{"title":"Electrolytes for Col Redox Flow Battery","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe electrolyte is the heart of a redox flow battery — it stores the energy, sets the cell voltage, and determines cycle life.\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection groups the electrolyte materials and supporting chemicals we stock for flow-battery research, alongside neighbouring electrolyte families (lithium-ion, sodium-ion, potassium-ion, solid-state, protonic ceramic) that researchers commonly benchmark against when scaling redox-flow chemistries from coin-cell screening to single-cell stacks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse this page as the starting point if you are building or characterising aqueous and non-aqueous flow electrolytes. The materials here cover three broad workflows:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eActive-species and salt screening\u003c\/strong\u003e — conducting salts (LiPF6, KPF6) and reference solvents that are routinely repurposed as supporting electrolytes when building model flow systems for kinetic and transport studies.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolvent and additive formulation\u003c\/strong\u003e — carbonate solvents such as propylene carbonate, piperidinium ionic liquids (PP13TFSI) for non-aqueous flow chemistries, and interphase-forming additives (DENE, TMSB, NaDFOB, phenyl disulfide) used to stabilise electrode surfaces in posolyte and negolyte half-cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSolid-state and ceramic membranes\u003c\/strong\u003e — perovskite-type LLTO, thio-LISICON-family LGPS, and the protonic-ceramic electrolyte BZCYYb, useful as reference materials when comparing membrane transport against ion-exchange separators in flow cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor redox-flow work specifically, the most relevant items are the high-purity carbonate solvents (for non-aqueous organic flow chemistries), the piperidinium ionic liquid (for wide-window non-aqueous posolytes), and the borate \/ oxalatoborate additives that stabilise carbon current collectors against parasitic oxidation. The polysiloxane (PDMS) host is included for researchers exploring quasi-solid or gel-polymer flow concepts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvery product listed here is offered in research-scale packaging suitable for half-cell, single-cell, and small-stack experiments. Concrete formulation guidance — molarities, solvent ratios, and additive loadings — lives on each product page.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are formulating an aqueous vanadium or iron-chromium electrolyte, start with the supporting salts and additives in this collection and pair them with the membranes in \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/redox-flow-battery\"\u003eRedox Flow Battery\u003c\/a\u003e. If you are exploring non-aqueous organic or metal-coordination flow chemistries, begin with the carbonate solvents and the piperidinium ionic liquid, then branch into \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrolyte-additives\"\u003eElectrolyte Additives\u003c\/a\u003e and \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/solvents\"\u003eSolvents\u003c\/a\u003e for full formulation. For solid-state benchmarking, see \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/solid-state-electrolytes\"\u003eSolid-State Electrolytes\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"cfbefcspeekp","title":"Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK, NEXIONIC) Powder for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCSPEEKP","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) in powder form is a versatile ion-exchange material used to fabricate membranes for fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water electrolysis. It is favored as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to perfluorinated membranes like Nafion. SPEEK is produced by the sulfonation of PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) powder. PEEK itself is hydrophobic and non-conductive; by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) are attached to the polymer backbone. Its main application in electrochemistry is as ion-exchange membrane for redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCSPEEKP (C-FBEFC-SPEEKP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/SPEEK_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768579884\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white to slight yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfonation Degree \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60% (Other sulfonation degrees, such as 50 %, 70%, 80% can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolubility\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissolved in NMP, DMSO, DMF solvents\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003eQ. Luo, et al., Preparation and characterization of Nafion\/SPEEK layered composite membrane and its application in vanadium redox flow battery, J. Membrane Sci., 2008, 325, 553-558\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003eT. Huang, et al., Impact of SPEEK on PEEK membranes: Demixing, morphology and performance enhancement in lithium membrane extraction, J. Membrane Sci., 2020, 615, 118448.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YYSJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47272369684710,"sku":"CFBEFCSPEEKP","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCSPEEKP_main.png?v=1768542407"},{"product_id":"cvrfbae","title":"Aqueous Electrolyte (1.7 M, V3.5+) for Long-Life Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, 500 mL\/bottle, CVRFBAE","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), the electrolyte is unique because it utilizes the same element—vanadium—in four different oxidation states across both the positive and negative halves of the cell. This design eliminates the risk of cross-contamination that plagues other flow battery chemistries. The standard VRFB electrolyte consists of vanadium ions dissolved in a supporting acid solution: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically ranges from 1.5 M to 2.0 M for commercial applications to balance energy density and stability. