBF4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e143314-16-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 123px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 123px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 123px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC6H11BF4N2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMBF4_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765178807\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.5% (Battery Grade)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e197.97 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.294 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 or 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the EMIMBF4 ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp0476601\"\u003eK. Hayamizu, et al. Ionic Conduction and Ion Diffusion in Binary Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Composed of [emim][BF4] and LiBF4, J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 50, 19527–19532\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jced.3c00037\"\u003eSapna Rana, et al. Investigating the Solvation Behavior of Some Lithium Salts in Binary Aqueous Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) at Equidistant Temperatures (T = 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15) K, J. Chem. Eng. Data 2023, 68, 6, 1291–1304.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c03689\"\u003eN. Karki et al., Modulation of Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Magnetic Field and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. C 2025, 129, 32, 14356–14365\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c00213\"\u003eX. Jiang, et al., Additive Engineering Enables Ionic-Liquid Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors To Deliver Simultaneously High Energy and Power Density, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 14, 5685–5695\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"NDSYS","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":47021496107238,"sku":"CESAILEMIMBF4G25","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47021496140006,"sku":"CESAILEMIMBF4G100","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMBF4_main.png?v=1771910972"},{"product_id":"cesailemimcl","title":"[EMIM]Cl (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, \u003e99.0%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 or 100 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMCl","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMCl (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiPF6, LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte. EMImCl is primarily used as a component in the electrolyte systems for Aluminum-Ion Batteries (AIBs) and related technologies, rather than as a neat solvent for conventional lithium or sodium salts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAluminum Electroplating and Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most famous application for [EMIM]Cl. When mixed with Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3), it forms a room-temperature liquid known as a Chloroaluminate melt. As for electroplating, it allows for the high-quality plating of aluminum onto other metals at room temperature, which is impossible in aqueous solutions because aluminum reacts violently with water. For aluminum-ion batteries, [EMIM]Cl+ AlCl3 serves as the electrolyte for rechargeable aluminum batteries. The [AlCl4]- and [Al2Cl7]- ions facilitate the reversible intercalation of aluminum into graphite cathodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM]Cl is used as a functional additive in aqueous CO2 reduction. The [EMIM]+ cation adsorbs onto the catalyst surface and stabilizes the CO2'- radical intermediate. The presence of the chloride (Cl-) anion can specifically modify the surface of Copper or Silver catalysts, often promoting the formation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) or Formate by suppressing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs for supercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e, [EMIM]Cl is rarely used as a pure liquid due to its melting point. Instead, it is typically used in ionogels or as a redox-active additive. [EMIM]Cl is often immobilized within a polymer matrix (like PVA or PVDF) to create a solid-state electrolyte. These \"ionogels\" offer high thermal stability and eliminate the risk of leakage found in liquid-cell supercapacitors. Compared to protons (H+), the bulky [EMIM]+ cation has lower mobility, which can lead to higher Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and lower power density. However, it allows for a wider Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW) of ~2.8 V, significantly higher than the 1.2 V limit of aqueous systems.The chloride anion can sometimes participate in surface redox reactions with specific electrode materials (like RuO2 or certain conductive polymers), providing additional \"pseudocapacitive\" energy storage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 391.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMCl (C-ESA-ILEMIMCl)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e65039-09-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 216px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 216px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 216px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC6H11ClN2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMImCl_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765250692\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white to pale yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e146.62 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e77-79 °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 or 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the EMIMCl powder is in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0811713jes\/meta\"\u003eJ. Li, et al. Ternary AlCl3-Urea-[EMIm]Cl Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aluminum-Ion Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, A3093\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab7573\/meta\"\u003eT. Schoetzi, et al. Aluminium Deposition in EMImCl-AlCl3 Ionic Liquid and Ionogel for Improved Aluminium Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2022, 167, 040516.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.3c00035\"\u003eS. S. Golru, et al., Modifying Copper Local Environment with Electrolyte Additives to Alter CO2 Electroreduction vs Hydrogen Evolution, ACS Catal. 