{"title":"Electrolyzers \u0026 Fuel Cells","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBuilding an electrolyzer or fuel cell is a stack-integration problem — membrane chemistry, ionomer family, catalyst layer, current collector, and electrode additives all have to agree on pH, temperature, and water management before the cell will hit its rated current density.\u003c\/strong\u003e This section gathers every layer of that stack, from the membrane outward, plus the testing fixtures and pressing tooling you need to fabricate and screen MEAs reproducibly. Audience: PEM, AEM, alkaline, and solid-oxide researchers running benchtop single cells and short stacks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003ePick by where you are in the build:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/membranes-and-mea\"\u003eMembranes \u0026amp; MEA\u003c\/a\u003e — PFSA cation-exchange films, quaternary-ammonium AEMs, bipolar laminates, and pre-built CCMs for PEMWE, AEMWE, AEMFC, and redox-flow work.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/ionomers\"\u003eIonomers\u003c\/a\u003e — long- and short-side-chain PFSA dispersions for acidic systems, and piperidinium \/ poly(phenylene) \/ imidazolium AEIs for alkaline and CO2RR catalyst layers.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anodes-cathodes-for-soec-sofc\"\u003eAnodes \u0026amp; Cathodes\u003c\/a\u003e — Ni\/YSZ fuel-side and LSC perovskite air-side materials for SOFC and SOEC, plus Ir \/ Ru \/ Pt PEM catalysts and Ni \/ Co-Fe \/ Ru alkaline catalysts.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrode-additives-for-electrolyzers-fuel-cells\"\u003eElectrode Additives\u003c\/a\u003e — PTFE for GDL hydrophobicity, CNT and porous-carbon supports for electronic percolation, and ancillary additives that control calendaring and water transport.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/current-collectors-electrolyzers-and-fuel-cells\"\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/a\u003e — carbon papers with MPL\/PTFE for PEM, titanium PTLs and tantalum foils for OER-side acid, nickel felt for alkaline and AEM, silver mesh for intermediate-temperature SOFC.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrolyte-additives-1\"\u003eElectrolyte Additives\u003c\/a\u003e — surfactants and ionic liquids that steer selectivity in aqueous CO2RR cells; primarily a battery-electrolyte collection, cross-linked here for CO2RR work.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/testing-cells-for-ion-separation\"\u003eTesting Cells\u003c\/a\u003e — FCDI, integrated reactive-capture, porous solid-electrolyte, and optically accessible flow electrolyzers for ion-separation and CO2RR screening.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/press-accessories\"\u003eAccessories\u003c\/a\u003e — coater consumables, rolling-press wear parts, and cell-format fixtures for fabricating MEAs and laminating GDL stacks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are building a PEM water electrolyzer or PEMFC, start with PFSA membranes, PFSA ionomers, Ir \/ Pt catalysts, and carbon-paper or titanium current collectors. For AEM water electrolysis and AEMFC, pair quaternary-ammonium AEMs with piperidinium ionomers, non-precious catalysts, and nickel felt. For SOEC and SOFC, see the Ni\/YSZ and perovskite electrode materials and the wider \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/soec-and-sofc\"\u003eSOEC and SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e section.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"cesailemimtfsi","title":"[EMIM][TFSI] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, \u003e99.5%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMTFSI","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMTFSI (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-Ion \u0026amp; Sodium-Ion Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM][TFSI] is used as a co-solvent or additive to enhance safety and voltage. It is non-flammable and has negligible vapor pressure, acting as a flame retardant in standard carbonate electrolytes. It is highly stable at high potentials, making it suitable for high-voltage cathodes (e.g., LNMO). It should be noted that Imidazolium cations can intercalate into graphite anodes, potentially causing exfoliation. Therefore, it is often used with film-forming additives like VC (Vinylene Carbonate) or in \"solvent-in-salt\" configurations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: While [EMIM][BF4] is more famous for CO2 reduction, [EMIM][TFSI] is used in non-aqueous CO2 reduction or as a hydrophobic additive. The [EMIM]+ cation stabilizes the CO2'- radical, lowering the overpotential for CO production. Moreover, it can be used to create a \"water-lean\" interface at the catalyst due to its hydrophobicity, which effectively suppresses the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a premier choice for high-energy density supercapacitors. By replacing aqueous electrolytes with pure [EMIM][TFSI], the operating voltage can be pushed from 1.2V to 3.0 V. Since energy density scales with V^2, this leads to a massive increase in stored energy.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMTFSI (C-ESA-ILEMIMTFSI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlso named as [EMIM][Tf2N]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e174899-82-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC8H11F6N3O4S2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMTFSI_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765155612\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.5% (Battery Grade)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWater level: \u0026lt;500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e391.31 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.52 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the [EMIM][TFSI] ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcb.2c02822\"\u003eH. S. Dhattarwal, et al. Heterogeneity and Nanostructure of Superconcentrated LiTFSI–EmimTFSI Hybrid Aqueous Electrolytes: Beyond the 21 m Limit of Water-in-Salt Electrolyte, J. Phys. Chem. B 2022, 126, 28, 5291–5304\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcb.1c02383\"\u003eC. A. Bridges, et al. Dynamics of Emim+ in [Emim][TFSI]\/LiTFSI Solutions as Bulk and under Confinement in a Quasi-liquid Solid Electrolyte, J. Phys. Chem. B 2021, 125, 20, 5443–5450\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s42004-023-00875-9\"\u003eA. Fortunati, et al., Understanding the role of imidazolium-based ionic liquids in the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction, Communications Chemistry, 2023, 6, 84\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.energyfuels.4c00685\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Saha, et al., A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes, Energy Fuels 2024, 38, 10, 8528–8552.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"DDDC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47018218455270,"sku":"CBESEMIMTFSI","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMTFSI_main.png?v=1765156189"},{"product_id":"cesailemimbf4","title":"[EMIM][BF4] (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 99.5%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMBF4","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMBF4 (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLithium-Ion Battery (LIB) Additive\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in small concentrations (1–5%) within standard carbonate-based electrolytes. (1) Flame Retardancy: It significantly reduces the flammability of the electrolyte, improving safety. (2) SEI Formation: It can assist in the formation of a more stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on the anode, especially in high-voltage cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is perhaps the most famous application for [EMIM][BF4]. The [EMIM]+ cation acts as a co-catalyst. It adsorbs onto the catalyst surface (like Silver or Gold) and forms a complex with CO2, lowering the activation energy barrier for the formation of the *CO2'- radical intermediate. It is highly effective at suppressing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) and promoting the production of Carbon Monoxide (CO) at very low overpotentials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM][BF4] is used as an electrolyte to increase the energy density of carbon-based supercapacitors. While aqueous electrolytes limit supercapacitors to ~1.2 V, [EMIM][BF4] allows operation up to 3.0 V or higher, which will increase the energy density since doubling the voltage quadruples the energy stored. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 343.8px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMBF4 (C-ESA-ILEMIMBF4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e143314-16-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 123px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 123px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 123px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC6H11BF4N2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMIMBF4_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765178807\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.5% (Battery Grade)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e197.97 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.294 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 or 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the EMIMBF4 ionic liquid in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp0476601\"\u003eK. Hayamizu, et al. Ionic Conduction and Ion Diffusion in Binary Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids Composed of [emim][BF4] and LiBF4, J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 50, 19527–19532\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jced.3c00037\"\u003eSapna Rana, et al. Investigating the Solvation Behavior of Some Lithium Salts in Binary Aqueous Mixtures of 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF4]) at Equidistant Temperatures (T = 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, 318.15) K, J. Chem. Eng. Data 2023, 68, 6, 1291–1304.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.jpcc.5c03689\"\u003eN. Karki et al., Modulation of Selectivity in Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction with a Magnetic Field and Imidazolium Ionic Liquids, J. Phys. Chem. C 2025, 129, 32, 14356–14365\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.3c00213\"\u003eX. Jiang, et al., Additive Engineering Enables Ionic-Liquid Electrolyte-Based Supercapacitors To Deliver Simultaneously High Energy and Power Density, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2023, 11, 14, 5685–5695\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"NDSYS","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":47021496107238,"sku":"CESAILEMIMBF4G25","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47021496140006,"sku":"CESAILEMIMBF4G100","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMBF4_main.png?v=1771910972"},{"product_id":"cesailemimcl","title":"[EMIM]Cl (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, \u003e99.0%) Ionic Liquid as Electrolyte Solvent and Additive, 25 or 100 g\/bottle, CESAILEMIMCl","description":"\u003cp\u003eEMIMCl (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) is a popular and widely studied example of an ionic liquid (IL) used as an electrolyte component in various electrochemical devices, particularly batteries and supercapacitors. It serves as the high-stability, non-flammable solvent into which a mobile metal salt is dissolved (e.g., LiPF6, LiTFSI, NaTFSI, or KTFSI) to create the working electrolyte. EMImCl is primarily used as a component in the electrolyte systems for Aluminum-Ion Batteries (AIBs) and related technologies, rather than as a neat solvent for conventional lithium or sodium salts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAluminum Electroplating and Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most famous application for [EMIM]Cl. When mixed with Aluminum Chloride (AlCl3), it forms a room-temperature liquid known as a Chloroaluminate melt. As for electroplating, it allows for the high-quality plating of aluminum onto other metals at room temperature, which is impossible in aqueous solutions because aluminum reacts violently with water. For aluminum-ion batteries, [EMIM]Cl+ AlCl3 serves as the electrolyte for rechargeable aluminum batteries. The [AlCl4]- and [Al2Cl7]- ions facilitate the reversible intercalation of aluminum into graphite cathodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: [EMIM]Cl is used as a functional additive in aqueous CO2 reduction. The [EMIM]+ cation adsorbs onto the catalyst surface and stabilizes the CO2'- radical intermediate. The presence of the chloride (Cl-) anion can specifically modify the surface of Copper or Silver catalysts, often promoting the formation of Carbon Monoxide (CO) or Formate by suppressing the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAs for supercapacitors\u003c\/strong\u003e, [EMIM]Cl is rarely used as a pure liquid due to its melting point. Instead, it is typically used in ionogels or as a redox-active additive. [EMIM]Cl is often immobilized within a polymer matrix (like PVA or PVDF) to create a solid-state electrolyte. These \"ionogels\" offer high thermal stability and eliminate the risk of leakage found in liquid-cell supercapacitors. Compared to protons (H+), the bulky [EMIM]+ cation has lower mobility, which can lead to higher Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR) and lower power density. However, it allows for a wider Electrochemical Stability Window (ESW) of ~2.8 V, significantly higher than the 1.2 V limit of aqueous systems.The chloride anion can sometimes participate in surface redox reactions with specific electrode materials (like RuO2 or certain conductive polymers), providing additional \"pseudocapacitive\" energy storage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 391.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCESAILEMIMCl (C-ESA-ILEMIMCl)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e65039-09-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 216px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 216px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 216px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC6H11ClN2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBESEMImCl_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765250692\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white to pale yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e146.62 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e77-79 °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 or 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the EMIMCl powder is in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0811713jes\/meta\"\u003eJ. Li, et al. Ternary AlCl3-Urea-[EMIm]Cl Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Rechargeable Aluminum-Ion Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2017, 164, A3093\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab7573\/meta\"\u003eT. Schoetzi, et al. Aluminium Deposition in EMImCl-AlCl3 Ionic Liquid and Ionogel for Improved Aluminium Batteries, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2022, 167, 040516.\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.3c00035\"\u003eS. S. Golru, et al., Modifying Copper Local Environment with Electrolyte Additives to Alter CO2 Electroreduction vs Hydrogen Evolution, ACS Catal. 2023, 13, 12, 7831–7843\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/cssc.201802046\"\u003eA. Tatlisu, et al., High-Voltage and Low-Temperature Aqueous Supercapacitor Enabled by “Water-in-Imidazolium Chloride” Electrolytes, ChemSusChem, 2018, 11, 3899-3904\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"NDSYS","offers":[{"title":"25 g","offer_id":47021510328550,"sku":"CESAILEMIMCl25","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47021510361318,"sku":"CESAILEMIMCl100","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CESAILEMIMCl_main.png?v=1771914813"},{"product_id":"cbefcss316lfes","title":"316L Stainless Steel Felt Sheet or Roll for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCSS316LFE","description":"\u003cp\u003eSS316L felt is an advanced 3D porous current collector made by sintering micro-sized metal fibers into a non-woven structure. Unlike flat foils or standard meshes, \"felt\" provides a randomly interconnected fiber network that mimics a metallic sponge, offering the highest surface area and porosity for high-performance flow battery electrodes, electrolyzer, and fuel cells. Its main features and advantages are detailed below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eExtreme Porosity (Up to 95%)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The high void volume allows for massive active material loading without clogging the electrode. It also facilitates rapid electrolyte flow, which is essential for redox flow batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Conductive Network\u003c\/strong\u003e: Every fiber is sintered together, creating a seamless path for electrons. This significantly reduces charge transfer resistance throughout the depth of the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The sintering process ensures the fibers won't shift or compress easily. This \"self-standing\" structure is rugged enough to serve as both the current collector and the structural backbone of the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Corrosion Resistance: The \"L\" in 316L stands for low carbon, which prevents intergranular corrosion during the high-temperature sintering process or under the aggressive electrochemical conditions of aqueous cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCSS316LFE (C-BEFC-SS316LFE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e60-70%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFiber Diameter\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e20-40 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Felt Sheet: T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Felt Sheet: T 0.5mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Felt Sheet: T 1.0mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Felt Roll: T 0.45mm * W 200mm * L 1000mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Sulfide-Based Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZYZTX","offers":[{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060164378854,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST025","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 0.5mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060203602150,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST05","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 1.0mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060203667686,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST10","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Roll: T 0.45mm * W 200mm * L 1000mm","offer_id":47909048484070,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFERT045","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCSS316LFS.png?v=1766733232"},{"product_id":"cbefctfes","title":"Titanium Felt Sheet for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTFES","description":"\u003cp\u003eTitanium (Ti) felt—often called sintered titanium fiber felt—is a critical Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and Porous Transport Layer (PTL) for high-performance electrochemical systems. While carbon-based materials are standard for many batteries, titanium felt is required in environments where carbon would oxidize or corrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In flow battery application, it serves as a 3D electrode in aggressive chemistries (like Ti-Mn or high-acid Vanadium cells) to improve mass transfer and rate capability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzers, Ti felt is mainly used on the anode (oxygen side) because carbon GDLs oxidize into CO2 at the high potentials required for water splitting. It is also essential for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, providing high surface area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In fuel cell application field, it acts as a GDL in Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFC) that both generate and consume hydrogen, providing stability in both modes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 389.438px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTFES (C-BEFC-TFES)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e60-70%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Ti Felt Sheet: T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Ti Felt Sheet: T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Ti Felt Sheet: T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes (Options)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAny other customized sheet dimensions can be supplied upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface coating of Pt, Ir, T on Ti felt can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 78.