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSupporting Electrolyte\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually 3.0 M to 5.0 M Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eAdditives\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phosphoric acid or other stabilizers are often added in small quantities to prevent the vanadium from precipitating out of the solution at high temperatures (above 40°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBAE (C-VRFB-AE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack (or dark blue) solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.38 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7 mol\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Vanadium Valence State\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+3.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfate Ion Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.2 mol\/L\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531102283X\"\u003eX. Ma, et al., An optimal strategy of electrolyte flow rate for vanadium redox flow battery, J. Power Sources, 2012, 203, 153-158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1364032116309340\"\u003eC. Choi, et al., A review of vanadium electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 69, 263-274\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47309480722662,"sku":"CVRFBAE","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBAE_main.png?v=1769796005"},{"product_id":"czbrfbae","title":"Aqueous Electrolyte (2.0 M ZnBr2) for Zn-Br2 Redox Flow Battery, 500 mL\/bottle, CZBRFBAE","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn a Zinc-Bromine (Zn-Br2) flow battery, the electrolyte plays a dual role: it acts as the source of active materials and the medium for energy storage. Unlike \"all-liquid\" systems like Vanadium, the Zn-Br2 battery is a hybrid flow battery because the zinc is stored as a solid metal on the electrode during charging. The electrolyte is typically a single aqueous solution shared by both the positive and negative loops. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMain Salt\u003c\/strong\u003e: 1.0 M to 3.0 M Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2) dissolved in water. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSupporting Salts\u003c\/strong\u003e: Potassium chloride (KCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) are often added to improve the ionic conductivity of the solution. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eComplexing Agents\u003c\/strong\u003e: Quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., MEP or MEM) are essential additives. They bind with the liquid bromine (Br2) produced during charging to form a dense, oily \"polybromide\" phase that sinks to the bottom of the tank, preventing self-discharge and reducing toxic bromine vapors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCZBRFBAE (C-ZBRFB-AE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack (or dark blue) solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.38 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0 mol\/L ZnBr2 (KCl as supporting component, and MEP complex agent)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323005876\"\u003eH. Park, et al., Synergistic effect of electrolyte additives on the suppression of dendrite growth in a flowless membraneless Zn–Br2 battery, J. Power Sources, 2023, 580, 233212\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775324013879\"\u003eR. Wang, et al., A voltage-decoupled Zn-Br2 flow battery for large-scale energy storage, J. Power Sources, 2024, 623, 235435\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YLDCYJS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47309550289126,"sku":"CZBRFBAE","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBAE_main.png?v=1769932344"},{"product_id":"czbrfbbcamep","title":"MEP (N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium bromide, 99.5%) as Bromine Complexing Agent for Zn-Br2 Redox Flow Battery, 50 g\/bottle, CZBRFBBCAMEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Zinc-Bromine (Zn-Br2) batteries, MEP (N-methyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide, or called N-Ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide) is the industry-standard Bromine Complexing Agent (BCA). It is a quaternary ammonium salt used to manage the hazardous and highly reactive elemental bromine generated during the charging process. The roles of MEP in Zn-Br2 Batteries are mainly displayed as below: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Discharge\u003c\/strong\u003e: Free Br2 can diffuse through the separator to the zinc anode, where it reacts directly with the metallic zinc, causing rapid energy loss. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSafety Hazards\u003c\/strong\u003e: Br2 has a high vapor pressure (13 mbar at 20°C); it easily evaporates into a toxic red-brown gas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen Br2 is produced at the cathode during charge, it immediately reacts with the MEP molecules in the electrolyte to form polybromides (like [MEP]Br3 or [MEP]Br5). These complexes are: \u003cstrong\u003eImmiscible\u003c\/strong\u003e: They form a dense, oily red liquid phase that sinks to the bottom of the electrolyte tank. \u003cstrong\u003eStable\u003c\/strong\u003e: They significantly reduce the vapor pressure of the bromine, making the battery much safer. \u003cstrong\u003eReversible\u003c\/strong\u003e: During discharge, the oily phase is pumped back to the electrode, where the bromine is released and reduced back to bromide ions (Br-).