2023, 13, 12, 7831–7843\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/cssc.201802046\"\u003eA. Tatlisu, et al., High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Aqueous Supercapacitor Enabled by “Water-in-Imidazolium Chloride” Electrolytes, ChemSusChem, 2018, 11, 3899-3904\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"NDSYS","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":47021510328550,"sku":"CESAILEMIMCl25","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47021510361318,"sku":"CESAILEMIMCl100","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMCl_main.png?v=1771914813"},{"product_id":"cco2rreactab","title":"CTAB (Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, \u003e99%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), CCO2RREACTAB","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is a cationic surfactant used as an electrolyte additive to fundamentally alter the electrode-electrolyte interface. Its primary role is to suppress the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) while simultaneously enhancing the rate and selectivity of CO2 reduction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCTAB operates through several distinct bi-functional mechanisms at the catalyst surface: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eInterfacial Water Reorganization\u003c\/strong\u003e: CTAB molecules adsorb onto the cathode surface via their cationic headgroups. This hydrophobic \"barrier\" displaces water molecules from the Helmholtz layer (the region closest to the electrode). Since water is the primary source of protons for the HER, its displacement significantly inhibits hydrogen production. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eIntermediate Stabilization\u003c\/strong\u003e: The positively charged quaternary ammonium headgroup of CTAB creates a local electric field that stabilizes polar CO2RR intermediates, such as the *CO2'- radical or *COOH. This lowers the overpotential required for the first electron transfer. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHydrophobic Microenvironment\u003c\/strong\u003e: The long alkyl chains of CTAB create a \"dry\" micro-environment. This increases the local concentration of gaseous CO2 at the catalyst surface by preventing it from being converted into inactive (bi)carbonates as quickly as it would in bulk aqueous electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREACTAB (C-CO2RR-EA-CTAB)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e57-09-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eCH3(CH2)15N(Br)(CH3)3\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREACTAB_mocular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771873346\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e364.45\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCTAB on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIt shifts selectivity toward Formate (HCOO-) or C2 products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCTAB on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIt will massively enhances Carbon Monoxide (CO) production.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.9b00449\"\u003eS. Banerjee, et al., Modulating the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface with Cationic Surfactants in Carbon Dioxide Reduction, ACS Catal. 2019, 9, 6, 5631–5637\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2)\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.0c02387\"\u003e S. Banerjee, et al., Surfactant Perturbation of Cation Interactions at the Electrode–Electrolyte Interface in Carbon Dioxide Reduction,ACS Catal. 2020, 10, 17, 9907–9914\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379335119078,"sku":"CCO2RREACTAB","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREACTAB_main.png?v=1771873346"},{"product_id":"cco2rreailemimotf","title":"[EMIM]OTf (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, \u003e98%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), CCO2RREAILEMIMOTf","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), [EMIM]OTf (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate) is a prominent ionic liquid used as an electrolyte additive to lower the overpotential and steer selectivity toward Carbon Monoxide (CO).The \"EMIM\" cation is the active component that interacts with the CO2 molecule, while the \"OTf\" (triflate) anion provides high chemical and thermal stability, making it a reliable choice for long-term electrolysis experiments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe most significant impact of [EMIM]OTf is its ability to stabilize the initial, energy-intensive step of CO2 reduction. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLowering the Overpotential\u003c\/strong\u003e: The [EMIM]+ cation forms a complex with the CO2 molecule at the electrode surface. This interaction stabilizes the CO2'- radical anion, which is the most difficult intermediate to form. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eHydrogen Bond Stabilization\u003c\/strong\u003e: The acidic proton at the C2 position of the imidazolium ring can form a hydrogen bond with the oxygen atoms of the CO2 intermediate, further lowering the activation energy barrier. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eShifting Selectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: By making the formation of the CO2'- intermediate easier, [EMIM]OTf allows CO2 reduction to occur at much lower negative potentials—voltages where the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is not yet dominant.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile the [EMIM] cation does the \"heavy lifting\" at the interface, the Triflate (OTf) anion offers specific benefits compared to other ionic liquids like [EMIM][BF4]: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHydrolytic Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike BF4-, which can slowly decompose into HF in the presence of water, [OTf]- is extremely stable in aqueous mixtures. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Viscosity\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM]OTf has a relatively low viscosity for an ionic liquid, which helps maintain fast mass transport of CO2 to the electrode surface. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eConductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: It provides excellent ionic conductivity, helping to reduce the overall cell voltage and heat generation in the electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAILEMIMOTf (C-CO2RR-EA-ILEMIMOTf)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e145022-44-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC7H11F3N2O3S\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAILEMIMOTf_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771876083\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent Liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e260.23\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e[EMIM]OTf on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses HER; promotes C1 products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e[EMIM]OTf on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDramatically lowers CO onset potential.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e[EMIM]OTf on Bi Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePromotes Formate (HCOO-) production.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acscatal.4c05012\"\u003eY. Wang, et al., Descriptors for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Imidazolium-Based Electrolytes, ACS Catal. 