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 78.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Fields\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 78.4px;\"\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Sulfide-Based Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZYZTX","offers":[{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47142937002214,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST010","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47086366916838,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST050","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47086367015142,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST100","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCTFS.png?v=1766803504"},{"product_id":"cbefcnfo","title":"Nickel Foam Sheet \u0026 Roll (T 0.05-1.6 mm, W 200-300 mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCNFO","description":"\u003cp\u003eNickel foam is a highly porous, three-dimensional metallic structure (typically 85–98% porosity) that has become a cornerstone material in advanced electrochemical devices. Its unique combination of high electrical conductivity, massive surface area, and mechanical flexibility makes it ideal for energy storage and conversion. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(1)\u003c\/b\u003e In Battery application, nickel foam primarily serves as a 3D current collector or a substrate for active materials. Its \"sponge-like\" architecture provides a much higher surface area than traditional flat foils (like copper or aluminum), allowing for a higher loading of active materials (anode\/cathode pastes). It also creates an interconnected conductive network that facilitates fast electron transport, improving rate capability (fast charging\/discharging). Moreover, nickel foam is used to host lithium metal, where its 3D structure helps \"corral\" lithium ions and suppress the growth of dangerous dendrites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(2) \u003c\/b\u003eIn electrolyzer application, nickel foam acts as the Porous Transport Layer (PTL) or the electrode itself. The open-cell structure allows hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2) bubbles to detach quickly from the surface, preventing \"gas masking\" which can block reactions and increase resistance. It is often used as a skeleton to support catalysts like Nickel-Iron (NiFe) or Cobalt (Co), which are essential for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) and Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e(3) \u003c\/b\u003eIn fuel cell application, nickel foam is increasingly investigated as an alternative to traditional graphite flow fields or carbon paper Gas Diffusion Layers (GDL). It facilitates the uniform distribution of reactant gases (hydrogen and air) across the catalyst layer. One of the biggest challenges in fuel cells is \"flooding\" (water buildup). Nickel foam's permeability helps wick away byproduct water more efficiently than carbon-based materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 361.038px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCNFO (C-BEFC-NFO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 155.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 155.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Sheet: T 0.1mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: T 0.2mm * W 200mm * L 300mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Sheet: T 0.3mm * W 200mm * L 300mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) Sheet: T 0.8mm * W 200mm * L 300mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(6) Roll: T 0.2mm * W 200mm * L 1m\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(7) Roll: T 0.3mm * W 200mm * L 1m\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(8) Roll: T 0.5mm * W 200mm * L 1m\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(9) Roll: T 0.8mm * W 200mm * L 1m\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(10) Roll: T 1.0mm * W 200mm * L 1m\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(11) Roll: T 1.6mm * W 300mm * L 1m\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOther customized dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e110 PPI\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Fields\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47750197870822,"sku":"CBEFCNFOST005","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: T 0.1mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47229721444582,"sku":"CBEFCNFOST01","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: T 0.2mm * W 200mm * L 300mm","offer_id":47896385749222,"sku":"CBEFCNFOST02","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: T 0.3mm * W 200mm * L 300mm","offer_id":47896385781990,"sku":"CBEFCNFOST03","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: T 0.8mm * W 200mm * L 300mm","offer_id":47901755212006,"sku":"CBEFCNFOST08","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.2mm * W 200mm * L 1m","offer_id":47229721608422,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT02","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.3mm * W 200mm * L 1m","offer_id":47896385814758,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT03","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.5mm * W 200mm * L 1m","offer_id":47229721641190,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT05","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.8mm * W 200mm * L 1m","offer_id":47901755244774,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT08","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 1.0mm * W 200mm * L 1m","offer_id":47229747232998,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT10","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 1.6mm * W 300mm * L 1m","offer_id":47254101295334,"sku":"CBEFCNFORT16","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCNFO.png?v=1766906076"},{"product_id":"cbefcnfes","title":"Nickel Felt Sheet (T 0.1-1.0 mm, L 100mm * W 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCNFES","description":"\u003cp\u003eNickel felt is a high-performance, three-dimensional porous material composed of sintered pure nickel fibers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"2,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"2,0,0\"\u003e(1)\u003c\/b\u003e In battery applications, the nickel felt is used as a support for the active material in the negative electrode, allowing for high power density and rapid charge\/discharge cycles. It can act as a lightweight, conductive current collector, particularly in experimental or high-power designs where its 3D structure helps manage volume expansion and improves ion transport. For redox flow battery, nickel felt (often modified with catalysts like NiO) is used to provide electrochemically active sites for redox reactions, significantly increasing energy efficiency and discharge capacity compared to standard graphite felts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"2,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"2,1,0\"\u003e(2) \u003c\/b\u003eIn electrolyzer application, nickel felt acts as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL), which facilitates the transport of liquid electrolyte to the catalyst layer while allowing oxygen and hydrogen gas bubbles to escape efficiently. Due to its high specific surface area, it can be used directly as an electrode or as a substrate for advanced catalysts, reducing the overpotential required for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"2,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"2,2,0\"\u003e(3) \u003c\/b\u003eIn fuel cell application, the nickel felt is frequently used as an anode substrate or current collector in SOFC. When combined with ceramic materials like Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ), it provides excellent conductivity and mechanical strength while matching the thermal expansion of other cell components. Moreover, nickel felt is also used in alkaline-type fuel cells and as a diffusion medium to improve water management and reactant distribution. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 496.238px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCNFES (C-BEFC-NFES)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 290.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 290.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 290.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(3) T 0.40mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(4) T 0.45mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(5) T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(6) T 0.60mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(7) T 0.80mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(8) T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60-70%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Fields\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZYZTX","offers":[{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231882985702,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST010","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883018470,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST025","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.40mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883051238,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST040","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.45mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47736785600742,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST045","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883084006,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST050","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.60mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883116774,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST060","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.80mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883149542,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST080","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47231883215078,"sku":"CBEFCNFEST100","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCNFES.png?v=1766981950"},{"product_id":"cbefctcps","title":"Toray Carbon Paper Sheet (L 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.02mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTCPS","description":"\u003cp\u003eToray carbon paper (specifically the TGP-H series) is an industry-standard porous current collector. The choice between hydrophilic and hydrophobic versions depends entirely on how you need your electrolyte and gases to move through the electrode. The primary difference is the presence of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrophobic Toray Paper\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is \"wet-proofed\" with PTFE (typically 5% to 30% by weight). The PTFE coats the carbon fibers, preventing liquid water or aqueous electrolytes from soaking into the pores.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrophilic Toray Paper\u003c\/strong\u003e: This version is either untreated (pure carbon) or has undergone a surface treatment (like plasma or chemical oxidation) to make it \"wettable.\" It allows liquids to be drawn into the structure via capillary action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 302.163px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTCPS (C-BEFC-TCPS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.02mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 160px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 160px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 160px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Raw Type\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Standard Hydrophilic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Super Hydrophilic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Hydrophobic (10% PTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) Hydrophobic (50% PTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~78%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Raw Type","offer_id":47234541486310,"sku":"CBEFCTCPSR","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Standard Hydrophilic","offer_id":47233845788902,"sku":"CBEFCTCPSSTH","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Super Hydrophilic","offer_id":47233845821670,"sku":"CBEFCTCPSSUH","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Hydrophobic (10% PTFE)","offer_id":47233845887206,"sku":"CBEFCTCPSH10","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Hydrophobic (50% PTFE)","offer_id":47233851424998,"sku":"CBEFCTCPSH50","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTCPS.png?v=1767065278"},{"product_id":"cbefcctccs","title":"CeTech Carbon Cloth Sheet (L 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.36mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCCTCCS","description":"\u003cp\u003eCeTech brand carbon cloth (specifically the W0S1011 series) is an industry-standard porous current collector with flexible texture structure. It is woven from continuous carbon fibers (usually PAN-based), giving it high mechanical durability, flexibility, and a high surface area. The choice between hydrophilic and hydrophobic versions depends entirely on how you need your electrolyte and gases to move through the electrode. The primary difference is the presence of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), commonly known as Teflon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrophobic Carbon Cloth\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is \"wet-proofed\" with PTFE (typically 5% to 30% by weight). The PTFE coats the carbon fibers, preventing liquid water or aqueous electrolytes from soaking into the pores.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHydrophilic Carbon Cloth\u003c\/strong\u003e: This version is either untreated (pure carbon) or has undergone a surface treatment (like plasma or chemical oxidation) to make it \"wettable.\" It allows liquids to be drawn into the structure via capillary action.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe carbon cloth with hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface are suitable as current collector or scaffold for battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 235.362px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCCTCCS (C-BEFC-CTCCS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.36mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.45px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.45px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGrade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.45px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Raw Type\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Standard Hydrophilic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Super Hydrophilic\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Hydrophobic (10% PTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) Hydrophobic (50% PTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Raw Type","offer_id":47233890451686,"sku":"CBEFCCTCCSR","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Standard Hydrophilic","offer_id":47233890156774,"sku":"CBEFCCTCCSTH","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Super Hydrophilic","offer_id":47233890189542,"sku":"CBEFCCTCCSUH","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Hydrophobic (10% PTFE)","offer_id":47233890255078,"sku":"CBEFCCTCCSH10","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Hydrophobic (50% PTFE)","offer_id":47233890386150,"sku":"CBEFCCTCCSH50","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCCTCCS.png?v=1767070754"},{"product_id":"cefccthccsgdl","title":"CeTech Hydrophobic Carbon Cloth Sheet (L 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.41mm) with Gas-Diffusion Layer (GDL) for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CEFCCTHCCSGDL","description":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon cloth with gas diffusion layer (specifically the W1S1011 series) serves as a critical bridge between the macroscopic hardware (bipolar plates\/current collectors) and the microscopic reaction sites (catalyst layers). Both the microporous layer (MPL) and PTFE layer are coated on the surface of carbon cloth, which provides excellent gas diffusion capability without \"flooding\" issue. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 120.713px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCCTHCCSGDL (C-EFC-CTHCCSGDL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eL 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.41mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarbon Cloth\/MPL\/PTFE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~10 N\/cm (MD)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrical Resistivity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~13 mΩ\/m2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47234210431206,"sku":"CEFCCTHCCSGDL","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCCTHCCSGDL.png?v=1767074532"},{"product_id":"cefccthcpsgdl","title":"CeTech Hydrophobic Carbon Paper Sheet (L 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.12-0.34mm) with Gas-Diffusion Layer (GDL) for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CEFCCTHCPSGDL","description":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon paper with gas diffusion layer (specifically the CeTech GDL series) serves as a critical bridge between the macroscopic hardware (bipolar plates\/current collectors) and the microscopic reaction sites (catalyst layers). Both the microporous layer (MPL) and PTFE layer are coated on the surface of carbon paper, which provides excellent gas diffusion capability without \"flooding\" issue. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 120.713px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCCTHCPSGDL (C-EFC-CTHCPSGDL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.12mm * W 100mm * L100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.24mm * W 100mm * L100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) T 0.34mm * W 100mm * L100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarbon Paper\/MPL\/PTFE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~20-45 N\/cm (MD)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrical Resistivity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;15 mΩ\/m2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"T 0.12mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47234386755814,"sku":"CEFCCTHCPSGDLT012","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":false},{"title":"T 0.24mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47234386788582,"sku":"CEFCCTHCPSGDLT024","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.34mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47234386821350,"sku":"CEFCCTHCPSGDLT034","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCCTHCPSGDL.png?v=1767078868"},{"product_id":"cefcthcpsgdl","title":"Toray Hydrophobic Carbon Paper Sheet (L 100mm * W 100mm * T 0.18mm) with Gas-Diffusion Layer (GDL) for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CEFCTHCPSGDL","description":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon paper with gas diffusion layer (specifically the Toray TGL-R-055 series) serves as a critical bridge between the macroscopic hardware (bipolar plates\/current collectors) and the microscopic reaction sites (catalyst layers). Both the microporous layer (MPL) and PTFE layer are coated on the surface of carbon paper, which provides excellent gas diffusion capability without \"flooding\" issue. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 120.713px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 52.5px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCTHCPSGDL (C-EFC-THCPSGDL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 56.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT 0.18mm * W 100mm * L100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 11.