{"title":"Electrolytes for Col SOEC \u0026 SOFC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe electrolyte sets the operating temperature, the conduction mechanism, and ultimately the cell architecture for solid oxide and protonic ceramic devices.\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection groups the ceramic electrolyte powders we stock for SOFC, SOEC, PCFC, and PCEC research — materials whose grain chemistry, sintering behavior, and dopant strategy you typically lock in before designing electrodes or interconnects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWe organize the powders by ion-conduction mechanism, since that single choice drives nearly every downstream decision (operating window, electrode compatibility, sealing, balance-of-plant).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eProton-conducting ceramics (low- and intermediate-temperature)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eBaZrO3-BaCeO3 solid solutions (BZCY \/ BZCYYb)\u003c\/strong\u003e — perovskite-structured acceptor-doped barium zirconate-cerates. Co-doping with Y and Yb on the B-site balances the high proton conductivity of cerates against the chemical stability of zirconates in CO2- and H2O-rich atmospheres, which is why this family has become the workhorse for protonic ceramic fuel and electrolysis cells operating in the 400-600 C range.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUse these when you want sub-700 C operation, dry hydrogen on the fuel side, and steam tolerance on the air or steam side.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003ch3\u003eOxide-ion conductors (intermediate- and high-temperature)\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eYttria-stabilized and scandia-stabilized zirconias\u003c\/strong\u003e — fluorite-structured oxide-ion conductors that remain the reference electrolyte for conventional SOFC and high-temperature SOEC stacks above ~700 C.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eDoped ceria (GDC, SDC)\u003c\/strong\u003e — fluorite-type intermediate-temperature electrolytes and barrier layers; commonly paired with zirconia to block reactivity with cobaltite cathodes.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eLSGM (lanthanum strontium gallate magnesite)\u003c\/strong\u003e — perovskite oxide-ion conductor for IT-SOFC work where higher conductivity than GDC is needed without dropping into mixed conduction.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePowders ship as calcined precursors suitable for tape casting, screen printing, or pressing-and-sintering into dense electrolyte membranes; particle-size and surface-area data live on each product page.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are building a protonic ceramic cell, start with the BZCY \/ BZCYYb entries; for classical high-temperature SOFC or SOEC, begin with the zirconia and doped-ceria families. For matched electrode powders see Cathodes for SOEC \u0026amp; SOFC and Anodes for SOEC \u0026amp; SOFC; for the broader stack context see \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/soec-and-sofc\"\u003eSOEC \u0026amp; SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"csofecepeysz","title":"YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) Powder as Electrode Precursor and Electrolyte for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500\/bottle, CSOFECEPEYSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) is the fundamental electrolyte material. It serves as the \"oxygen ion highway,\" allowing O^{2-} ions to pass between electrodes while acting as a total insulator for electrons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dual roles of YSZ in SOFC\/SOEC applications. (1) As an electrolyte, the powder must be processed into a gas-tight membrane. YSZ works via \"vacancy hopping.\" Y^{3+} ions create empty spaces in the crystal lattice that O^{2-} ions \"jump\" into. Moreover, high-purity YSZ prevents internal short-circuits. (2) YSZ powder is mixed with NiO (for the anode) or LSM\/LSCF (for the cathode) to create a composite.By mixing YSZ into the electrode, the reaction zone (Triple Phase Boundary) is pushed deeper into the electrode volume rather than being stuck at the electrolyte interface. Moreover, YSZ keeps the electrodes from peeling off (delaminating) because it matches the expansion of the electrolyte layer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPEYSZ (C-SOEFC-EPE-YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e114168-16-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Y2O3)x(ZrO2)1-x (x= 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08)\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_04_240x240.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~349.03 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro-Size: 2-4 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNano-Size: 10-15 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eeg: 8YSZ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_03_160x160.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eYSZ Powder Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2 um)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(4) Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(5) Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(6) Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZKTPXC","offers":[{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840127718,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974312678,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840160486,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974345446,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454974378214,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974410982,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974902502,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454974935270,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974968038,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975000806,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454975033574,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975066342,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_main.png?v=1773606539"},{"product_id":"citsofecocegdc","title":"GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCEGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria)—also known as CGO—is the primary alternative to the traditional YSZ electrolyte. It is the material of choice for Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation, as it solves the conductivity bottleneck that occurs when YSZ is used below 750 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC is favored for its superior oxygen ion (O^{2-}) conductivity at reduced temperatures. At 600 °C, GDC has an ionic conductivity comparable to YSZ at 800 °C (~0.01 S\/cm to 0.1 S\/cm). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eIntermediate Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e (500°C–700°C): Lowering the temperature allows for the use of cheaper stainless steel interconnects and reduces the rate of material degradation and thermal stress. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: Doping Ceria (CeO2) with Gadolinium (Gd^{3+}) creates oxygen vacancies in the fluorite lattice. Because Gd^{3+} has a very similar ionic radius to Ce^{4+}, it minimizes lattice strain, leading to a high mobility of oxygen ions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECOCEGDC (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-GDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) GDC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-9 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773704710\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_04_Condictivity_160x160.png?v=1773704710\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 (100 g)","offer_id":47458658975974,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC10100","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC10 (500 g)","offer_id":47458659008742,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC10500","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 (100 g)","offer_id":47458659205350,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC20100","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 (500 g)","offer_id":47458659238118,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC20500","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_main.png?v=1773703481"},{"product_id":"citsofecocessz","title":"SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCESSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"81\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eSSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia)\u003c\/strong\u003e, also known as \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"130\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eScSZ\u003c\/strong\u003e, is the high-performance alternative to YSZ.It is widely considered the \"gold standard\" for \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"228\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eIntermediate Temperature (IT)\u003c\/strong\u003e operation (\u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"269\" data-math=\"600\\text{--}800\\text{°C}\"\u003e600-800 °C\u003c\/span\u003e) due to its significantly higher ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary reason to use SSZ is that it offers 3 to 4 times the oxygen ion conductivity of 8YSZ at the same temperature. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eRadius Advantage\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Sc^{3+} ion (0.87 Å) has an ionic radius much closer to the Zr^{4+} ion (0.84 Å) than Y^{3+} does. This creates a more \"open\" and less strained crystal lattice, allowing oxygen vacancies to move with much lower resistance. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Intermediate Temperature Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 650 °C, the conductivity of SSZ is roughly equivalent to that of YSZ at 800 °C. This allows for high power densities in SOFCs and efficient hydrogen production in SOECs without the extreme heat that accelerates material degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCESSZ (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-SSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.9%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Sc\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e(CeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.01\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther chemical formula with various customized ratios can be supplied upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_04_PSD_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_05_Conductivity_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360544215008658\"\u003eA. Mahmood, et al., High-performance solid oxide electrolysis cell based on ScSZ\/GDC (scandia-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinium-doped ceria) bi-layered electrolyte and LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) oxygen electrode, Energy, 2015, 90, 344-350\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925838809026875\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., Investigation of (CeO2)x(Sc2O3)(0.11−x)(ZrO2)0.89 (x = 0.01–0.10) electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, J. Alloys Compounds, 2010, 502, 319-323\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47458726510822,"sku":"CITSOFECOCESSZ","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_main.png?v=1773706415"},{"product_id":"citsofecocesdc","title":"SDC (Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCESDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), SDC (Samarium-Doped Ceria) is a high-performance electrolyte and electrode component specifically designed for Intermediate and Low-Temperature operation (450°C–650°C). Formulated as Ce(1-x)SmxO(2-x) (typically SDC20, where x=0.2), it is widely considered the superior version of GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) for maximizing ionic conductivity at the lower end of the thermal spectrum.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSDC offers the highest ionic conductivity among the ceria-based electrolytes. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLattice Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: The ionic radius of Sm^{3+} ($1.079 Å) is the closest match to Ce^{4+} (0.97 Å) among all rare-earth dopants. This minimize the \"elastic strain\" in the crystal lattice. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Association Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because the strain is minimized, the energy required for an oxygen ion to \"break away\" from a vacancy and hop to the next site is very low. (3) \u003cstrong\u003ePerformance\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 600°C, SDC provides significantly lower ohmic resistance than YSZ, enabling higher power densities without the need for extreme heat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCESDC (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-SDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.9%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSDC20: Sm\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e1.