2024, 14, 21, 16166–16174\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00696\"\u003eY. Wang, et al., Ionic Liquids Promoted Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, Chem. Rev. 2025, 125, 13, 6057–6129\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379405766886,"sku":"CCO2RREAILEMIMOTf","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAILEMIMOTf_main.png?v=1771876395"},{"product_id":"cco2rreappts","title":"PPTS (Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, \u003e98%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), CCO2RREAPPTS","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS, also named as Pyridine p-toluenesulfonate) is a specialized electrolyte additive primarily used to enhance the production of formic acid (formate) or syngas by acting as a proton relay and surface modifier. While less common than imidazolium-based ionic liquids, PPTS is valued for its ability to manage the local proton concentration at the cathode surface, which is critical for steering selectivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePPTS consists of a pyridinium cation ([PyH]+) and a p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) anion ([OTs]-). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSurface-Bound Proton Donor\u003c\/strong\u003e: The pyridinium cation can adsorb onto the catalyst surface. Because the nitrogen-bound hydrogen is acidic (pKa ~5.2), the cation acts as a local proton relay. It provides protons for the multi-step reduction of CO2 more efficiently than bulk water molecules. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Intermediate Stabilization\u003c\/strong\u003e: The [PyH]+ cation can interact electrostatically with the negatively charged CO2'- radical or the *COOH intermediate. This interaction lowers the activation energy for the formation of C-H bonds, which is the rate-determining step for formic acid production. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHER Suppression\u003c\/strong\u003e: The bulky tosylate anion and the pyridinium ring can partially block the electrode surface, displacing water molecules from the inner Helmholtz plane. This \"hydrophobic shielding\" reduces the rate of the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tosylate anion is not just a spectator; it contributes to the overall stability and effectiveness of the additive: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSolubility and Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The tosylate group ensures the salt is highly soluble in both water and organic solvents (like acetonitrile), which is useful for non-aqueous CO2 reduction. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eNon-Interfering Anion\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike halides (Cl-, I-), the tosylate anion has a low tendency to specifically adsorb and poison the catalyst surface, making the electrochemical results \"cleaner\" and easier to interpret.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAPPTS (C-CO2RR-EA-PPTS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e24057-28-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC12H13NO3S\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPPTS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771877754\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e251.30\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunction Group\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTosylate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses C2+ products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShifts toward CO or Formate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Bi Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnhances Formic Acid (HCOO-).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/anie.202216102\"\u003eW. Nie, et al., Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2023, 62, e202216102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/cc\/c5cc06961k\/unauth\"\u003eMurugavel Kathiresan, et al., Ionic liquids as an electrolyte for the electro synthesis of organic compounds, Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 17499-17516\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00696\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379486245094,"sku":"CCO2RREAPPTS","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPPTS_main.png?v=1771878487"},{"product_id":"cco2rrzbfbeaedtmpa","title":"EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine Tetramethylenephosphonic Acid, \u003e98%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR) and Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery, CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid)) is a multi-functional electrolyte additive used primarily as a metal ion sequestrant, surface modifier, and HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction) suppressor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequestration of Impurity Ions\u003c\/strong\u003e: The most critical role of EDTMPA is protecting the catalyst from poisoning. Even high-purity aqueous electrolytes (KHCO3) often contain trace amounts of transition metal ions (like Fe2+, Zn2+, or Pb2+). During long-term electrolysis, these ions deposit onto the cathode surface. EDTMPA is a powerful chelating agent that binds to these trace metal impurities in the bulk electrolyte, preventing them from electrodepositing onto the active catalyst. This is essential for maintaining the selectivity of Copper or Silver catalysts over long periods. \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: EDTMPA helps steer the reaction away from water splitting and toward CO2 conversion. The large, negatively charged EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the electrode surface. This creates a \"steric barrier\" that hinders the approach of water molecules to the active sites.  By limiting the availability of protons (H+) at the surface, EDTMPA effectively suppresses the HER, thereby increasing the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for CO2 reduction products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile for zinc-bromide flow battery, EDTMPA can be mainly used to \u003cstrong\u003econtrol zinc morphology and prevent dendrite growth\u003c\/strong\u003e, which are the leading causes of short-circuiting and capacity fade in these systems. Zinc tends to deposit unevenly, forming needle-like \"dendrites\" that can puncture the membrane. EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the high-energy sites (the \"tips\") of growing zinc crystals. This creates a local barrier that forces the zinc ions (Zn2+) to deposit on flatter, lower-energy areas instead. This results in a smooth, dense, and uniform zinc plating layer rather than a porous or \"mossy\" structure, significantly extending the cycle life of the battery. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChelating and Complexing Zn2+\u003c\/strong\u003e. The four phosphonic acid groups in EDTMPA provide strong binding sites for zinc ions. EDTMPA forms stable complexes with Zn2+ in the aqueous electrolyte. This effectively \"regulates\" the concentration of free zinc ions available at the electrode surface during charging. By controlling the rate of ion delivery to the cathode, EDTMPA helps prevent the local ion depletion that usually triggers unstable, non-planar growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAEDTMPA (C-CO2RR-EA-EDTMPA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1429-50-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC6H20N2O12P4\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAEDTMPA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771907290\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e436.12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStabilizes Cu+ species and promote the formation of multicarbon (C2) products like ethylene by preserving oxide-derived surface features.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses HER and Enhances the FE for Carbon Monoxide (CO), especially at low overpotentials where impurities usually dominate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Bi\/Sn Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuffers local pH and Helps maintain the high local pH required to stabilize Formate intermediates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA for Zinc-Br Flow Battery\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Prevents short-circuits, allowing for thousands of charge\/discharge cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Slightly increases overpotential, but results in a more stable discharge voltage profile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Protects the zinc anode from self-discharge (corrosion) during standby periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-30819-1\"\u003eZ. Han, et al., Steering surface reconstruction of copper with electrolyte additives for CO2 electroreduction, Nature Communications, 2022, 13, 3158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202418669\"\u003eW. Xia, et al., Multidentate Chelating Ligands Enable High-Performance Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries, Angew Chem Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202418669\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379602407654,"sku":"CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA_main.png?v=1771908858"},{"product_id":"cesailbmimtfsi","title":"[BMIM][TFSI] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, \u003e99.0%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, CESAILBMIMTFSI","description":"\u003cp\u003e[BMIM][TFSI] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) is one of the most versatile and commercially popular hydrophobic ionic liquids in modern electrochemistry. It is prized for its combination of a wide electrochemical stability window, high thermal stability, and significantly lower viscosity compared to other [BMIM]-based salts like [BMIM][PF6].\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-Ion and Lithium-Metal Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: [BMIM][TFSI] is used both as a co-solvent and a safety additive. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eFlame Retardancy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Even at 10–20% concentration in carbonate electrolytes, it drastically reduces flammability and vapor pressure, preventing \"thermal runaway.\" (2) \u003cstrong\u003eInterfacial Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: It helps in the formation of a robust Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). Unlike [EMIM]+ (which can exfoliate graphite), the bulkier [BMIM]+ cation is generally more compatible with carbon-based anodes when paired with appropriate film-forming additives like Vinylene Carbonate (VC). (3)\u003cstrong\u003e Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a preferred solvent for Li-S systems because it has low polysulfide solubility, which helps suppress the \"shuttle effect\" that usually kills the cycle life of these batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In CO2 reduction, [BMIM][TFSI] is often used in gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) setups. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eWater Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: Its hydrophobic nature creates a \"water-lean\" interface. This is crucial for suppressing the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), allowing for much higher Faradaic Efficiencies toward Carbon Monoxide (CO) or Ethylene. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Solubility\u003c\/strong\u003e: CO2 is significantly more soluble in [BMIM][TFSI] than in water, which helps overcome the mass-transport limitations that often restrict current density in aqueous cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors (EDLCs)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a leading electrolyte for high-voltage supercapacitors. By moving from aqueous electrolytes to [BMIM][TFSI], the cell voltage can be increased from 1.2 V to 3.2 V. Because it doesn't freeze or boil easily, [BMIM][TFSI] allows supercapacitors to operate in extreme environments (e.g., -20°C to 100°C) where water-based systems would fail.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILBMIMTFSI (C-ESA-ILBMIMTFSI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlso named as [BMIM][Tf2N]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e174899-83-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILBMIMTFSI_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771919739\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0% (Battery Grade)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWater level: \u0026lt;500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e419.36 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.45 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 or 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the [BMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlehtml\/2024\/ta\/d4ta05906a\"\u003eH. Tu, et al. Solvation and interfacial chemistry in ionic liquid based electrolytes toward rechargeable lithium-metal batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024, 12, 33362-33391\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcc.1c02898\"\u003eB. Ratschmeier, et al. Cations of Ionic Liquid Electrolytes Can Act as a Promoter for CO2 Electrocatalysis through Reactive Intermediates and Electrostatic Stabilization, J. Phys. Chem. C 2021, 125, 30, 16498–16507\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jacs.6b08795\"\u003eB. J. McNicholas, et al., Electrocatalysis of CO2 Reduction in Brush Polymer Ion Gels, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 35, 11160–11163\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202203611\"\u003eL. Sun, et al., Ionic Liquid-Based Redox Active Electrolytes for Supercapacitors, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2022, 32, 2203611\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":47380664647910,"sku":"CESAILBMIMTFSI25","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47380664680678,"sku":"CESAILBMIMTFSI100","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILBMIMTFSI_main.png?v=1771920757"},{"product_id":"cco2rreaphta","title":"PhTA (4-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole, \u003e97%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), CCO2RREAPhTA","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), 4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole (4-Ph-Trz) belongs to a class of nitrogen-heterocyclic organic additives used to refine catalyst selectivity and suppress the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).While imidazolium-based additives are more famous, triazole derivatives are gaining attention for their ability to form stable, protective layers on transition metal catalysts like Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole functions primarily as a surface-modifying agent rather than a bulk electrolyte component. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSelective Adsorption\u003c\/strong\u003e: The nitrogen atoms in the triazole ring have lone pairs that coordinate strongly with metal surfaces. The phenyl group provides a hydrophobic \"tail.\" Together, they form a self-assembled or loosely organized layer on the cathode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eProton Shielding\u003c\/strong\u003e: By covering active sites with a hydrophobic organic layer, the additive physically blocks water molecules (H2O) from reaching the catalyst surface. This effectively starves the HER, which requires water as a proton source. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eIntermediate Stabilization\u003c\/strong\u003e: The triazole ring can interact with CO reduction intermediates (like *COOH or *CO) through dipole-dipole interactions or hydrogen bonding, lowering the activation energy for CO2 conversion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe use of 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole is typically targeted at improving Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for C1 products. (1) Shifts performance toward Carbon Monoxide (CO) or Formate. (2) Reduce H2 production from \u0026gt;50% to \u0026lt;10% on certain catalysts. (3) Often allows for CO2 reduction at lower (more positive) potentials by stabilizing polar intermediates. (4) The phenyl-triazole bond is electrochemically robust, preventing the additive from degrading rapidly under high negative bias.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAPhTA (C-CO2RR-EA-PhTA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1680-44-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPhTA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771951596\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite to light yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e145.16\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e120-121 ℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jacs.5c11829?ref=recommended\"\u003eY. Shi, et al., Immobilized Azole Layer Tunes Interfacial Hydrogen Source for CO2 Electroreduction in Strong Acid, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 39, 35698–35704\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Aladdin","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47382470426854,"sku":"CCO2RREAPhTA","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPhTA_main.png?v=1771951596"},{"product_id":"cco2rreapz","title":"Piperazine (\u003e99.0%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), 50 g\/bottle, CCO2RREAPZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), Piperazine and its derivatives are utilized as specialized electrolyte additives to enhance the capture and conversion of CO2. While often associated with industrial carbon capture (amine scrubbing), piperazine plays a distinct role when added to an electrochemical cell by acting as a molecular shuttle and local pH buffer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePiperazine (C4H10N2) is a cyclic diamine. In an aqueous electrolyte, it undergoes a reversible reaction with CO2 to form carbamates. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Concentration\u003c\/strong\u003e: CO2 has low solubility in water (~34 mM). Piperazine reacts with CO2 to form a protonated carbamate, effectively \"loading\" the electrolyte with a higher concentration of carbon-carrying species than would be possible with dissolved gas alone. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSurface Delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e: The piperazine-carbamate moves to the cathode surface. Under the local electric field and the high pH environment near the electrode, the carbamate releases the CO2 molecule directly at the catalyst's active sites. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eProton Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: As a diamine, piperazine can accept and donate protons (H+). This helps manage the local pH at the interface, preventing the extreme alkalinity that often leads to unwanted carbonate precipitate formation (scaling) on the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary goal of using piperazine as an additive is to increase the Partial Current Density for carbon products while suppressing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAPZ (C-CO2RR-EA-PZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e110-85-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPZ_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771953654\"\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite to light yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e86.14\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoiling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e145-146 ℃ (lit.)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41560-025-01869-8\"\u003eP. Li, et al., Tandem amine scrubbing and CO2 electrolysis via direct piperazine carbamate reduction, Nat. Energy, 2025, 10, 1262–1273\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jacs.5c10975?ref=recommended\"\u003eS. Zheng, et al., Bidentate Piperazine Matrices Steering Interfacial Proton Flux toward Ampere-Level Ethanol Electrosynthesis in CO2 Electrolyzers, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2025, 147, 47, 43415–43423\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Sigma","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47382536716518,"sku":"CCO2RREAPZ","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPZ_main.png?v=1771953655"},{"product_id":"cssbeleapegdme","title":"PEGDME {Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether} as Solid-State Battery Electrolyte and Liquid Electrolyte Additive, 100 mL\/bottle, CSSBELEAPEGDME","description":"\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME) is a versatile \"end-capped\" polyether. Unlike standard Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), which has reactive hydroxyl (-OH) terminal groups, PEGDME replaces these with chemically inert methyl (-CH3) groups. In the battery application, this makes it an exceptional candidate for both solid-state electrolytes (SSE) and liquid electrolyte additives, particularly in Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) and Lithium-Metal batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePEGDME is rarely used as a standalone rigid solid; instead, it is used to create Plasticized Polymer Electrolytes or Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs). (1)\u003cstrong\u003e Ion Conduction Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: The oxygen atoms in the polyether chain coordinate with Li+ ions. These ions \"hop\" from one ether oxygen site to another as the polymer chains move (segmental motion). (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticization\u003c\/strong\u003e: Adding low-molecular-weight PEGDME to a rigid polymer matrix (like PEO) acts as a lubricant. It breaks down the crystallinity of the host polymer, increasing chain flexibility and boosting ionic conductivity at room temperature. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThe \"End-Cap\" Advantage\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because it lacks -OH groups, it does not react with the Lithium metal anode. This creates a much more stable interface compared to standard PEG, reducing the \"dead lithium\" formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn liquid or \"semi-solid\" systems, PEGDME is added to tune the physical properties of the electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eViscosity and Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: It has a low viscosity and high boiling point. Adding it to carbonate-based electrolytes can improve the \"wetting\" of the separator and electrodes, ensuring better ion access to the active material. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSolvent for Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S)\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME is a premier solvent for Li-S batteries because it has a high solubility for Lithium Polysulfides (Li2Sn). It helps manage the \"shuttle effect\" by stabilizing these intermediates during the charge\/discharge cycle. It has a significantly lower vapor pressure and higher flash point than traditional solvents like DMC or DEC, making the battery less prone to fire during a short circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction, PEGDME is a specialized electrolyte additive or co-solvent. Its primary role is to overcome the twin challenges of aqueous CO2RR: the low solubility of CO2 in water and the dominance of the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eEnhancing CO2 Solubility and Mass Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME has a significantly higher physical affinity for CO2 than water. Using it as an additive or co-solvent increases the local concentration of CO2 near the catalyst surface. This allows the system to reach much higher partial current densities for carbon products before becoming mass-transport limited. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME molecules adsorb onto the cathode surface, creating a \"water-lean\" or \"water-starved\" micro-environment. By physically displacing water molecules from the active sites, the additive starves the HER pathway, drastically increasing the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for products like CO or Ethylene. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eStabilization of Intermediates\u003c\/strong\u003e: The ether oxygens can stabilize the *CO2'- radical anion or the *COOH intermediate through dipole interactions. This stabilization can lower the onset potential (the energy required to start the reaction), making the process more energy-efficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 443.738px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSBELEAPEGDME (C-SSBELEA-PEGDME)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24991-55-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBELEAPEGDME_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771956526\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e530.65\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoiling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt;250 °C\/1013 hPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eViscosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 cSt (40 °C)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEGDME in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315302445\"\u003eL. Carbone, et al. Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME)-based electrolyte for lithium metal battery, J. Power Sources, 2015, 299, 460-464\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202315777\"\u003eR. A. Tong, et al. In-Situ Polymerization Confined PEGDME-Based Composite Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2315777\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jacs.5c05446\"\u003eK. K. Meng, et al., Mechanistic Insights into the Roles of Electrolyte Additives in Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2026, 148, 2, 2139–2147\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Aladdin","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47382600024294,"sku":"CSSBELEAPEGDME","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBELEAPEGDME_main.png?v=1771956527"},{"product_id":"ceeeapss","title":"PSS (Polystyrene Sulfonate) as Electrode Binder and Electrolyte Additive, 25 g\/bottle, CEEEAPSS","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemistry, Polystyrene Sulfonate (PSS)—most commonly used as its sodium salt, Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)—is a versatile anionic polyelectrolyte. Its primary function is providing a high density of fixed negative sulfonic acid groups (-SO3^-), which allows it to conduct cations while remaining structurally stable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePSS is often used as a \u003cstrong\u003ewater-soluble binder\u003c\/strong\u003e for carbon-based electrodes. Unlike traditional PVDF binders, PSS is ionically conductive. This reduces the internal resistance of the electrode by facilitating faster cation (Li+, Na+, or K+) transport through the binder network to the active material. It improves the rate capability (fast charging) of the battery and is more environmentally friendly than solvent-based binders.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePSS is increasingly used to modify the environment around CO2 reduction catalysts. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLocal pH Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: PSS can be used as an ionomer in catalyst inks to provide a high concentration of fixed negative charges. This helps repel carbonate ions (CO3^{2-}) and manage the local proton concentration. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eHydrophilicity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Its highly hydrophilic nature ensures that the catalyst layer is well-wetted in aqueous systems, maintaining a high active surface area for the reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn zinc or copper \u003cstrong\u003eelectroplating\u003c\/strong\u003e, PSS is added to the bath as a \"\u003cstrong\u003eleveling agent\u003c\/strong\u003e.