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarbon Paper\/MPL\/PTFE\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~20-45 N\/cm (MD)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrical Resistivity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;12 mΩ\/m2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZKYX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47234582413542,"sku":"CEFCTHCPSGDL","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTCPS.png?v=1767065278"},{"product_id":"cfbefcdchgfs","title":"DiffuCarb Hydrophilic Graphite Felt Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCDCHGFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eDiffuCarb brand graphite felt (specifically the GFB series) is high-purity, three-dimensional porous material that has become a cornerstone in electrochemical energy systems. While it shares a lineage with carbon felt, graphite felt is treated at much higher temperatures (typically above 2,000°C), giving it superior electrical conductivity and chemical resistance. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eredox flow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt acts as the active electrode where the liquid electrolyte undergoes oxidation and reduction. Its porous \"felt\" structure provides a massive surface area for the liquid ions to react and it also allows the electrolyte to flow through the electrode with low pressure drop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt is often used as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) or a 3D scaffold for catalysts. It withstands the highly corrosive acidic or alkaline environments of the electrolysis cell. Moreover, due to its high porous structure, researchers often electroplate it with nickel, iron, or noble metals to create high-performance electrodes for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt is used in specialized or high-temperature fuel cells (like H2\/Br2 or microbial fuel cells). It facilitates the diffusion of gases and liquids to the catalyst sites. Its high conductivity (\u0026gt;99% carbon content) ensures that electrons generated in the reaction are moved efficiently to the external circuit with minimal heat loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 248.962px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCDCHGFS (C-FBEFC-DCHGFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 162px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 162px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 162px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.5mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 1.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) T 3.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Treatment\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-oxidation enable good surface hydrophilicity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"T 0.5mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005541606,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST05","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005574374,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST10","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 3.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005639910,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST30","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCDCHGFS.png?v=1767294131"},{"product_id":"cfbefcgf","title":"Graphite Foil Sheet \u0026 Roll for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCGF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn batteries, electrolyzers, and fuel cells, graphite foil is primarily used for Bipolar Plates (BPPs) and Gas\/Liquid Sealing. Foil can be laminated onto cheaper substrates (like plastic or metal) to create a plate that is highly conductive and corrosion-resistant. It acts as the barrier that separates the fuel\/electrolyte of one cell from the next. Since it is highly conductive in-plane (along the surface), which make it to be used to pull electrons out of the 3D felt and move them to the external circuit. Unlike felt, which is open and airy, foil is made by compressing expanded graphite flakes into a solid sheet without binders. This is why the graphite foil as the layer behind the felt to prevent the liquid from touching your metal end-plates and to ensure a good electrical path. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 175.562px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCGF (C-FBEFC-GF)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 53px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 53px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 200mm * L 250mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Roll: T 0.1mm * W 500mm * L 2m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥4.5 MPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTemperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-200 to 700 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SXHF","offers":[{"title":"Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 200mm * L 250mm   5 pcs\/pack","offer_id":47240218968294,"sku":"CFBEFCGFST005","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.1mm * W 500mm * L 2m","offer_id":47240219001062,"sku":"CFBEFCGFRT01","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCGF.png?v=1767299943"},{"product_id":"cfbefccfos","title":"Carbon Foam Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCFOS","description":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon foam is a rigid, 3D skeletal structure with an open-cell architecture (97% void volume). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eRedox Flow Batteries (RFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e, carbon foam acts as a high-surface-area 3D electrode or current collector. Unlike felt, carbon foam does not compress or \"slump\" over time. This maintains consistent flow channels and prevents the \"channeling\" effect where electrolyte misses parts of the electrode. Moreover, carbon \"ligaments\" are interconnected in a continuous 3D path, electron transport is often more efficient than in the random fiber-to-fiber contact of felt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, carbon foam serves as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL). The open, rigid cells allow hydrogen and oxygen bubbles to escape quickly. In felt, bubbles can get trapped in the tight fiber weave, \"blinding\" the electrode and increasing resistance. Carbon foam’s rigidity prevents the electrode from deforming under these pressures, maintaining a steady electrical contact with the bipolar plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, carbon foam is often a candidate for the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) or as a support for catalysts. Carbon foam’s large, uniform pores allow liquid water to be pushed out more easily than the dense structure of carbon paper or felt. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 355.762px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCCFOS (C-FBEFC-CFOS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.5mm * W 50mm * L 50mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 1.0mm * W 50mm * L 50mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60-70%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePore Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.01-0.1 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eHeat Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~80 W\/m.k\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eResistivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~1.0×10﹣2~10﹣5  Ω·m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMax. Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e600 °C (air), 3000 °C (inert gas)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GSJX","offers":[{"title":"T 0.5mm * W 50mm * L 50mm","offer_id":47240296399078,"sku":"CFBEFCCFOST05","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.0mm * W 50mm * L 50mm","offer_id":47240296431846,"sku":"CFBEFCCFOST10","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCFOS.png?v=1767302352"},{"product_id":"cbefcsfs","title":"Silver (Ag) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 50mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCSFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver (Ag) foil is the ultimate high-performance current collector, used when the absolute lowest electrical resistance is required. While standard commercial batteries use copper or aluminum. Its superior conductivity and efficiency make it suitable for anode-free battery, SOFC, and special electrolyzer. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eanode-free batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e, silver foil acts as lithiophilic since it helps \"wet\" lithium, ensuring smooth, dendrite-free plating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver foil is used as cathode current collector since it remains conductive even if a thin oxide layer forms (silver oxide is conductive).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003especial electrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver foil is more like to be used for uniform and high current distribution and it resists chemical attack in specific alkaline environments where copper would corrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCSFS (C-BEFC-SFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.05mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) T 0.10mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSR","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332148966,"sku":"CBEFCSFST001","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.05mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332181734,"sku":"CBEFCSFST005","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332214502,"sku":"CBEFCSFST010","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSFS.png?v=1767306656"},{"product_id":"cfbefcwsms","title":"Woven Silver (Ag) Mesh Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCWSMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver (Ag) mesh is a premium current collector used primarily in flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell due to its ultra-low electrical resistance and high-temperature stability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eflow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, silver mesh acts as a \"flow-through\" current collector. Its mesh structure allows electrolytes or gases to pass through while providing a continuous metallic path for electrons. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver mesh is a standard material for SOFC cathode current collection at intermediate temperatures (400-800 °C) because it remains conductive and stable in oxygen-rich environments where other metals would oxidize.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e field, silver mesh can be used as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL), helping to distribute current evenly across the catalyst layer while allowing gas bubbles (oxygen\/hydrogen) to escape through the holes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCWSMS (C-FBEFC-WSMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Mesh 50, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Mesh 100, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HYJSS","offers":[{"title":"Mesh 50 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471380198,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM50","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mesh 100 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471445734,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM100","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCWSMS.png?v=1767315066"},{"product_id":"cbefcwmms","title":"Woven Molybdenum (Mo) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100-200, T 0.14 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWMMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMolybdenum (Mo) mesh is a high-performance, 3D porous current collector used in electrochemical systems that require a combination of high-temperature stability, chemical resistance, and fluid permeability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, Mo mesh is a preferred current collector for high-temperature thermal batteries and molten salt batteries. Molybdenum's melting point of 2,623°C ensures it won't soften or deform under extreme heat. It is also used in Aluminum-ion batteries because it resists corrosion from aggressive ionic liquid electrolytes. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, Mo mesh acts as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL). It provides a robust structural support for catalysts and allows for the rapid detachment of gas bubbles, which prevents the \"masking\" effect that can increase electrical resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003esolid-oxide\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e field, Mo mesh is used as a current distributor. It is valued for its low coefficient of thermal expansion, which matches well with ceramic components, preventing the stack from cracking during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWMMS (C-BEFC-WMMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Mesh 100, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Mesh 200, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Mesh 100 (T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240601141478,"sku":"CBEFCWMMSM100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mesh 200 (T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240601174246,"sku":"CBEFCWMMSM200","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWMMS.png?v=1767319389"},{"product_id":"cbefcwtms","title":"Woven Tungsten (W) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 0.14 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWTMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTungsten (W) mesh is a high-performance, 3D porous current collector used in electrochemical systems that require a combination of high-temperature stability, chemical resistance, and fluid permeability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, W mesh is used because it is one of the few materials that remains electrochemically stable in acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (eg: AlCl3\/[EMIM]Cl). The mesh allows the thick, viscous electrolyte to penetrate the electrode completely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, especially in steam electrolysis or molten salt systems operating above 800°C, tungsten mesh provides the necessary surface area for water splitting while maintaining mechanical rigidity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, the tungsten mesh acts as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) in specialized fuel cells using highly aggressive chemical fuels that would corrode nickel or stainless steel meshes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 105.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWTMS (C-BEFC-WTMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions with various mesh sizes can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47240632762598,"sku":"CBEFCWTMS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWTMS.png?v=1767320913"},{"product_id":"cbefcmfs","title":"Molybdenum (Mo) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCMFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMolybdenum (Mo) foil is a high-performance material used as a current collector, catalyst substrate, or protective layer in electrochemical systems that face extreme heat or aggressive chemical environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, especially for aluminum-ion and sodium-ion batteries, Mo foil s a preferred current collector because it is highly resistant to the aggressive acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (like AlCl3) that dissolve copper or stainless steel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ewater\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, molybdenum foil is often used as a substrate for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. It is chemically stable in both acidic and alkaline media, making it a durable platform for sustainable hydrogen production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003esolid-oxide\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e field, Mo foil is used for current collection and interconnects because its Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) matches well with ceramic components, preventing the cell from cracking during high-temperature cycles (\u0026gt;600 °C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 130.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCMFS (C-BEFC-MFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QYJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240880881894,"sku":"CBEFCMFST001","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240941043942,"sku":"CBEFCMFST010","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSFS_02.png?v=1767307156"},{"product_id":"cbefctfs","title":"Tungsten (W) Foil Sheet (T 0.05-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTungsten (W) foil is a high-performance refractory material used in electrochemical systems that operate under extreme temperature and aggressive acidity conditions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tungsten foil is one of the few metals that is electrochemically inert in the highly corrosive acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (such as AlCl3) used in aluminum-ion batteries. As for anode-free battery, tungsten foil is used as negative current collector since it does not readily alloy with lithium. This allows researchers to study lithium plating and stripping on a \"pure\" non-reactive surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, W foil is a robust catalyst substrate for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Its ability to withstand both acidic and alkaline environments makes it a durable platform for water-splitting technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature molten salt electrochemistry \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, tungsten foil is used in thermal batteries where temperatures reach levels that would cause molybdenum or nickel to soften.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 197.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTFS (C-BEFC-TFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RDJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240955494630,"sku":"CBEFCTFST005","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240955527398,"sku":"CBEFCTFST010","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTFS.png?v=1767339392"},{"product_id":"cbefctafs","title":"Tantalum (Ta) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTAFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTantalum (Ta) foil is considered the \"ultimate\" corrosion-resistant metal for electrochemical systems. While it shares many properties with titanium and molybdenum, it surpasses them in stability, particularly in high-temperature acidic environments (above 100°C) where even noble metals like platinum can struggle. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tantalum foil current collectors enable the study of batteries using imide salts (like LiTFSI) without the need for fluorine-based additives. Unlike aluminum, tantalum resists anodic dissolution at high voltages in these specific chemistries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, tantalum foil is arguably the only material with sufficient corrosion resistance for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (HT-PEM) electrolyzers using phosphoric acid at temperatures above 130°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, tantalum foil (or Ta-nitride coatings) acts as a \"shield\" for stainless steel bipolar plates, maintaining ultra-low interfacial contact resistance even after long-term exposure to acidic membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 197.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTAFS (C-BEFC-TAFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BRJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47241026863334,"sku":"CBEFCTAFST001","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47241049112806,"sku":"CBEFCTAFST010","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTAFS.png?v=1767341262"},{"product_id":"cbefcwtams","title":"Woven Tantalum (Ta) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 35, T 0.2 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWTAMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTantalum (Ta) mesh is the premier choice for extreme electrochemical environments, particularly where high temperatures (up to 200°C) and aggressive acids (like sulfuric or phosphoric acid) are present.