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther chemical formula with various customized ratios can be supplied upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4-0.7 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~13.8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.032206jes\/meta\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., An Efficient SOFC Based on Samaria-Doped Ceria (SDC) Electrolyte, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159, B661\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468616326597\"\u003eK. Shimura, et al., Effect of samaria-doped ceria (SDC) interlayer on the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ\/SDC composite oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide fuel cells, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 225, 114-120\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47458906800358,"sku":"CITSOFECOCESDC","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESDC_main.png?v=1773709736"},{"product_id":"citsofecocelsgm","title":"LSGM (La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCELSGM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSGM (Lanthanum Strontium Gallium Magnesium Gallate) is considered the \"ultimate\" oxide-ion conductor. Formulated as La(1-x)SrxGa(1-y)MgyO(3-x), it is a perovskite electrolyte designed specifically to outperform YSZ and GDC in the Intermediate Temperature (IT) range (600 °C–800 °C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSGM is favored because it possesses higher ionic conductivity than YSZ across all temperatures, without the electronic leakage issues that plague GDC in reducing environments. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuperior Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 650 °C, LSGM has roughly double the conductivity of SSZ and nearly ten times that of YSZ. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePure Ionic Conductor\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike Ceria-based electrolytes (GDC\/SDC), LSGM maintains a high electrolytic domain. This means it remains a pure ionic conductor even under low oxygen partial pressures (the fuel side), allowing for a high Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) near the theoretical limit (~1.1 V). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eWide Operating Range\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is effective from 500 °C to 800 °C, making it the most versatile electrolyte for high-efficiency IT-SOFCs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCELSGM (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-LSGM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3-0.7 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468623009295\"\u003eS. Kim, et al., Revolutionizing hydrogen production with LSGM-based solid oxide electrolysis cells: An innovative approach by sonic spray, Electrochimica Acta, 2023, 463, 142751\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806000956\"\u003eK. Y. Kim, et al., Characterization of the electrode and electrolyte interfaces of LSGM-based SOFCs, Silid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2155-2158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459088662758,"sku":"CITSOFECOCELSGM","price":269.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCELSGM_main.png?v=1773723083"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzcy","title":"BZCY (BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ) Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZCY","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), BZCY (Barium Zirconate Cerate Yttrate)—typically formulated as BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O(3-x), is the leading Proton-Conducting Electrolyte. While traditional SOFCs (like YSZ) rely on the movement of heavy oxygen ions (O^{2-}), BZCY allows for the transport of small, highly mobile Protons (H+). This fundamental shift in charge carrier enables efficient operation at significantly lower temperatures (400°C–600°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing protons instead of oxygen ions provides three transformative benefits for fuel cell and electrolysis technology: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLower Activation Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Protons are the smallest possible ions. Because of their size, they \"hop\" through the crystal lattice with much less resistance than large oxygen ions, allowing for high power densities at intermediate temperatures. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eFuel Side Product Generation (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In a proton-conducting SOFC (PC-SOFC), water is formed at the cathode (air side) rather than the anode. This prevents the fuel (hydrogen) from being diluted by water vapor, maintaining a high Nernst potential throughout the cell. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDirect Pressurized Hydrogen (SOEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In electrolysis mode (SOEC), pure hydrogen is produced on the cathode side, while steam is fed to the anode. This simplifies the separation process and allows for the production of dry, high-purity hydrogen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZCY is a solid solution of Barium Cerate (BaCeO3) and Barium Zirconate (BaZrO3): (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBarium Cerate (C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides exceptionally high proton conductivity but is chemically unstable; it reacts with CO2 to form BaCO3, causing the cell to crumble. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eBarium Zirconate (Z)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Is extremely stable against CO2 and moisture but has very poor conductivity due to high grain-boundary resistance. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHybrid (BZCY)\u003c\/strong\u003e: By combining them, BZCY achieves a \"sweet spot\"—it retains the high conductivity of the cerate while the zirconate fraction provides the chemical robustness needed to survive in real-world environments containing CO2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZCY (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZCY)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-30 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0891805jes\/meta\"\u003eT. Kobayashi, et al., Analysis of the Anode Reaction of Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells with BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.2O3-δ Electrolytes and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ Anodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2018, 165, F342\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c00569\"\u003eH. Toriumi, et al., Enhanced Performance of Protonic Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis Cell of Zr-Rich Side BaZr0.6Ce0.2Y0.2O3−δ Electrolyte with an Anode Functional Layer,  ACS Omega 2022, 7, 11, 9944–9950\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459153871078,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCY","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCY_main.png?v=1773729306"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzy","title":"BZY (BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ) Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZY","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the evolving landscape of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), BZY (Barium Zirconate Yttrate, also called Yttria-doped Barium Zirconate)—typically formulated as BaZr0.8Y0.2O(3-x), is the \"chemical fortress\" of proton-conducting electrolytes. While BZCY (which contains Cerium) is more conductive, BZY is often preferred for industrial applications because of its unparalleled chemical and mechanical stability, especially in environments containing high levels of CO2 or steam.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary reason to choose BZY over other proton conductors is its stability. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike Barium Cerate-based materials, BZY does not react with Carbon Dioxide to form Barium Carbonate (BaCO3). This makes it the only viable proton-conducting electrolyte for cells running on hydrocarbons (like methane) or in SOEC mode where CO2 co-electrolysis is performed. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e: BZY possesses superior mechanical strength and fracture toughness compared to Ceria-based electrolytes, which is critical for long-term stack durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZY operates via the transport of protons (H+) through the oxygen vacancies created by Yttrium doping. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eProtonic SOFC (PC-SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Protons travel from the anode to the cathode and water forms at the cathode. This is a massive benefit because the fuel (hydrogen) remains pure and undiluted, leading to higher efficiency and easier fuel recycling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eProtonic SOEC (PC-SOEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Steam is fed to the anode, where it is split into O2 and H+. Protons travel through the BZY to the cathode to form dry, pure H2 gas. This eliminates the need for expensive hydrogen drying stages required in traditional SOEC systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZY (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZY)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-30 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1452398123000548\"\u003eY. Huang, et al., Performance study of proton conducting electrolytes based on BaZr1−xYxO3-δ for solid oxide electrolysis cell, I. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2023, 18, 100033\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsaem.2c02995\"\u003eY. Xing, et al., Designing High Interfacial Conduction beyond Bulk via Engineering the Semiconductor–Ionic Heterostructure CeO2−δ\/BaZr0.8Y0.2O3 for Superior Proton Conductive Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis Applications, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 12, 15373–15384\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459373908198,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZY","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZY_main.png?v=1773731143"},{"product_id":"csofecesysz","title":"YSZ (55 wt%) Electrolyte Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESYSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a YSZ slurry is the liquid suspension of YSZ powder, solvents, and chemical additives used to create the ceramic layers of the cell. Regarding the 8YSZ for the electrolyte, the quality of the slurry determines the final density, thickness, and mechanical integrity of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance slurry is a complex chemical system. Each additive has a specific role in ensuring the YSZ particles remain suspended and flow correctly during deposition. For example: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESYSZ_02_160x160.png?v=1773788462\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlurry Requirements by Deposition Method\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting (for Electrolyte Sheets)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Moderate to high (1000-5000 mPa·s.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: A \"honey-like\" consistency that can be spread into a perfectly flat, thin green tape (10-200 um.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: High binder\/plasticizer content is needed so the tape can be peeled off the carrier film without tearing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen Printing (for Functional Layers)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Very high (\"Paste\" or \"Ink\" consistency).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: Thixotropic behavior—the slurry should flow easily through the mesh under the squeegee but stay exactly where it is printed without \"bleeding.\"\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: Solvent evaporation must be slow (e.g., using Terpineol) to prevent the screen from clogging during a long production run.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eDip Coating or Spraying (for Tubular Cells)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Low (10-100 mPa·s}.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: A watery suspension that can coat a support tube evenly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: Requires very fine YSZ particles (\u0026lt;0.3 um) to keep the powder from settling at the bottom of the container.