\" PSS adsorbs onto the high-energy \"peaks\" of the growing metal surface, creating a local resistive barrier. This forces the metal ions to deposit in the \"valleys,\" resulting in a smooth, mirror-like finish and preventing the growth of dendrites that cause short circuits.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 443.738px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEEEAPSS (C-EEEA-PSS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e9080-79-9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e (C8H7NaO3S)n\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEEEAPSS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771962008\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMw ~10600\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e25 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PSS powder in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10800-020-01497-y\"\u003eF. Markoulidis, et al. Electrochemical double-layer capacitors with lithium-ion electrolyte and electrode coatings with PEDOT:PSS binder, J. Appl. Electrochemistry, 2021, 51, 373–385\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/anie.202412754\"\u003eA. Wang, et al. Polyelectrolyte Additive-Modulated Interfacial Microenvironment Boosting CO2 Electrolysis in Acid, Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64, e202412754\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.4c02916\"\u003eG. Wang, et al., Modulating Interfacial Hydrogen-Bond Environment by Electrolyte Engineering Promotes Acidic CO2 Electrolysis, ACS Catal. 2024, 14, 14, 10529–10537\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Aladdin","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47382905880806,"sku":"CEEEAPSS","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEEEAPSS_main.png?v=1771962008"},{"product_id":"cesailbmimdca","title":"[BMIM][DCA] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, \u003e99.0%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, CESAILBMIMDCA","description":"\u003cp\u003e[BMIM][DCA] (1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide) is a unique, low-viscosity ionic liquid that is increasingly popular in electrochemical research. Unlike many \"first-generation\" ionic liquids (like those based on [PF6]- or [TFSI]-, dicyanamide-based salts are known for their exceptionally high ionic conductivity and relatively low cost.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: [BMIM][DCA] is a powerful additive for CO2 reduction on Silver (Ag) and Gold (Au) catalysts. The dicyanamide anion has a strong affinity for CO2 molecules. When paired with the [BMIM]+ cation, it helps stabilize the *CO2'- intermediate at the catalyst surface.  It is specifically noted for achieving very high Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for Carbon Monoxide (CO) at extremely low overpotentials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because of its high ionic conductivity and low viscosity, [BMIM][DCA] is an excellent electrolyte for high-power supercapacitors. The low viscosity allows for fast ion movement into the pores of activated carbon electrodes, enabling faster charging and discharging than more viscous ILs. While its voltage window (~3.0 V) is narrower than [TFSI]-based systems, it is still more than double that of aqueous electrolytes, significantly boosting energy density.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILBMIMDCA (C-ESA-ILBMIMDCA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e448245-52-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e15\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILBMIMDCA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771998303\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLight yellow liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWater level: \u0026lt;500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e205.26 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5 g\/bottle (25 g also can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the [BMIM][DCA] ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.3c00035\"\u003eS. S. Golru, et al. Modifying Copper Local Environment with Electrolyte Additives to Alter CO2 Electroreduction vs Hydrogen Evolution, ACS Catal. 2023, 13, 12, 7831–7843\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.9b12913\"\u003eM. Forsyth, et al. Tuning Sodium Interfacial Chemistry with Mixed-Anion Ionic Liquid Electrolytes, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 46, 43093–43106\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcb.8b08859\"\u003eQ. Huang, et al., Solvation Structure and Dynamics of Li+ in Ternary Ionic Liquid–Lithium Salt Electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem. B 2019, 123, 2, 516–527\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47384148738278,"sku":"CESAILBMIMDCA","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILBMIMDCA_main.png?v=1771998304"},{"product_id":"cesailemimdca","title":"[EMIM][DCA] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide, \u003e99.0%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, CESAILEMIMDCA","description":"\u003cp\u003e[EMIM][DCA] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide) is a high-performance ionic liquid characterized by its exceptionally low viscosity and high ionic conductivity. Because the DCA (N(CN)2^-) anion is small and highly mobile, this fluid is one of the most \"water-like\" ionic liquids in terms of transport properties, while still offering the benefits of a wide electrochemical window and low volatility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM][DCA] is a standout performer in CO2 reduction, particularly when used as a co-catalytic additive. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eOverpotential Reduction\u003c\/strong\u003e: The [EMIM]+ cation and [DCA]- anion work synergistically to stabilize the CO2'- radical intermediate at the electrode surface. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEfficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is highly effective at promoting Carbon Monoxide (CO) production on Silver (Ag) or Gold (Au) catalysts with high Faradaic Efficiency (\u0026gt;90%) at significantly lower energy costs (lower overpotentials) than aqueous salts alone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh-Power Supercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because ionic conductivity is the limiting factor for supercapacitor power, [EMIM][DCA] is a premier choice for these devices. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eFast Charge\/Discharge\u003c\/strong\u003e: The low viscosity allows ions to rapidly enter and exit the microscopic pores of activated carbon electrodes. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Energy Density\u003c\/strong\u003e: It allows for a cell voltage of ~3.0 V, which stores significantly more energy than aqueous electrolytes (limited to 1.2 V) while maintaining high power capability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMDCA (C-ESA-ILEMIMDCA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e370865-89-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e11\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMDCA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771999553\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYellow to orange liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWater level: \u0026lt;500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e177.21 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5 g\/bottle (25 g also can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the [EMIM][DCA] ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aenm.202003521\"\u003eN. Karimi, et al. Nonfluorinated Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries: Ionic Conduction, Electrochemistry, and Interphase Formation, Adv. Energy Mater., 2021, 11, 2003521\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/smll.202311353\"\u003eJ. Wang, et al. Nanostructure and Dynamics of Aprotic Ionic Liquids at Graphite Electrodes as a Function of Potential, Small 2024, 20, 2311353\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0121714jes\/meta\"\u003eX. Xie, et al., Ionic Liquids Electrodeposition of Sn with Different Structures as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc.,2017, 164, D945\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47384322539750,"sku":"CESAILEMIMDCA","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMDCA_main.png?v=1771999554"},{"product_id":"cbco2rreapds","title":"PDS (Phenyl disulfide, \u003e99.0%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for Battery and CO2RR, CBCO2RREAPDS","description":"\u003cp\u003ePhenyl disulfide (also known as Diphenyl disulfide, Ph2S2) is an organosulfur compound that has emerged as a dual-purpose additive in carbon-based energy systems. In both CO2 reduction and Li-CO2 batteries, it functions primarily as a redox mediator and surface modifier, though its specific role shifts depending on the electrochemical environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs for \u003cstrong\u003eLi-S batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e, phenyl disulfide acts as a chemical \"scissor\" to manage the \"shuttle effect\" and the sluggish kinetics of solid-state conversion. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCleaving Polysulfides\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ph2S2 can undergo an exchange reaction with long-chain lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn). It cleaves the large molecules into smaller, more soluble organosulfur fragments (PhSnLi). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eImproving Kinetics\u003c\/strong\u003e: By converting solid Li2S or Li2S2 into more soluble organolithium thiolates, it reduces the \"dead sulfur\" that typically accumulates on the cathode, improving capacity and rate performance. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLowering Viscosity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The resulting organosulfur species often lead to a less viscous electrolyte compared to one saturated with inorganic polysulfides, facilitating faster ion transport.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLi-CO2 Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: As for Li-CO2 batteries, the primary challenge is the slow kinetics of the discharge product formation (Li2CO3) and its subsequent decomposition during charging. Phenyl disulfide acts as a Redox Mediator (RM). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDischarge (Oxygen\/CO2 Reduction)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phenyl disulfide can help stabilize superoxide-like intermediates in the electrolyte. This promotes a solution-mediated pathway for the formation of Li2CO3, leading to large, crystalline discharge products rather than a thin, insulating film that \"chokes\" the cathode. (2) Charge (Oxygen\/CO2 Evolution): The most critical role of Ph2S2 in Li-CO2 batteries is reducing the massive charging overpotential (often \u0026gt;4.0 V). The disulfide can be electrochemically oxidized at the cathode to form a radical cation or a thiosulfonate species. This oxidized species then chemically reacts with the solid Li2CO3 to decompose it, effectively acting as a \"chemical catalyst\" that lowers the voltage required to \"clean\" the cathode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical CO2 Reduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In aqueous or organic CO2RR, phenyl disulfide is used to tune the selectivity of transition metal catalysts, particularly Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eS-Metal Interaction\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phenyl disulfide can undergo reductive cleavage of the S-S bond at the cathode, forming thiolate species (PhS-) that chemisorb strongly onto the catalyst surface. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Selective Poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e: This adsorbed layer \"poisons\" the active sites usually responsible for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). By suppressing H2 production, the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for carbon products (like CO or HCOO-) is significantly increased. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Effects\u003c\/strong\u003e: The sulfur atoms modify the d-band center of the metal catalyst. In some copper-based systems, this has been shown to stabilize the *CO intermediate, favoring C-C coupling and promoting the formation of Ethylene (C2H4).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBCO2RREAPDS (C-BCO2RR-EA-PDS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e882-33-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSSC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RRLCBEAPDS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1772004175\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e218.34 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle (250g, 1 kg, and 5 kg also can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PDS powder in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/aenm.201900453\"\u003eR. Pipes, et al. Phenyl Disulfide Additive for Solution-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Utilization in Li–CO2 Batteries, Adv Energy Mater., 2019, 9, 1900453\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775320312660\"\u003eX. Zhang, et al. Promoting the conversion of Li2S by functional additives phenyl diselenide in Lithium–Sulfur batteries, J. Power Sources, 2021, 482, 228967\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/o9\/d4ee04739g\/unauth\"\u003eX. Li. Hoang, et al., Exploiting thiolate\/disulfide redox couples toward large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release, Energy Environ. Sci., 2025,18, 2584-2598\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47384460624102,"sku":"CBCO2RREAPDS","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBCO2RREAPDS_main.png?v=1772004970"}],"url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/electrolyte-additives-1.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}