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, Ta mesh acts as current collector in high temperature aluminum-ion batteries since it is stable in aggressive molten salts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tantalum mesh is arguably the only metal that can survive the harsh environment of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (HT-PEM) electrolyzers. It remains stable in 85% phosphoric acid at 130°C, conditions that would instantly dissolve most other current collectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, the tantalum mesh is used to distribute reactant gases while collecting current at temperatures up to 275°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 81.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWTAMS (C-BEFC-WTAMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 35, T 0.2mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWire Diameter\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.15 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMesh Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.60 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HYJSS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241072935142,"sku":"CBEFCWTAMS","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWTAMS.png?v=1767343699"},{"product_id":"cfbefcwhms","title":"Woven Hastelloy C-276 Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 0.25 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCWHMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eHastelloy C-276 is a high-performance nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy often used as a current collector or structural component when standard metals like copper or stainless steel would dissolve. It is specifically chosen for electrochemical systems that combine high voltage with extreme acidity or chloride-rich environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eredox flow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, it is used as a bipolar plate substrate or current collector behind graphite felt. It resists the aggressive vanadium or iron-chrome electrolytes that can penetrate cheaper metal plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, hastelloy C-276 is a critical material for PEM electrolyzers. It survives the highly acidic environment (H2SO4 or HCl) at the anode side where water splitting occurs, specifically in high-pressure or high-temperature designs. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, C-276 prevents \"metal leaching\" that would otherwise poison the catalyst and kill the cell's efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCWHMS (C-FBEFC-WHMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241193717990,"sku":"CFBEFCWHMS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCWHMS.png?v=1767348430"},{"product_id":"cbefcwm400ms","title":"Woven Monel400 (Ni-Cu Alloy) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 00.25 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWM400MS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMonel400 (Ni-Cu Alloy) is a high-performance material used in electrochemical systems that require extreme resistance to saltwater, hydrofluoric acid, and concentrated alkalis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In\u003cstrong\u003e battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, its high fatigue strength and resistance to internal pressure make it ideal for battery cells (eg: NiCd, NiMH) that undergo significant thermal or mechanical stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, Monel mesh serves as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) or electrode substrate. It resists corrosion in KOH electrolytes and is particularly valued in marine-based electrolyzers where seawater or salt spray might compromise standard nickel or stainless steel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, it acts as a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) or current distributor. Research into metallic bipolar plates highlights Monel 400 for its ability to maintain low interfacial contact resistance (ICR) without the need for expensive gold or platinum coatings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWM400MS (C-BEFC-WM400MS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241770041574,"sku":"CBEFCWM400MS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWM400MS.png?v=1767377049"},{"product_id":"ceacb","title":"Carbon Black (eg: Super P, Vulcan XC, Ketjen) Powder as Conductive Electrode Additive, 50 g\/bottle, CEACB","description":"\u003cp\u003eConductive carbon black is an essential additive in battery electrodes, used to create a \"percolative network\" that allows electrons to move between active materials and the current collector. While most active materials (like LFP or Graphite) are poor conductors, adding just 2% to 10% carbon black can drastically reduce internal resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuper P\u003c\/strong\u003e: The global \"standard\" for R\u0026amp;D. It features a moderate surface area (~62 m²\/g) and high purity. Its \"grape-like\" clusters are easy to disperse and excellent for general-purpose lithium-ion cathodes and anodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eSuper C45 \u0026amp; C65\u003c\/strong\u003e: These are high-performance upgrades to Super P. C45 is optimized for high dispersion at low loading, while C65 is an ultra-pure version with even lower metallic impurities, making it ideal for high-voltage cells where stability is critical.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eKetjenblack\u003c\/strong\u003e: Known as a \"superconductor\" grade. It has an extreme surface area (~1,300 m²\/g) and a highly branched structure. You can use significantly less of it (often 1\/3 or 1\/6 the amount of Super P) to achieve the same conductivity, leaving more room for active energy-storing material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) \u003cstrong\u003eAcetylene Black\u003c\/strong\u003e: Produced by the thermal decomposition of acetylene gas. It is prized for its high chemical purity and very low moisture content, which is vital for moisture-sensitive chemistries like Lithium-Sulfur.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) \u003cstrong\u003eVulcan XC72R\u003c\/strong\u003e: It has a \"high structure,\" meaning its primary particles are fused into branched chains. These chains create a percolation network that allows electricity to flow across the electrode even at low concentrations. XC72R features very low levels of sulfur and metallic impurities. This is vital in fuel cells, as impurities can poison the catalyst and drastically reduce the lifespan of the device.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(6) \u003cstrong\u003eVulcan\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eBP2000\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cabot Vulcan BP2000 (often simply called BP2000) is an ultra-high surface area conductive carbon black. It is one of the most powerful conductive additives available for electrochemical systems, specifically designed for applications that require maximum electronic conductivity with the lowest possible weight loading. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 249.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEACB (C-EA-CB)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCarbon Black Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(1) Super P        (2) Super C45        (3) Super C65\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(4) Ketjenblack   (5) Acetylene Black\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(6) Vulcan XC-72   (7) Vulcan XC-72R    (8) Vulcan BP2000\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 90.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 90.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area (BET)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 90.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Super P: 62 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Super C45: 63 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(3) Super C65: 65 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(4) Ketjenblack: ~1300 m²\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(5) Acetylene Black: 110 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(6) Vulcan XC-72: 250 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(7) Vulcan XC-72R: 250 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(8) Vulcan BP2000: 1500 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the carbon black powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775310011420\"\u003eM. E. Spahr, et al. Development of carbon conductive additives for advanced lithium ion batteries, J. Power Sources, 2021, 196, 3404-3413\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1385894721008317\"\u003eK. H. Nam, et al. Superior carbon black: High-performance anode and conducting additive for rechargeable Li- and Na-ion batteries, Chem. Engineering J., 2021, 417, 129242\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Super P","offer_id":47243771969766,"sku":"CEACBSP","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Super C45","offer_id":47354169622758,"sku":"CEACBSC45","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Super C65","offer_id":47243772002534,"sku":"CEACBSC65","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Ketjenblack","offer_id":47243772035302,"sku":"CEACBKJB","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Acetylene Black","offer_id":47243772068070,"sku":"CEACBAB","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47356879634662,"sku":"CEACBVXC72","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Vulcan XC-72R","offer_id":47243888853222,"sku":"CEACBVXC72R","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Vulcan BP2000","offer_id":47243897635046,"sku":"CEACBVBP2000","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEACB_main.png?v=1767475907"},{"product_id":"ccbeagks6","title":"Synthetic Graphite (KS6) Powder as Conductive Battery Electrode Additive, 100 g\/bottle, CCBEAGKS6","description":"\u003cp\u003eTIMREX KS6 is a high-purity primary synthetic graphite produced by Imerys Graphite \u0026amp; Carbon. In battery and electrochemical applications, it is used as a conductive additive to improve the power density and processing of electrodes. While carbon blacks like Super P provide a \"bridge\" between particles, KS6's platy morphology helps create a lubricated, layered network that enhances both conductivity and the physical density of the electrode. The key features of KS6 graphite are shown below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) KS6 provides excellent electronic conductivity, especially in the \"in-plane\" direction of the graphite flakes. It is often used in combination with carbon black to create a hybrid conductive network that covers both long-range and short-range electron transport.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Because of its lubricity and shape, KS6 allows for higher compaction density during the calendering (pressing) process. This means you can pack more active material into the same volume, increasing the overall energy density of the battery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) The high crystallinity of KS6 supports fast electron kinetics, which is critical for high-power applications where the battery must charge or discharge very quickly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 168.8px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCBEAGKS6 (C-CBEA-GKS6)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSize Distribution\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 103.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eD10: 1.5 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eD50: 3.4 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eD90: 6.2 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Impurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSi: 94 ppm     Fe: 91 ppm      Ca: 32 ppm     S: 14 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area (BET)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the conductive KS6 graphite powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775304002903\"\u003eM. S. Michael, et al. High voltage electrochemical double layer capacitors using conductive carbons as additives, J. Power Sources, 2004, 136, 250-256\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/celc.202200884\"\u003eL. Zhang, et al. In-situ Sacrificial Positive Additive Strategy for the Construction of a Stable Negative Interface in Dual Graphite Batteries, ChemElectroChem, 2022, 9, e202200884\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"ZKYX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47243845337318,"sku":"CCBEAGKS6","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCBEAGKS6_main.png?v=1767484438"},{"product_id":"cceagp","title":"Graphene Powder as Conductive Electrode Additive, 50 g\/bottle, CCEAGP","description":"\u003cp\u003eGraphene is a revolutionary 2D conductive additive that is increasingly used to complement or replace traditional carbon black in battery and supercapacitor electrodes. Due to its single-atom thickness and hexagonal honeycomb lattice, it offers the highest known electrical conductivity at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGraphene acts as a \"planar bridge,\" creating a high-speed electron highway across the electrode surface. (1) Graphene's electron mobility is significantly higher than carbon black. This allows lithium or sodium ions to move more freely, potentially reducing charging times from hours to under 30 minutes. (2) Unlike rigid carbon additives, graphene is flexible. In anodes like Silicon (which swell by 300% during charging), graphene sheets can wrap around the particles, maintaining electrical contact even as the material expands and contracts. (3) Because graphene is so efficient, you can use much less of it (often \u0026lt;1% loading) compared to carbon black (3–10%). This leaves more room for active energy-storing materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 136.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEAGP (C-CEA-GP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSize Distribution\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e5-8 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Impurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFe: 150 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBulk Density\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.2 g\/cm3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the graphene powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2095495618301475\"\u003eY. Shi, et al. Choice for graphene as conductive additive for cathode of lithium-ion batteries, J. Energy Chem., 2019, 30, 19-26\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0008622323009892\"\u003eR. E. Williams, et al. Few-layer graphene as an ‘active’ conductive additive for flexible aqueous supercapacitor electrodes, Carbon, 2024, 218, 118744\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47243902091494,"sku":"CCEAGP","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSCEAGP_main.png?v=1767560090"},{"product_id":"cceags","title":"Graphene Slurry as Conductive Electrode Additive, 100 g\/bottle, CCEAGS","description":"\u003cp\u003eGraphene is a revolutionary 2D conductive additive that is increasingly used to complement or replace traditional carbon black in battery and supercapacitor electrodes. Due to its single-atom thickness and hexagonal honeycomb lattice, it offers the highest known electrical conductivity at room temperature.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGraphene acts as a \"planar bridge,\" creating a high-speed electron highway across the electrode surface. (1) Graphene's electron mobility is significantly higher than carbon black. This allows lithium or sodium ions to move more freely, potentially reducing charging times from hours to under 30 minutes. (2) Unlike rigid carbon additives, graphene is flexible. In anodes like Silicon (which swell by 300% during charging), graphene sheets can wrap around the particles, maintaining electrical contact even as the material expands and contracts. (3) Because graphene is so efficient, you can use much less of it (often \u0026lt;1% loading) compared to carbon black (3–10%). This leaves more room for active energy-storing materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe graphene slurry (aqueous and non-aqueous) is ready-for-use in electrode slurry without extensive dispersion proses.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 146px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEAGS (C-CEA-GS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSlurry Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1. Aqueous Graphene Slurry in Water\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2. Non-Aqueous Graphene Slurry in NMP \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid Content \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e5.0 wt%\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the graphene slurry in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2095495618301475\"\u003eY. Shi, et al. Choice for graphene as conductive additive for cathode of lithium-ion batteries, J. Energy Chem., 2019, 30, 19-26\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0008622323009892\"\u003eR. E. Williams, et al. Few-layer graphene as an ‘active’ conductive additive for flexible aqueous supercapacitor electrodes, Carbon, 2024, 218, 118744\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZTFKJ","offers":[{"title":"Aqueous Graphene Slurry in Water","offer_id":47244218269926,"sku":"CCEAGSA","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Non-Aqueous Graphene Slurry in NMP","offer_id":47244218302694,"sku":"CCEAGSNA","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSCEAGS_main.png?v=1767560395"},{"product_id":"cceaswcntp","title":"Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs, OCSiAl) Powder as Conductive Electrode Additive, 5 g\/bottle, CCEASWCNTP","description":"\u003cp\u003eSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are the \"gold standard\" of conductive additives for electrochemical systems. Unlike multi-walled nanotubes or carbon black, SWCNTs consist of a single layer of graphene rolled into a cylinder, giving them ballistic conductivity and a massive aspect ratio (length-to-diameter).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In battery applications, SWCNTs act as \"molecular ropes\" that wrap around silicon particles, maintaining electrical contact even as the particles swell and shrink. SWCNTs allow for thicker electrodes without increasing internal resistance. This leads to higher energy density by reducing the amount of inactive current collector material needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzer and fuel cell application, SWCNTs provide a high-surface-area support for platinum nanoparticles. Research shows that Pt\/SWCNT catalysts can achieve up to 3x higher power density per gram of platinum compared to standard carbon black supports. Moreover, Their high crystallinity makes them more resistant to the harsh, acidic, and high-voltage conditions of fuel cell start-up\/shut-down cycles, significantly extending the device's lifespan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In supercapacitor system, SWCNT films are highly conductive that functions as both the active material and the current collector, creating ultra-lightweight and flexible energy storage for wearable electronics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 136.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEASWCNTP (C-CEA-SWCNTP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrand\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOCSiAl\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Size of SWCNT\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e1.6 nm (TEM)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSWCNT length\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u0026gt;5 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSWCNT content in Carbon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;97% (carbon content is \u0026gt;99%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eG\/D ratio\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e93 (Raman)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSSWCNTP_Raman_160x160.png?v=1767514627\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1160 m2\/g (BET)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGA\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSSWCNTP_TGA_160x160.png?v=1767514627\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the SWCNT powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3526601\/meta\"\u003eU. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, et al. Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Additives on the Performance of LiCoO2-Based Electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, A174\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11581-019-03391-w\"\u003eX. M. Fan, et al. Single-walled carbon nanotube as conductive additive for SiO\/C composite electrodes in pouch-type lithium-ion batteries, Ionics, 2020, 26, 1721–1728\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47244266930406,"sku":"CCEASWCNTP","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSSWCNTP_main.png?v=1767518443"},{"product_id":"cceaswcnts","title":"Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs, OCSiAl) Slurry as Conductive Electrode Additive, 100 g\/bottle, CCEASWCNTS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSingle-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are the \"gold standard\" of conductive additives for electrochemical systems. Unlike multi-walled nanotubes or carbon black, SWCNTs consist of a single layer of graphene rolled into a cylinder, giving them ballistic conductivity and a massive aspect ratio (length-to-diameter).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In battery applications, SWCNTs act as \"molecular ropes\" that wrap around silicon particles, maintaining electrical contact even as the particles swell and shrink. SWCNTs allow for thicker electrodes without increasing internal resistance. This leads to higher energy density by reducing the amount of inactive current collector material needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzer and fuel cell application, SWCNTs provide a high-surface-area support for platinum nanoparticles. Research shows that Pt\/SWCNT catalysts can achieve up to 3x higher power density per gram of platinum compared to standard carbon black supports. Moreover, Their high crystallinity makes them more resistant to the harsh, acidic, and high-voltage conditions of fuel cell start-up\/shut-down cycles, significantly extending the device's lifespan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In supercapacitor system, SWCNT films are highly conductive that functions as both the active material and the current collector, creating ultra-lightweight and flexible energy storage for wearable electronics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe single-wall carbon nanotube slurry (aqueous and non-aqueous) is ready-for-use in electrode slurry without extensive dispersion processing.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 279.337px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEASWCNTS (C-CEA-SWCNTS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 20.7px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 20.7px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBrand\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 20.7px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOCSiAl\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 76.425px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 76.425px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSlurry Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 76.425px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e1. Aqueous SWCNTs slurry in Water\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e2. Non-Aqueous SWCNTs slurry in NMP \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSWCNT Solid Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~0.4 wt%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSlurry Viscosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAqueous: ~1000 cP\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNon-Aqueous: ~2500 cP\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.8125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.8125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.8125px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the SWCNTs slurry in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3526601\/meta\"\u003eU. Dettlaff-Weglikowska, et al. Effect of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Conductive Additives on the Performance of LiCoO2-Based Electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, A174\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11581-019-03391-w\"\u003eX. M. Fan, et al. Single-walled carbon nanotube as conductive additive for SiO\/C composite electrodes in pouch-type lithium-ion batteries, Ionics, 2020, 26, 1721–1728\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Aqueous SWCNTs Slurry in Water","offer_id":47244356911334,"sku":"CCEASWCNTSA","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Non-Aqueous SWCNTs Slurry in NMP","offer_id":47244356944102,"sku":"CCEASWCNTSNA","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSSWCNTS_main.png?v=1767518606"},{"product_id":"cceamwcntp","title":"Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs, \u003e99%) Powder as Conductive Electrode Additive, 50 g\/bottle, CCEAMWCNTP","description":"\u003cp\u003eMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a critical conductive additive in electrochemistry, used primarily as a lower-cost, high-performance alternative to single-walled nanotubes. They consist of multiple nested graphene cylinders, providing a robust one-dimensional (1D) conductive network that is particularly effective at reinforcing electrodes and facilitating electron transfer in thick or high-loading systems. The critical features of MWCNT are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Aspect Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e: Their length-to-diameter ratio (\u0026gt;100) allows them to reach the percolation threshold at much lower concentrations than carbon black. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: MWCNTs are stable up to \u0026gt;600°C, making them safe for use in high-temperature electrochemical cells or battery thermal runaway scenarios. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Versatility\u003c\/strong\u003e: The outer walls of MWCNTs can be easily functionalized (e.g., adding -COOH or -OH groups) to improve their dispersion in water-based binders or to attach specific proteins for biosensing. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In battery applications, especially for thick electrode, MWCNT penetrate these deep layers more effectively than spherical carbon black, reducing internal resistance and improving the rate capability (fast charging).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzer and fuel cell application, MWCNTs are widely used as a substrate for Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. Their high surface area and chemical stability improve the durability of the catalyst layer, resisting the corrosive, high-voltage conditions of fuel cell operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In supercapacitor system, MWCNTs films are highly conductive that functions as both the active material and the current collector, creating ultra-lightweight and flexible energy storage for wearable electronics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 136.4px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEAMWCNTP (C-CEA-MWCNTP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Size of MWCNT\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eI.D. = 3-5 nm,   O.D. = 8-15 nm    \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMWCNT length\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e~10-50 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSWCNT content in Carbon\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;99%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;233 m2\/g (BET)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTGA\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCEAMWCNTP_TGA_160x160.png?v=1767518948\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the MWCNTs powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468607010493\"\u003eQ. S. Song, et al. Performance improvement of pasted nickel electrodes with multi-wall carbon nanotubes for rechargeable nickel batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 53, 1890-1896\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1385894717312470\"\u003eM. S. Wang, et al. One dimensional and coaxial polyaniline@tin dioxide@multi-wall carbon nanotube as advanced conductive additive free anode for lithium ion battery, Chem. Engineering J., 2018, 334, 162-171\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZTFKJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47244361695462,"sku":"CCEAMWCNTP","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCEAMWCNTP_main.png?v=1767518780"},{"product_id":"cceamwcnts","title":"Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) Slurry as Conductive Electrode Additive, 100 g\/bottle, CCEAMWCNTS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMulti-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are a critical conductive additive in electrochemistry, used primarily as a lower-cost, high-performance alternative to single-walled nanotubes. They consist of multiple nested graphene cylinders, providing a robust one-dimensional (1D) conductive network that is particularly effective at reinforcing electrodes and facilitating electron transfer in thick or high-loading systems. The critical features of MWCNT are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Aspect Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e: Their length-to-diameter ratio (\u0026gt;100) allows them to reach the percolation threshold at much lower concentrations than carbon black. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: MWCNTs are stable up to \u0026gt;600°C, making them safe for use in high-temperature electrochemical cells or battery thermal runaway scenarios. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Versatility\u003c\/strong\u003e: The outer walls of MWCNTs can be easily functionalized (e.g., adding -COOH or -OH groups) to improve their dispersion in water-based binders or to attach specific proteins for biosensing. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In battery applications, especially for thick electrode, MWCNT penetrate these deep layers more effectively than spherical carbon black, reducing internal resistance and improving the rate capability (fast charging).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzer and fuel cell application, MWCNTs are widely used as a substrate for Platinum (Pt) nanoparticles. Their high surface area and chemical stability improve the durability of the catalyst layer, resisting the corrosive, high-voltage conditions of fuel cell operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In supercapacitor system, MWCNTs films are highly conductive that functions as both the active material and the current collector, creating ultra-lightweight and flexible energy storage for wearable electronics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe multi-wall carbon nanotube slurry (aqueous and non-aqueous) is ready-for-use in electrode slurry without intensive dispersion processing. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 124px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEAMWCNTS (C-CEA-MWCNTS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSlurry Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e1. Aqueous SWCNTs slurry in Water\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e2. Non-Aqueous SWCNTs slurry in NMP \u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMWCNT Solid Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eAqueous: 5.0 wt%\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eNon-Aqueous: 4.3 wt%\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLarge quantities can be supplied upon request.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the MWCNTs slurry in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468607010493\"\u003eQ. S. Song, et al. Performance improvement of pasted nickel electrodes with multi-wall carbon nanotubes for rechargeable nickel batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 2007, 53, 1890-1896\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1385894717312470\"\u003eM. S. Wang, et al. One dimensional and coaxial polyaniline@tin dioxide@multi-wall carbon nanotube as advanced conductive additive free anode for lithium ion battery, Chem. Engineering J., 2018, 334, 162-171\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"Aqueous MWCNTs Slurry in Water","offer_id":47244830638310,"sku":"CCEAMWCNTSA","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Non-Aqueous MWCNTs Slurry in NMP","offer_id":47244830671078,"sku":"CCEAMWCNTSNA","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCEAMWCNTS_main.png?v=1767551384"},{"product_id":"cceavgcfhp","title":"Vapor Grown Carbon Fiber (VGCF-H) Powder as Conductive Electrode Additive, 10 g\/bottle, CCEAVGCFHP","description":"\u003cp\u003eVapor Grown Carbon Fiber (VGCF-H) is a highly graphitized, one-dimensional (1D) conductive additive used in a variety of electrochemical applications. It is synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and is prized for its ability to form network-like \"bridges\" that connect active material particles over long distances. The key features of VGCF-H are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLong-Distance Conductive Paths\u003c\/strong\u003e: While carbon black (Super P) provides \"point-to-point\" contact at short ranges, the fibrous structure of VGCF (up to 20 µm in length) creates long-range electrical highways. This is especially critical in thick electrodes where electrons must travel further to reach the current collector. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Reinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as a structural anchor. During the expansion and contraction of active materials (e.g., in Silicon-rich anodes), VGCF fibers maintain electrical contact where brittle spherical additives might fail. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectrolyte Absorption \u0026amp; Wicking\u003c\/strong\u003e: The hollow microstructure of VGCF allows it to absorb and hold liquid electrolyte. This facilitates faster ion transport and improves performance during high-rate (C-rate) discharge and low-temperature operation. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In battery applications, VGCF-H is normally used in both cathodes (NMC, LFP) and anodes to improve current distribution. It is often paired with Super P in a hybrid conductive network for optimal performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzer and fuel cell application, VGCF-H is incorporated into the Microporous Layer (MPL) or catalyst layers to manage water and gas transport. It creates larger pore volumes, which helps reduce water flooding at the cathode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In supercapacitor system, VGCF-H is added to aerogel or porous carbon electrodes to reduce internal resistance and increase power density through synergistic effects with pseudocapacitive materials like polypyrrole.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 163.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCEAVGCFHP (C-CEA-VGCFHP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 31.1875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 31.1875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Diameter of VGCF-H\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 31.1875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e~150 nm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Length of VGCF-H\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e~8 um\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eResistivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.1 mΩ cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e13 m2\/g (BET)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 31.2125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 31.2125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 31.2125px;\"\u003e10 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the VGCF-H powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775310018926\"\u003eS. Yoshihara, et al. Designing current collector\/composite electrode interfacial structure of organic radical battery, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7806-7811\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.3c05713\"\u003eN. Lee, et al. Rationally Designed Solution-Processible Conductive Carbon Additive Coating for Sulfide-based All-Solid-State Batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 29, 34931–34940\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"ZKYX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47244875530470,"sku":"CCEAVGCFHP","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCEAVGCFHP_main.png?v=1767554587"},{"product_id":"ce3escreaa","title":"Three-Electrode Swagelok Cell (Φ= 12, 20 mm) with Ag\/AgCl Reference Electrode for Electrochemistry Research, CE3ESCREAA","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemistry research, a three-electrode Swagelok cell (often referred to as a \"T-cell\" due to its shape) is a foundational tool used to isolate and study the behavior of individual battery components.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike a standard two-electrode cell which only measures the total cell voltage, a three-electrode setup introduces a Reference Electrode (RE). This allows researchers to \"decouple\" the working electrode (WE) from the counter electrode (CE), enabling independent measurement of anode and cathode potentials during operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 207.412px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCE3ESCREAA (C-E-3ESCREAA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eTop\/Bottom Metal Cap Parts: Pure Ti (suitable for most electrochemical electrolytes) and pure Mo for highly acidic\/basic solution.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eSleeve: PTFE\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard I.D: 12 mm, 20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Any other sizes, such as 10 mm, 14 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm are available upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMax. Operation Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e200 ºC under tightening pressure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCustomized Options \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(1) If customer needs other types of reference electrodes, such as Ag\/Ag+, Ha\/HgO, SCE, we can supply them upon request\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 34.1375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 34.1375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 34.1375px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RGYY","offers":[{"title":"I.D. 12 mm (Pure Ti)","offer_id":47248020799718,"sku":"CE3ESCREAAID12Ti","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"I.D. 20 mm (Pure Ti)","offer_id":47248020832486,"sku":"CE3ESCREAAID20Ti","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"I.D. 12 mm (Pure Mo)","offer_id":47248038166758,"sku":"CE3ESCREAAID12Mo","price":289.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"I.D. 20 mm (Pure Mo)","offer_id":47248038199526,"sku":"CE3ESCREAAID20Mo","price":579.