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESYSZ (C-SOFEC-ES-YSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepeysz?variant=47454840127718\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e (BaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ)\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e55 wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461133123814,"sku":"CSOFECESYSZ","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESYSZ_main.png?v=1773800150"},{"product_id":"citsofecesgdc","title":"GDC (55 wt%) Electrolyte Slurry for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECESGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) slurry is a suspension of GDC powder in an organic or aqueous vehicle. Depending on its formulation, it is used to create the main electrolyte for intermediate-temperature cells or a dense barrier layer to prevent chemical reactions between YSZ and cobalt-based cathodes. GDC slurries are particularly sensitive to processing because Ceria-based materials are notoriously difficult to densify at temperatures below 1400 °C without specific additives. The \"recipe\" for a GDC slurry changes drastically depending on whether you are using Tape Casting (to make a support) or Screen Printing (to make a thin film).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eA major challenge with GDC slurries is that \"pure\" GDC requires sintering at 1400 °C–1500 °C to become gas-tight. It has been demonstrated that the sintering aids in the slurry can lower the sintering temperature to 1100 °C–1250 °C. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTransition Metals\u003c\/strong\u003e: Adding 0.5-2.0 mol% of Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), or Copper (Cu) to the slurry can drop the sintering temperature by hundreds of degrees. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLithium (Li)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lithium nitrate or oxide is often used in GDC slurries for metal-supported cells, allowing densification at temperatures as low as 950 °C, which protects the metal substrate from oxidation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eWhen using LSCF or LSC cathodes on a YSZ electrolyte, a GDC slurry is highly recommended to build a buffer layer. (2) \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\"Strontium Trap\":\u003c\/b\u003e Without this GDC layer, Strontium from the cathode reacts with the YSZ electrolyte to form \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"SrZrO_3\" data-index-in-node=\"113\"\u003eSrZrO3\u003c\/span\u003e, an insulator that kills cell performance. (2) \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSlurry Density:\u003c\/b\u003e The barrier layer slurry must be formulated to be perfectly dense. Any porosity in this layer allows the Strontium to \"leak\" through and react with the YSZ.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECESGDC (C-ITSOFEC-ES-GDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material in Slurry\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) GDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) GDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e55 wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 {(Gd0.10Ce0.90)O1.95}","offer_id":47461620973798,"sku":"CITSOFECESGDC10","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 {(Gd0.20Ce0.80)O1.95}","offer_id":47461621006566,"sku":"CITSOFECESGDC20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESGDC_main.png?v=1773806973"},{"product_id":"citsofeclsgmed","title":"LSGM Electrolyte Disk for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC Button Cell Test, CITSOFECLSGMED","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the testing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSGM electrolyte disk (typically La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3) is used as the high-performance structural support for \"button cells.\" Because LSGM is a superior oxide-ion conductor to YSZ at intermediate temperatures, these disks allow researchers to study electrode kinetics at 600 °C–700°C without the massive ohmic losses of zirconia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a standard laboratory button cell test, LSGM disks usually follow these parameters: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDiameter\u003c\/strong\u003e: 20 mm or 25 mm (Standard for ProboStat or NorECs test fixtures). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 200 um to 500 um (Electrolyte-supported configuration). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026gt;98% of theoretical density (must be helium leak-tight). (4) \u003cstrong\u003eSurface Finish\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lapped or polished to ensure a flat interface for screen-printing electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECLSGMED (C-ITSOFEC-LSGMED)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocelsgm?variant=47459088662758\"\u003eLSGM\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Disk Size\/Thickness\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D15 mm + T300 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D15 mm + T400 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) D15 mm + T550 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) D20 mm + T550 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468623009295\"\u003eS. Kim, et al., Revolutionizing hydrogen production with LSGM-based solid oxide electrolysis cells: An innovative approach by sonic spray, Electrochimica Acta, 2023, 463, 142751\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806000956\"\u003eK. Y. Kim, et al., Characterization of the electrode and electrolyte interfaces of LSGM-based SOFCs, Silid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2155-2158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"D15 mm + T300 um","offer_id":47463438156006,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T300","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D15 mm + T400 um","offer_id":47463438188774,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T400","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D15 mm + T550 um","offer_id":47463445135590,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T550","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D20 mm + T550 um","offer_id":47463445168358,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD20T550","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECBCTLSGMED_main.png?v=1773861229"},{"product_id":"csofec8yszep","title":"8YSZ Electrolyte Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFEC8YSZEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte pellet (typically 8YSZ) serves as the structural foundation for \"button cell\" testing. These pellets are used in electrolyte-supported configurations to isolate and study the performance of new anode and cathode materials. Because YSZ is chemically inert and mechanically robust, it is the global baseline against which all other electrolyte materials are measured.