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCZBRFBBCAMEP (C-ZBRFB-BCAMEP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white powder (or light yellow)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e69227-51-6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e C7H16BrN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBBCAMEP_chemical_structure_160x160.png?v=1769933752\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e194.11\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/smll.202307627\"\u003eM. Zhao, et al., A Choline-Based Antifreezing Complexing Agent with Selective Compatibility for Zn–Br2 Flow Batteries, Small, 2024, 20, 2307627\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323005876\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsenergylett.5c02463\"\u003eY. Liu, et al., Synergistic Electrolyte Design for High-Performance Static Zinc–Bromine Batteries, ACS Energy Lett. 2025, 10, 11, 5809–5824\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YLDCYJS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47313052467430,"sku":"CZBRFBBCAMEP","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBBCAMEP_main.png?v=1769933752"},{"product_id":"cco2rrzbfbeaedtmpa","title":"EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine Tetramethylenephosphonic Acid, \u003e98%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR) and Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery, CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid)) is a multi-functional electrolyte additive used primarily as a metal ion sequestrant, surface modifier, and HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction) suppressor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequestration of Impurity Ions\u003c\/strong\u003e: The most critical role of EDTMPA is protecting the catalyst from poisoning. Even high-purity aqueous electrolytes (KHCO3) often contain trace amounts of transition metal ions (like Fe2+, Zn2+, or Pb2+). During long-term electrolysis, these ions deposit onto the cathode surface. EDTMPA is a powerful chelating agent that binds to these trace metal impurities in the bulk electrolyte, preventing them from electrodepositing onto the active catalyst. This is essential for maintaining the selectivity of Copper or Silver catalysts over long periods. \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: EDTMPA helps steer the reaction away from water splitting and toward CO2 conversion. The large, negatively charged EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the electrode surface. This creates a \"steric barrier\" that hinders the approach of water molecules to the active sites.  By limiting the availability of protons (H+) at the surface, EDTMPA effectively suppresses the HER, thereby increasing the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for CO2 reduction products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile for zinc-bromide flow battery, EDTMPA can be mainly used to \u003cstrong\u003econtrol zinc morphology and prevent dendrite growth\u003c\/strong\u003e, which are the leading causes of short-circuiting and capacity fade in these systems. Zinc tends to deposit unevenly, forming needle-like \"dendrites\" that can puncture the membrane. EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the high-energy sites (the \"tips\") of growing zinc crystals. This creates a local barrier that forces the zinc ions (Zn2+) to deposit on flatter, lower-energy areas instead. This results in a smooth, dense, and uniform zinc plating layer rather than a porous or \"mossy\" structure, significantly extending the cycle life of the battery. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChelating and Complexing Zn2+\u003c\/strong\u003e. The four phosphonic acid groups in EDTMPA provide strong binding sites for zinc ions. EDTMPA forms stable complexes with Zn2+ in the aqueous electrolyte. This effectively \"regulates\" the concentration of free zinc ions available at the electrode surface during charging. By controlling the rate of ion delivery to the cathode, EDTMPA helps prevent the local ion depletion that usually triggers unstable, non-planar growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAEDTMPA (C-CO2RR-EA-EDTMPA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1429-50-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC6H20N2O12P4\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAEDTMPA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771907290\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e436.12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStabilizes Cu+ species and promote the formation of multicarbon (C2) products like ethylene by preserving oxide-derived surface features.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses HER and Enhances the FE for Carbon Monoxide (CO), especially at low overpotentials where impurities usually dominate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Bi\/Sn Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuffers local pH and Helps maintain the high local pH required to stabilize Formate intermediates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA for Zinc-Br Flow Battery\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Prevents short-circuits, allowing for thousands of charge\/discharge cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Slightly increases overpotential, but results in a more stable discharge voltage profile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Protects the zinc anode from self-discharge (corrosion) during standby periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-30819-1\"\u003eZ. Han, et al., Steering surface reconstruction of copper with electrolyte additives for CO2 electroreduction, Nature Communications, 2022, 13, 3158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202418669\"\u003eW. Xia, et al., Multidentate Chelating Ligands Enable High-Performance Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries, Angew Chem Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202418669\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379602407654,"sku":"CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA_main.png?v=1771908858"}],"url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/electrolytes-for-redox-flow-battery.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}