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CE3ESCREAA_main.png?v=1767682605"},{"product_id":"cfbefcspeekp","title":"Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK, NEXIONIC) Powder for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCSPEEKP","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) in powder form is a versatile ion-exchange material used to fabricate membranes for fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water electrolysis. It is favored as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to perfluorinated membranes like Nafion. SPEEK is produced by the sulfonation of PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) powder. PEEK itself is hydrophobic and non-conductive; by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) are attached to the polymer backbone. Its main application in electrochemistry is as ion-exchange membrane for redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCSPEEKP (C-FBEFC-SPEEKP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/SPEEK_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768579884\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white to slight yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfonation Degree \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60% (Other sulfonation degrees, such as 50 %, 70%, 80% can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolubility\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissolved in NMP, DMSO, DMF solvents\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003eQ. Luo, et al., Preparation and characterization of Nafion\/SPEEK layered composite membrane and its application in vanadium redox flow battery, J. Membrane Sci., 2008, 325, 553-558\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003eT. Huang, et al., Impact of SPEEK on PEEK membranes: Demixing, morphology and performance enhancement in lithium membrane extraction, J. Membrane Sci., 2020, 615, 118448.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YYSJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47272369684710,"sku":"CFBEFCSPEEKP","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCSPEEKP_main.png?v=1768542407"},{"product_id":"chtefciempbi","title":"Economic Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Ion-Exchange Membrane for High-Temperature Electroyzer and Fuel Cell, CHTEFCIEMPBI","description":"\u003cp\u003ePolybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high-performance polymer that has revolutionized electrochemical systems by enabling operation at \"intermediate\" to \"high\" temperatures (120°C to 200°C). While standard fuel cells (like Nafion-based PEMFCs) are limited to below 100°C, PBI-based systems offer significant advantages in both energy production (fuel cells) and hydrogen production (electrolyzers).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn high-temperature electrolyzer field, PBI is increasingly used in electrolysis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen more efficiently. Its features are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eFaster Kinetics\u003c\/strong\u003e: High temperatures reduce the \"overpotential\" (extra energy) needed to trigger the chemical reaction. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Thermal Integration\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-temperature electrolysis can use waste heat from industrial processes to provide part of the energy needed for the reaction, significantly lowering electricity costs. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDurability\u003c\/strong\u003e: PBI acts as a stable separator that prevents the product gases (H2 and O2) from mixing, which is a major safety requirement in high-pressure electrolysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn high-temperature fuel cell application, PBI allows the system to operate at 160°C–180°C. This higher temperature provides three game-changing benefits: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCO Tolerance\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 80°C, even 10 ppm of Carbon Monoxide (CO) can poison the platinum catalyst. At 180°C, the cell can tolerate up to 3% CO, allowing the use of less-pure hydrogen from reformed fuels (like methanol or natural gas). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSimplified Cooling\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because the cell is much hotter than the ambient air, the radiator size can be reduced by up to 50%. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eWater Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: There is no \"liquid water\" to flood the pores; water is produced as steam and easily exhausted.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 182.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCHTEFCIEMPBI (C-HTEFC-IEMPBI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBIEMPBI_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768589215\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBrown or Dark Brown\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 40 um * L 100mm * W 100 mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e80-105 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAcid Absorption Amount\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e400 wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100-130 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThermal Stability\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~350 °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe membrane pack should be stored at 18-28°C and relative humidity is 30-70%. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsaem.3c00522\"\u003eK. Likit-anurak, et al., Polybenzimidazole Membranes as Nafion Replacement in Aqueous HCl Electrolyzers, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023, 6, 10, 5429–5434\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2405829721005936\"\u003eQ. Li, et al., PBI-Based Polymer Membranes for High Temperature Fuel Cells – Preparation, Characterization and Fuel Cell Demonstration, Fuel Cells, 2004, 4, 147-159.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47277263782118,"sku":"CHTEFCIEMPBI","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CHTEFCIEMPBI_main.png?v=1768710915"},{"product_id":"crfbeaemfapq330","title":"FAPQ-330 Anion-Exchange Membrane for Redox Flow Battery and Electrolyzer, CRFBEAEMFAPQ330","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep FAPQ-330 is a specialized Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) manufactured by Fumatech. It is widely used in high-performance Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs), particularly the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), where it serves as a critical separator between the positive and negative electrolytes. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike traditional cation-exchange membranes (like Nafion), the FAPQ-330 is designed to conduct anions while significantly blocking the crossover of positively charged metal ions (like V2+, V3+, VO2+). This reduces self-discharge and maintains capacity over long cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe FAPQ-330 membranes are widely used for redox flow battery due to the following reasons: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Crossover\u003c\/strong\u003e: In Vanadium batteries, the crossover of vanadium ions leads to permanent loss of efficiency. Because this membrane is an Anion Exchanger, its fixed positive charges naturally repel the positive vanadium cations (the Donnan exclusion principle). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEfficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: It typically achieves Coulombic Efficiencies (CE) of \u0026gt;98% and supports higher current densities (100 - 250 mA\/cm2) compared to thicker or reinforced membranes. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: Despite being non-reinforced, it maintains good tensile strength (20-45 MPa) and low swelling, which prevents the membrane from wrinkling or tearing within the cell stack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe FAPQ-330 membrane is specifically noted for being highly resistant to chlorine. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical Chlorine Production\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in specialized cells where chlorine gas is a byproduct, which would normally degrade or \"bleach\" a standard exchange membrane. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSeawater Electrolysis Research\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is used in lab-scale setups for seawater splitting or desalination research because it can handle the high chloride content without losing its mechanical integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBEAEMFAPQ330 (C-RFBE-AEMFAPQ330)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSlightly Opaque\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle-side PET (need peeling off), no reinforcement layer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 30um * W 100mm * L 100mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChloride \/ Methylsulfate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight Per Unit Area    \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e4.0 – 5.0 mg cm^-2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Specific Resistance (ohm cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt; 0.35 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt; 0.35 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 85% (0.1 \/ 0.5 mol\/kg KCl at T = 25 °C)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eConductivity (0.5M H2SO4) \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9-12 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90-96% (0.1\/0.5 mol\/kg KCl)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5.500 μmol min^- 1 c m^-2\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 – 45 MPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003epH Stability \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable when pH 1-9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FuelCellStore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47277366542566,"sku":"CRFBEAEMFAPQ330","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBAEMFAP450_main.png?v=1768494374"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemfs","title":"Cation-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, FS Series) for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep (Fumapem) FS series is a family of perfluorinated cation-exchange membranes (PFSA) manufactured by Fumatech BWT. These are high-stability, high-performance materials built on a perfluorosulfonic acid backbone, making them the industry’s direct alternatives to Nafion. The series is categorized by thickness and reinforcement, primarily serving the hydrogen fuel cell, water electrolysis, and redox flow battery markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-930 (The Standard Thin Film)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is often used in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) and portable PEM fuel cells. Because it lacks reinforcement, it has a slightly higher swelling ratio than the RFS version but provides a very clear ionic path. In VRFB applications, it is valued for its high proton transfer rate (\u0026gt; 28,000 nmol\/min\/cm2).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-930-RFS (Reinforced and Stabilized)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is a premium automotive-grade membrane. It features an internal reinforcement (typically ePTFE mesh). The \"RFS\" designation stands for reinforced and stabilized. It offers extremely low dimensional swelling (\u0026lt; 6%) and high mechanical stability, making it ideal for systems that undergo frequent humidity cycling (start-stop cycles). It maintains very high conductivity (\u0026gt; 120 mS\/cm) despite the reinforcement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-950 (Medium Thickness)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used for stationary fuel cells and VRFBs. In flow batteries, the extra thickness (50 μm) compared to the 930 series provides a better physical barrier against vanadium ion crossover, which improves the coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of the battery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-990-PK (PEEK Reinforced)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most robust membrane in the FS lineup. It features a woven PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) mesh, which is mainly designed for Water Electrolysis or high-pressure systems. The PEEK mesh allows the membrane to withstand high differential pressures between the H2 and O2 chambers. The PEEK mesh offers superior thermal and chemical resistance compared to standard PET reinforcements, allowing for higher operating temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS930\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS930RFS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS950\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS990PK\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Name\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-930\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-930-RFS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-950\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-990-PK\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27-32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45-55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85-100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (RFS, ePTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (Peek Mesh)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance (0.5M H₂SO₄, Ω·cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.02\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.45\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Exchange Capacity (IEC)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.15 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1-1.25 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Characteristics \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard thin film; low ohmic resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReinforced for dimensional stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetter barrier against ion crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtreme mechanical\/thermal stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Cases\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePortable Fuel Cells \/ VRFB\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutomotive PEMFC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStationary PEMFC \/ VRFB\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy-duty Electrolysis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"FS-930","offer_id":47375147303142,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS930","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-930-RFS","offer_id":47375147335910,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS930RFS","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-950","offer_id":47375147368678,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS950","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-990-PK","offer_id":47375147401446,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS990PK","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMFS_main.png?v=1771745272"},{"product_id":"cpemfccemrfs930","title":"FS-930-RFS Cation-Exchange Membrane with Reinforce for Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, CPEMFCCEMRFS930","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumapem FS-930-RFS is a perfluorinated Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) specifically engineered for high-performance Hydrogen Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (H2-PEMFC). While the standard FS-930 is common in flow batteries, the \"RFS\" designation indicates that this version is Reinforced and Stabilized, making it the industrial choice for fuel cells in demanding environments like heavy-duty transport or marine power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe FS-930-RFS membrane with reinforce includes an internal mesh that provides high mechanical stability and prevents the membrane from tearing or creeping under the pressure of a fuel cell stack. It has significantly lower swelling (\u0026lt; 6%) compared to non-reinforced membranes, which is critical for preventing leaks and maintaining gas separation during humidity cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCPEMFCCEMRFS930 (C-PEMFC-CEMRFS930)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle-side PET (need peeling off)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eePTFE\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 30um * W 100mm * L 100mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH+\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight Per Unit Area    \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e55-75 g m^-2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Specific Resistance (ohm cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt; 0.0.1 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt; 0.35 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 85% (0.1 \/ 0.5 mol\/kg KCl at T = 25 °C)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;99% (0.1\/0.5 mol\/kg KCl)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;25 MPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003epH Stability \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable when pH 1-9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47277655097574,"sku":"CPEMFCCEMRFS930","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBEAEMFAPQ330_main.png?v=1768721861"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemn","title":"Nafion (N117, N115, N212, N211, NC700) Cation-Exchange Membrane for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMN","description":"\u003cp\u003eNafion™ is the \"gold standard\" material for all three technologies due to its perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) chemistry, which offers unmatched chemical stability and proton conductivity. However, the specific grade and thickness used vary significantly based on the operating pressures and crossover requirements of each system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn redox flow battery applications, thick Nafion 117 and 115 are used to create a long, difficult path for bulky vanadium or organic ions to travel through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyzer applications, thicker membranes like Nafion 117 are standard because they provide the mechanical strength to withstand these pressure differences without rupturing. A thick membrane is a better barrier against gas crossover, ensuring that the hydrogen produced is high-purity (\u0026gt;99.9%) and doesn't create an explosive mixture with oxygen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the fuel cell application field, thinner membranes like Nafion 212 (50 um) or 211 (25 um) have much lower resistance, allowing for higher current densities. Thin membranes allow water to move back and forth more easily (\"back-diffusion\"), which helps keep the membrane from drying out during high-power operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN117\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN115\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN212\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN211\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNC700\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e183\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e127\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e51\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity (g\/cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e360\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e250\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity (S\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.083\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), MD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), TD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Content (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Absorption (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Application field for the above Nafion membrane products:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN117\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vanadium redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and DMFC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN115\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vanadium redox flow battery, water electrolyzer, fuel cell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN212\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEM electrolyzer and water treatment under a medium-pressure system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN211\u003c\/strong\u003e: Light electrolyzer and high-power fuel cell system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNC700\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-power electrolyzer and fuel cell stack.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) N212, N211, and NC700 have two protective layers that should be removed before use, and no extra pretreatment is needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) M115 and N117 can be pretreated: 5% H2O2 solution (1h), DI water rinse (0.5h), 5 wt% dilute H2SO4 at 80 °C (1h), DI water rinse (0.5h).