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor reliable electrochemical testing, the YSZ pellet must meet strict physical standards to ensure gas tightness and consistent ohmic resistance: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eComposition\u003c\/strong\u003e: 8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ). This provides the highest ionic conductivity in the zirconia family. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually 20 mm or 25 mm in diameter. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 150 um to 500 um. Thinner pellets reduce the ohmic \"background noise,\" making it easier to see small improvements in electrode performance. (4) Density: Must be \u0026gt;99% of theoretical density (~5.9 g\/cm3). Any open porosity will cause \"gas crossover,\" resulting in a low Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a test environment (eg: button cell), the YSZ pellet is \"functionalized\" by applying electrodes to both sides: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode Side (Fuel)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically a Ni-YSZ cermet. This is screen-printed or painted onto one side and fired (usually at 1300-1400 °C). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode Side (Air)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Materials like LSM (750-900 °C) or LSCF (600-750 °C). It should be noted that if using LSCF, a GDC barrier layer must be applied to the YSZ pellet first to prevent SrZrO3 formation. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e: Platinum (Pt) or Gold (Au) meshes are pressed against the electrodes to extract current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFEC8YSZEP (C-SOFEC-8YSZEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepeysz?variant=47454840127718\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~100 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~100 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 5cm * 5cm (T: ~200-300 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~200-300 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47463495270630,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPD15","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47463495303398,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPD20","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47463495336166,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPS55","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47463495368934,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPS1010","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFEC8YSZEP_03.png?v=1773893993"},{"product_id":"csofecsszep","title":"SSZ Electrolyte Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECSSZEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the testing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte pellet—often formulated as 10Sc1CeSZ (10 mol% Scandia, 1 mol% Ceria)—is the high-performance structural support for \"button cells.\" Because SSZ has the highest ionic conductivity of all zirconia-based materials, these pellets are the preferred choice for researchers targeting Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation (600 °C–750 °C) without the electronic leakage issues associated with GDC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor reliable laboratory testing, SSZ pellets must be fully dense to prevent gas crossover: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eComposition\u003c\/strong\u003e: 10 mol% Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2 is standard. 1 mol% CeO2 is usually added as a co-dopant to stabilize the cubic phase and prevent the rhombohedral phase transition during cooling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically 20 mm or 25 mm in diameter. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 150 um to 500 um (Electrolyte-supported cell configuration). (4) \u003cstrong\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: ~0.1 S\/cm at 800 °C, which is significantly higher than 8YSZ (~0.04 S\/cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Button cell test, SSZ pellet acts as the backbone. Electrodes are applied to create the functional cell: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode (Fuel Side)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically Ni-SSZ or Ni-GDC. If using Ni-SSZ, the thermal expansion is perfectly matched to the pellet. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (Air Side)\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-activity materials like LSCF or LSC are common. It should be noted that while SSZ is more stable than YSZ, it is still recommended to use a thin GDC barrier layer if using Cobalt-rich cathodes to prevent the formation of resistive SrZrO3 or SrScOx phases at the interface. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e: Gold (Au) or Platinum (Pt) paste\/mesh is used to collect the current from the electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECSSZEP (C-SOFEC-SSZEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocessz?variant=47458726510822\"\u003eSSZ\u003c\/a\u003e: (Sc\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e(CeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.01\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSSZ Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~10-15um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 5cm * 5cm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360544215008658\"\u003eA. Mahmood, et al., High-performance solid oxide electrolysis cell based on ScSZ\/GDC (scandia-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinium-doped ceria) bi-layered electrolyte and LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) oxygen electrode, Energy, 2015, 90, 344-350\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925838809026875\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., Investigation of (CeO2)x(Sc2O3)(0.11−x)(ZrO2)0.89 (x = 0.01–0.10) electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, J. Alloys Compounds, 2010, 502, 319-323\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47464991326438,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47464991359206,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47467523244262,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPS55","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47464991391974,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPS1010","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECSSZEP_main.png?v=1773936923"},{"product_id":"csofecgdcep","title":"GDC Electrolyte Pellet for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECGDCEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eGDC (typically Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 or Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) is favored over Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) for operations between 500°C and 700°C due to its significantly higher ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyte-supported cells, the GDC pellet acts as the structural backbone (usually 150–500 um thick). The advantage is high oxygen ion (O2-) conductivity allows for lower ohmic resistance at reduced temperatures. While its challenge is In reducing atmospheres (anode side), Ce^{4+} can reduce to Ce^{3+}, introducing electronic conductivity. This creates an internal short circuit, lowering the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC pellets are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECGDCEP (C-SOFEC-GDCEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocessz?variant=47458726510822\"\u003eGDC10\u003c\/a\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocegdc?variant=47458658975974\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGDC20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGDC Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) GDC10 Disk: D15 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) GDC10 Disk: D20 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) GDC20 Disk: D15 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) GDC20 Disk: D20 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47466866311398,"sku":"CSOFECGDC10EPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC10 Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47466866344166,"sku":"CSOFECGDC10EPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47466866376934,"sku":"CSOFECGDC20EPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47467063476454,"sku":"CSOFECGDC20EPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECSSZEP_main.png?v=1773936923"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzcyyb","title":"BZCYYb Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb","description":"\u003cp\u003eBZCYYb (BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O(3-x) is widely regarded as the current gold standard for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells (PCECs). This material succeeds by balancing the high proton conductivity of cerates with the chemical stability of zirconates, further enhanced by the co-doping of Yttrium (Y) and Ytterbium (Yb). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZCYYb is a \"best of both worlds\" electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Cerium (Ce) content ensures high proton conductivity at lower temperatures compared to zirconates. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Zirconium (Zr) and Ytterbium (Yb) content provides the lattice with resistance against CO2 and H2O (steam) degradation, which is the Achilles' heel of pure cerates. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eTriple Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: In certain conditions, it can conduct protons (H+), oxygen ions (O^{2-}), and holes (h'), making it a \"triple-conducting\" electrolyte that is highly efficient for reversible operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZCYYb)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) BZCYYb1711 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"title-text\"\u003eBaZr\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c\/sub\u003eY\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eYb\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3−\u003cem\u003eδ\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) BZCYYb4411 (BaZr\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eCe\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eY\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eYb\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eO\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e3−\u003cem\u003eδ\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePowder Size \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Nanosize: ~500 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Micro-Size: ~2-5 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAddition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 wt% NiO will be beneficial to sintering\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_03_XRD_160x160.png?v=1774032103\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e  \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_04_XRD_160x160.png?v=1774032102\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313000190\"\u003eN. T. Q. Nguyen, et al., Preparation and evaluation of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb) electrolyte and BZCYYb-based solid oxide fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 231, 213-218\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2021\/ee\/d1ee01497h\/unauth\"\u003eM. Choi, et al., Exceptionally high performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells with stoichiometric electrolytes, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021,14, 6476-6483\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"GNTC","offers":[{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Nanopowder","offer_id":47468988629222,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711N","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Nanopowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468988661990,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711NNO","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Micropowder","offer_id":47468993151206,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711M","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Micropowder  + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993183974,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711MNO","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Nanopowder","offer_id":47468993216742,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411N","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Nanopowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993249510,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411NNO","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Micropowder","offer_id":47468993282278,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411M","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Micropowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993315046,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411MNO","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_main.png?v=1774027324"}],"url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/electrolytes-for-soec-sofc.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}