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"N117","offer_id":47284079624422,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN117","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N115","offer_id":47284079657190,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN115","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N212","offer_id":47284079689958,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN212","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N211","offer_id":47284079722726,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN211","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"NC700","offer_id":47284079755494,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNNC700","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMN_main.png?v=1768972169"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemepfsa","title":"Economic PFSA Cation-Exchange Membrane for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMEPFSA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePFSA (Perfluorosulfonic Acid) membranes are the most widely used type of cation exchange membrane in high-performance electrochemical systems. They are defined by a \"Teflon-like\" hydrophobic backbone with side chains ending in hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups. (1) In redox flow battery application, it conducts H+ while blocking vanadium ions to store energy. (2) In electrolyzer application field, it conducts H+ to produce green hydrogen or hydrocarbon from water and CO2. (3) In fuel cell application field, it conducts H+ from anode to cathode to generate power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe economic PFSA membranes can be great alternatives to the expensive Nafion counterparts. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA3015\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e175\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e125\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity (g\/cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3345\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity (S\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), MD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Content (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Uptake (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eePTFE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e: (1) Application field for above economic PFSA membrane products:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePFSA117 \u0026amp; PFSA115\u003c\/strong\u003e: Redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePFSA3015 (ePTFE reinforce)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Specially designed for fuel cell application. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) All the PFSA membrane has a protective layer that should be removed before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMEPFSA_02_160x160.png?v=1768977125\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"PFSA117","offer_id":47284130087142,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA117","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"PFSA115","offer_id":47284130119910,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA115","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"PFSA3015","offer_id":47284130218214,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA3015","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMEPFSA_main.png?v=1768977116"},{"product_id":"cscsmhpcmhc01","title":"Microporous Hierarchical-Porous-Carbon (MHC-01) for Supercapacitor and Catalyst Support, 10 g\/bottle, CSCSMHPCMHC01","description":"\u003cp\u003eHierarchical Porous Carbon (HPC) is an advanced electrode material designed to solve the \"energy-power trade-off\" in supercapacitors. It achieves this by integrating multiple pore sizes—macropores, mesopores, and micropores—into a single carbon architecture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a hierarchical system, each level of porosity serves a distinct electrochemical purpose: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMacropores (\u0026gt;50 nm)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These serve as ion reservoirs. They minimize the diffusion distance from the bulk electrolyte into the interior of the carbon particle, ensuring the material is always saturated with charge carriers. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMesopores (2-50 nm)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These act as high-speed transport channels. They connect the reservoirs to the storage sites, allowing ions to move with minimal resistance, which is critical for high power density. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eMicropores (\u0026lt;2 nm)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These provide the massive surface area for charge storage. This is where the electric double-layer (EDL) forms, providing the bulk of the energy density.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompared to microporous carbon, the HPC has the features of high ion diffusion, excellent rate capability, good electrolyte wetting, and superior power density.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 236.275px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 41.175px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 41.175px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 41.175px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSCSMHPCMHC01 (C-SCS-MHPCMHC01)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 22.9px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 22.9px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpecific Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 22.9px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e~2100 m2\/g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePore Volume\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.8-0.9 cm3\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePore Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticle Size (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7-8 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTap Density\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4 g\/cm3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMicropore Portion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~93% (small portion of meso-\/macro-pores)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 10.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrical Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 10.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~12 S\/m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 30.2158%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 69.4245%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e10 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the MHC-01 powder in a dry place (glovebox is the best option). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0008622309001067\"\u003eW. Xing, et al. Hierarchical porous carbons with high performance for supercapacitor electrodes, Carbon, 2009, 47, 1715-1722\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2013\/ee\/c3ee41638k\/unauth\"\u003eL. Qie, et al. Synthesis of functionalized 3D hierarchical porous carbon for high-performance supercapacitors, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013,6, 2497-2504\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"JWTC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47329653162214,"sku":"CSCSMHPCMHC01","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSCSMHPCMHC01_main.png?v=1771197797"},{"product_id":"cefcepptc","title":"Platinum\/Carbon (Pt\/C, Premetek) Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPPtC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003ePlatinum on Carbon (Pt\/C) is the industry-standard electrocatalyst for low-temperature electrochemical devices. It consists of highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles (typically 1–5 nm) anchored to a high-surface-area carbon support (like Vulcan XC-72). Premetek offers a wide variety of Platinum on Carbon (Pt\/C) electrocatalysts specifically designed for use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and electrolyzers.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eIn a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Pt\/C is used at both electrodes to convert chemical energy into electricity. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode (Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction - HOR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Platinum is exceptionally efficient at breaking the H-H bond. Because this reaction is naturally fast, anode platinum loading is typically very low (around 0.05 mg\/cm²). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (Oxygen Reduction Reaction - ORR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the \"bottleneck\" of fuel cell performance. Platinum facilitates the 4-electron reduction of O2 to H2O. This reaction is kinetically sluggish, requiring much higher Pt loading (around 0.3–0.4 mg\/cm²) to reach target power densities. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eChallenges\u003c\/strong\u003e: The cathode environment is highly corrosive (high voltage and acidic), leading to Ostwald ripening (Pt particles merging) and carbon support corrosion over time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eIn a PEM Water Electrolyzer (PEMWE), Pt\/C is primarily used on only one side. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction - HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt\/C is the \"gold standard\" for the HER. It provides the lowest overpotential (energy penalty) for combining protons (H+) and electrons to form H2 gas. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode (Oxygen Evolution Reaction - OER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt\/C is generally NOT used here. The high oxidative potentials at the electrolyzer anode (often \u0026gt;1.4V) would cause the carbon support to burn away (oxidize to CO2) almost instantly. Instead, noble metal oxides like Iridium Oxide (IrO2) or Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) on non-carbon supports are used.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 336px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPPtC (C-EFC-EPPtC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrocatalyst Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 or Ketjen Black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 29.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 29.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 29.6px;\"\u003e5 wt%, 10 wt%, 20 wt%, 40 wt%, and 60 wt%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~230 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~1.0 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.4c10430\"\u003eV. Karimi, et al. An Effective Route to Enhance Pt\/C Electrocatalyst Durability through Addition of Ceramic Nanoparticles to Facilitate Pt Redeposition, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 48, 65993–66007\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2020\/ta\/d0ta08312g\/unauth\"\u003eX. Ren, et al. Current progress and performance improvement of Pt\/C catalysts for fuel cells, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2020,8, 24284-24306\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"5 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348418969830,"sku":"CEFCEPPtC5","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348419002598,"sku":"CEFCEPPtC10","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348419035366,"sku":"CEFCEPPtC20","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348419100902,"sku":"CEFCEPPtC40","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt on Ketjen Black","offer_id":47348453507302,"sku":"CEFCEPPtCKB40","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60 wt% Pt on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47397708071142,"sku":"CEFCEPPtC60","price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60 wt% Pt on Ketjen Black","offer_id":47397708103910,"sku":"CEFCEPPtCKB60","price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPPtC_main.png?v=1772261082"},{"product_id":"cefceptfec","title":"Platinum-Iron (Pt-Fe, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtFeC","description":"\u003cp\u003eAlloying platinum with iron (Pt-Fe) is a strategic approach to overcome the limitations of pure Pt\/C, particularly in fuel cell cathodes. While Pt\/C is the \"standard,\" Pt-Fe alloys offer a significant boost in activity and a reduction in the use of expensive noble metals. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary application for Pt-Fe is the cathode of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Activity (ORR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt-Fe alloys are significantly more active for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) than pure Pt. The \"ligand effect\" and \"strain effect\" from the iron atoms modify the electronic structure of the platinum surface, weakening the binding of oxygen-containing intermediates (OH and O) and allowing the reaction to proceed faster. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eReduced Pt Loading\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because the mass activity of Pt-Fe is typically 3 to 4 times higher than Pt\/C, manufacturers can achieve the same power output using significantly less platinum, which is the most expensive component of the stack. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDurability \u0026amp; Intermetallics\u003c\/strong\u003e: To prevent iron from \"leaching\" into the membrane (which causes degradation), modern Pt-Fe catalysts are often synthesized as ordered intermetallic structures ($L1_0$ phase). This atomic arrangement locks the iron in place, making the catalyst more stable than a random alloy.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyzers, Pt-Fe is less common but has specific niche uses: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: While Pt\/C is excellent for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), researchers explore Pt-Fe to reduce costs. However, the performance gains over pure Pt for HER are generally less dramatic than for the ORR in fuel cells. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eStability Risk\u003c\/strong\u003e: The primary concern in electrolyzers is ion contamination. If iron ions (Fe^2+}\/Fe^3+) leach out of the alloy, they can catalyze the formation of radicals (Fenton reactions) that attack and pinhole the expensive PEM membrane. For this reason, highly stable intermetallic Pt-Fe or \"Pt-skin\" structures (where a pure Pt layer protects the alloy core) are required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCEFCEPtFe11C20\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCEFCEPtFe11C40\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCEFCEPtFe31C40\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrocatalyst Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-iron nanoparticles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-iron nanoparticles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-iron nanoparticles\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Iron Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Fe (1:1 ratio) (15.5 wt% Pt, 4.5 wt% Fe), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Fe (1:1 ratio) (31.1 wt% Pt, 8.9 wt% Fe), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Fe (3:1 ratio) (36.5 wt% Pt, 3.5 wt% Fe), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~75 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~60 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2-3 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3-4 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-6 nm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Fe\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41929-022-00796-1\"\u003eF. Xiao, et al. Atomically dispersed Pt and Fe sites and Pt–Fe nanoparticles for durable proton exchange membrane fuel cells, Nature Catalysis 2022, 5, 503–512\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138824811100124X\"\u003eJ. N. Zhang, et al. Efficient electrocatalysis of cathodic oxygen reduction with Pt–Fe alloy catalyst in microbial fuel cell, Electrochemistry Communications, 2011, 13, 903-905\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Fe (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348492042470,"sku":"CEFCEPtFe11C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Fe (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348492075238,"sku":"CEFCEPtFe11C40","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Fe (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348492108006,"sku":"CEFCEPtFe31C40","price":289.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtFeC_main_renew.png?v=1772269840"},{"product_id":"cefceptcoc","title":"Platinum-Cobalt (Pt-Co, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtCoC","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlatinum-Cobalt (Pt-Co) is currently widely regarded as the most successful Pt-alloy electrocatalyst for commercial applications. It is the specific catalyst used in the cathode of the Toyota Mirai fuel cell stack, proving its viability for mass production. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eIn Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC), Pt-Co is primarily a cathode material for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuperior Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt-Co typically exhibits 3x to 5x higher mass activity than pure Pt\/C. The cobalt atoms cause a \"compressive strain\" on the platinum lattice, which optimizes the distance between Pt atoms. This makes it easier for oxygen to bind, react, and release as water. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eGeometric \u0026amp; Electronic Effects\u003c\/strong\u003e: The addition of Cobalt shifts the d-band center of the Platinum. This prevents oxygen-containing intermediates (like OH) from sticking too strongly to the surface, which \"frees up\" more active sites for new oxygen molecules. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCommercial Maturity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Major suppliers like TANAKA and Johnson Matthey offer Pt-Co as a standard product (e.g., 30% to 50% metal loading) because its synthesis is more reproducible at scale compared to many other alloys.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyzers, Pt-Co alloy electrocata;ysts' roles are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It can be used for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER), but since pure Pt\/C is already extremely efficient for HER, the performance gains from alloying with Cobalt are less significant than they are for the fuel cell's ORR. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCobalt Leaching\u003c\/strong\u003e: A major risk in electrolyzer systems is the acidic environment causing Cobalt ions (Co^2+) to leach out. If these ions migrate into the proton exchange membrane, they can reduce its conductivity and lead to premature failure. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSolution\u003c\/strong\u003e: To mitigate this, manufacturers use acid-etching or de-alloying treatments during production. This creates a \"Pt-skin\" (a thick layer of pure Pt on the outside of the particle) that protects the Pt-Co alloy core from the harsh environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 512.4px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCo11C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCo31C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCo11C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCo31C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCo31KBC40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrocatalyst Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-cobalt nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-cobalt nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-cobalt nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-cobalt nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-cobalt nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKetjen carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Cobalt Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Co (1:1 ratio) (15.4 wt% Pt, 4.6 wt% Co), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) (18.2 wt% Pt, 1.8 wt% Co), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 94.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Co (1:1 ratio) (30.7 wt% Pt, 9.3 wt% Co), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) (36.3 wt% Pt, 3.5 wt% Co), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) (36.3 wt% Pt, 3.5 wt% Co), 60 wt% Ketjen black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~120 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~90 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 37.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~75 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~60 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~110 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~480 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 45.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 45.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-3 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 45.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 45.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4-6 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Co\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.075204jes\/meta\"\u003eM. Oezaslan, et al. Oxygen Electroreduction on PtCo3, PtCo and Pt3Co Alloy Nanoparticles for Alkaline and Acidic PEM Fuel Cells, J. Electrochem. Soc.. 2012, 159 B394\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2008\/zk\/d2ee04211h\/unauth\"\u003eT. Y. Yoo, et al. Scalable production of an intermetallic Pt–Co electrocatalyst for high-power proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells, Energy Environ. Sci., 2023,16, 1146-1154\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Co (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348564689126,"sku":"CEFCEPtCo11C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348564721894,"sku":"CEFCEPtCo31C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Co (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348564754662,"sku":"CEFCEPtCo11C40","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47348874641638,"sku":"CEFCEPtCo31C40","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Co (3:1 ratio) on Ketjen Black","offer_id":47348874674406,"sku":"CEFCEPtCo31CKB40","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtCoC_main_renew.png?v=1772270370"},{"product_id":"cefceptnic","title":"Platinum-Nickel (Pt-Ni, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtNiC","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlatinum-Nickel (Pt-Ni) electrocatalysts represent the \"cutting edge\" of fuel cell research. While Pt-Co is the current commercial standard (used in the Toyota Mirai), Pt-Ni has demonstrated the highest theoretical and lab-scale activity ever recorded for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). The fascination with Pt-Ni lies in its specific crystal structures—particularly the octahedral shape—which can outperform standard Pt\/C by more than 10 times in mass activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eIn PEMFCs, Pt-Ni is the premier candidate for the cathode (ORR). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eThe (111) Facet Advantage\u003c\/strong\u003e: Research into Pt-Ni reached a breakthrough when it was discovered that the Pt3Ni (111) surface is exceptionally active. Octahedral nanoparticles (8-sided) exclusively expose these (111) facets, leading to \"record-breaking\" performance. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMassive Activity Boost\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lab-scale Pt-Ni octahedral catalysts have shown ORR activities up to 90 times higher than state-of-the-art commercial Pt\/C. This allows for significantly lower platinum loading while maintaining high power output. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Tuning\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Nickel atoms cause a lattice contraction (compressive strain) and electronic shifts (ligand effect) that prevent oxygen intermediates from \"sticking\" too tightly to the Platinum, speeding up the reaction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn PEM electrolyzers, Pt-Ni is primarily used at the cathode (HER). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh HER Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt-Ni alloys are highly efficient for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. Interestingly, the activity is \"potential-dependent,\" meaning the catalyst can actually restructure itself during operation to become more active. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eStability Concerns (Leaching)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The main challenge in electrolyzers is the highly acidic environment. Nickel is more prone to leaching (dissolving) than Cobalt or Iron. If Ni^2+ ions escape, they can contaminate the Nafion membrane, reducing its proton conductivity and shortening the system's life. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSolution\u003c\/strong\u003e: Commercial-grade Pt-Ni is often \"de-alloyed\" or \"acid-etched\" during manufacturing to create a Pt-skin—a protective layer of pure platinum that cages the Ni-rich core.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 566.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtNi11C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtNi31C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtNi11C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtNi31C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtNi31KBC60\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrocatalyst Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-nickel nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-nickel nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-nickel nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-nickel nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eVulcan XC-72 carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 165.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHighly dispersed platinum-nickel nanoparticles\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKetjen carbon black\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Cobalt Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Ni (1:1 ratio) (15.4 wt% Pt, 4.6 wt% Ni), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) (18.2 wt% Pt, 1.8 wt% Ni), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Ni (1:1 ratio) (30.8 wt% Pt, 9.2 wt% Ni), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) (36.4 wt% Pt, 3.6 wt% Ni), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 114px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) (54.5 wt% Pt, 5.5 wt% Ni), 60 wt% Ketjen black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~120 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~90 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~75 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~60 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~75 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~320 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-3 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4-6 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-5 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 58.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5199%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.5243%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.9278%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Ni\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1126\/science.aaw7493\"\u003eX. Tian, et al. Engineering bunched Pt-Ni alloy nanocages for efficient oxygen reduction in practical fuel cells, Science, 2019, 366, 855-856\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adma.202206508\"\u003eX. Xia, et al. Mixed-Dimensional Pt–Ni Alloy Polyhedral Nanochains as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Adv. Mater., 2023, 35, 2206508\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Ni (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349045625062,"sku":"CEFCEPtNi11C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349045657830,"sku":"CEFCEPtNi31C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Ni (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349045690598,"sku":"CEFCEPtNi11C40","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349045723366,"sku":"CEFCEPtNi31C40","price":289.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"60 wt% Pt-Ni (3:1 ratio) on Ketjen Black","offer_id":47349045756134,"sku":"CEFCEPtNi31CKB60","price":319.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtNiC_main_renew.png?v=1772300406"},{"product_id":"cefceptcuc","title":"Platinum-Copper (Pt-Cu, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtCuC","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlatinum-Copper (Pt-Cu) electrocatalysts are renowned for their high activity and the unique way they are synthesized, often involving a \"de-alloying\" process to create highly active surfaces. While Pt-Co is the commercial leader, Pt-Cu is frequently cited in research for achieving some of the highest mass activities for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eIn fuel cells, Pt-Cu is primarily utilized at the cathode to drive the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDe-alloying and \"Swiss Cheese\" Structures\u003c\/strong\u003e: A common method for Pt-Cu involves starting with a copper-rich alloy (like PtCu3) and then leaching out most of the copper using acid or electrochemical cycles. This leaves behind a \"Pt-skeleton\" or \"Pt-skin\" structure with a porous, high-surface-area morphology that is much more active than standard Pt\/C. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMass Activity Boost\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt-Cu catalysts have demonstrated mass activities up to 10–14 times higher than commercial Pt\/C benchmarks in lab settings. This is due to the \"strain effect,\" where the remaining copper atoms in the core compress the platinum surface, optimizing its electronic state for oxygen bonding. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCommercial Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike pure Pt, Pt-Cu can achieve target power densities with significantly lower platinum loadings (e.g., 0.1 mg\/cm^2), which is critical for reducing the cost of fuel cell stacks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyzers, Pt-Cu is used at the cathode for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHER Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pt-Cu alloys are highly efficient for HER, often surpassing pure Pt\/C due to the synergy between Pt and Cu. However, since Pt\/C is already very efficient for HER, the performance jump is usually less dramatic than what is seen in fuel cell ORR. (2) Critical Stability Concerns: The main drawback for Pt-Cu in electrolyzers is copper leaching. If Cu ions migrate into the proton exchange membrane, they can: (a) Lower Conductivity: By displacing protons (H+) in the Nafion membrane. (b) Accelerate Degradation: Copper can catalyze the formation of harmful radicals (Fenton-like reactions) that chemically attack and thin the membrane, leading to gas crossover and failure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 309.212px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCu11C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCu31C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Copper Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Cu (1:1 ratio) (15.1 wt% Pt, 4.9 wt% Cu), 80 wt% carbon black (Vulcan XC-72)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Cu (3:1 ratio) (18.0 wt% Pt, 2.0 wt% Cu), 80 wt% carbon black (Vulcan XC-72)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~120 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~90 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-3 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Cu\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp0776412\"\u003eP. Mani, et al. Dealloyed Pt−Cu Core−Shell Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for Use in PEM Fuel Cell Cathodes, J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 7, 2770–2778\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.106204jes\/meta\"\u003eM. Oezaslan, et al. PtCu3, PtCu and Pt3Cu Alloy Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline and Acidic Media, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159, B444\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Cu (1:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349729853670,"sku":"CEFCEPtCu11C20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Cu (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47349729886438,"sku":"CEFCEPtCu31C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtCuC_main_renew.png?v=1772300820"},{"product_id":"cefceptsnc","title":"Platinum-Tin (Pt-Sn, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtSnC","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlatinum-Tin (Pt-Sn) electrocatalysts are the \"gold standard\" for a very specific branch of fuel cell technology: Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFC), particularly those running on ethanol. While Pt-Co and Pt-Ni are optimized for oxygen reduction (cathode), Pt-Sn is uniquely designed for the complex chemistry of breaking down liquid fuels at the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell (DEFC), Pt-Sn is the most efficient anode catalyst available. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBifunctional Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike hydrogen (H2), ethanol (C2H5OH) is difficult to oxidize because it creates carbon monoxide (CO) intermediates that \"poison\" pure platinum. Sn acts as an oxophilic site—it attracts water molecules and breaks them into hydroxyl groups (-OH) at much lower voltages than Pt. These -OH groups then \"clean\" the CO off the neighboring Pt atoms, converting it to CO2. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eBreaking the C-C Bond\u003c\/strong\u003e: While it is notoriously difficult to break the carbon-carbon bond in ethanol at low temperatures, Pt-Sn (especially in a 3:1 atomic ratio) is the benchmark for achieving the highest power densities in these systems. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Tuning\u003c\/strong\u003e: Alloying Sn into the Pt lattice expands the Pt-Pt distance (lattice expansion). This shift in the d-band center weakens the bond between Pt and poisonous intermediates, keeping the surface \"active\" for longer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 309.212px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtSn31C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtSn31C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Tin Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Sn (3:1 ratio) (16.6 wt% Pt, 3.4 wt% Sn), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Sn (3:1 ratio) (33.2 wt% Pt, 6.8 wt% Sn), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~100 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~60 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4-6 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Sn\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.8b03763\"\u003eY. Liu, et al. Electro-Oxidation of Ethanol Using Pt3Sn Alloy Nanoparticles, ACS Catal. 2018, 8, 11, 10931–10937\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cplu.202400151\"\u003eM. Distaso, et al. Design of PtSn Nanocatalysts for Fuel Cell Applications, ChemSusChem, 2024, 89, e202400151\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Sn (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47350501802214,"sku":"CEFCEPtSn31C20","price":259.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Sn (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47350501834982,"sku":"CEFCEPtSn31C40","price":289.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtSnC_main_renew.png?v=1772301081"},{"product_id":"cefceptcrc","title":"Platinum-Chromium (Pt-Cr, Premetek) Alloy on Carbon Black as Electrocatalysts for Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, 0.5 g\/bottle, CEFCEPtCrC","description":"\u003cp\u003ePlatinum-Chromium (Pt-Cr) electrocatalysts are a specialized class of materials often chosen for their exceptional stability and specific electronic properties. While Pt-Co and Pt-Ni dominate the \"highest activity\" headlines, Pt-Cr is frequently favored in long-term durability studies and specific aerospace or heavy-duty applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn fuel cells, Pt-Cr is primarily used at the cathode for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Modification\u003c\/strong\u003e: Like other 3d transition metals, Chromium modifies the platinum lattice. It contracts the Pt-Pt bond distance (strain effect) and shifts the d-band center. This reduces the binding energy of oxygen intermediates (OH*), preventing the platinum surface from becoming \"blocked\" and allowing the reaction to proceed faster than on pure Pt\/C. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCorrosion Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Chromium is known for its ability to form a very stable, thin protective oxide layer. In the harsh, acidic, and high-voltage environment of a fuel cell cathode, Pt-Cr often shows better resistance to \"metal leaching\" than Pt-Ni or Pt-Cu. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eActivity vs. Durability\u003c\/strong\u003e: While its peak activity might be slightly lower than Pt-Ni, its retention of activity over thousands of voltage cycles is often superior. This makes it a strong candidate for heavy-duty vehicles (trucks\/buses) where the stack must last 20,000+ hours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 309.212px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCr31C20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 46.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCEFCEPtCr31C40\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlatinum-Chromium Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 wt% Pt-Cr (3:1 ratio) (18.4 wt% Pt, 1.6 wt% Cr), 80 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 74.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e40 wt% Pt-Cr (3:1 ratio) (36.7 wt% Pt, 3.3 wt% Cr), 60 wt% carbon black\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~90 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~75 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst BET Surface Area:\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~200 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~150 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMetal Crystallite Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2-4 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-5 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCatalyst granule size D(100)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 75 µm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eImpurities \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 15.6125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≤ 500 ppm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 29.6656%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.8795%; height: 26.1875px;\"\u003e0.5 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the Pt-Cr\/C powder in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jp030948q\"\u003eH. Yang, et al. Tailoring, Structure, and Activity of Carbon-Supported Nanosized Pt−Cr Alloy Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction in Pure and Methanol-Containing Electrolytes, J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 6, 1938–1947\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.1862258\/meta\"\u003eH. Yang, et al. High Methanol Tolerance of Carbon-Supported Pt-Cr Alloy Nanoparticle Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2005,152 A704\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Premetek","offers":[{"title":"20 wt% Pt-Cr (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47350593290470,"sku":"CEFCEPtCr31C20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"40 wt% Pt-Cr (3:1 ratio) on Vulcan XC-72","offer_id":47350593323238,"sku":"CEFCEPtCr31C40","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CEFCEPtCrC_main_renew.png?v=1772301904"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/CWSCO2RRFES_main.png?v=1776801397","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/electrolyzers-fuel-cells.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}