{"title":"Furnace Sintering","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFurnace sintering is the densification step that turns a green powder compact or coated tape into a phase-pure, mechanically robust ceramic — and for solid-state battery research, it is usually where the electrolyte either succeeds or fails.\u003c\/strong\u003e This page collects the box, tube, and atmosphere furnaces our customers use for calcining precursors, sintering oxide and sulfide pellets, co-firing cathode\/electrolyte stacks, and post-annealing thin films.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eEquipment is grouped by the regime it serves rather than by raw temperature alone, because atmosphere control matters as much as the setpoint:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eAir \/ oxygen box furnaces\u003c\/strong\u003e — for calcining layered oxide precursors (NCM, LCO), oxide-garnet powders such as LLZO, and perovskite or NASICON-family targets where oxygen partial pressure must stay high through the dwell.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eTube furnaces with controlled atmosphere\u003c\/strong\u003e — for reducing or inert firing of olivine LFP\/LMFP, polyanion NASICON cathodes (NVP, NVPF), and silicon or hard-carbon anode precursors under argon, nitrogen, forming gas, or flowing CO2.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eHigh-temperature sintering furnaces (1500 C and above)\u003c\/strong\u003e — for densifying garnet, perovskite, and LISICON pellets, alumina and zirconia setters, and sapphire or YSZ components used as crucibles and supports.\u003c\/li\u003e\n  \u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eVacuum and glovebox-compatible tube furnaces\u003c\/strong\u003e — for sulfide solid electrolytes (Li6PS5Cl, Li7P3S11), lithium-metal-adjacent annealing, and any work that cannot tolerate trace oxygen or moisture during the ramp.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eWhen you select a furnace, match three things first: the maximum stable hot-zone temperature, the gas-handling system (sealed flange, mass-flow controller, scrubbed exhaust), and the crucible \/ boat material compatible with your chemistry — alumina is fine for most oxides, but sulfides need glassy carbon or quartz, and lithium-bearing melts attack alumina above roughly 1100 C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are densifying oxide solid electrolytes or co-firing cathode composites, start with the high-temperature box and tube furnaces. If you are calcining cathode or anode precursors at moderate temperature with strict atmosphere control, the controlled-atmosphere tube furnaces are the right starting point. For upstream powder preparation that feeds these runs, see \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/solid-state-synthesis\"\u003eSolid-State Synthesis\u003c\/a\u003e and the broader Synthesis Equipment section; for the crucibles, boats, and setters that go inside the hot zone, see the consumables listed under Laboratory Equipment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"enmhtmf","title":"ECS-N Mini Hybrid Tube\/Muffle Furnace (Max. 1200℃), ENMHTMF","description":"\u003cp\u003eA hybrid tube\/muffle furnace is a versatile 2-in-1 laboratory instrument designed to function as both a box (muffle) furnace for bulk air-heating and a vacuum tube furnace for controlled-atmosphere processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe hybrid system utilizes a standard rectangular heating chamber with a specialized \"top-entry\" or \"side-entry\" port. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMuffle Mode (Box Furnace)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Operator removes the processing tube and insert a ceramic insulation block into the port. The chamber functions as a high-volume box furnace, ideal for ashing samples, calcining raw precursors for NFPP, or heat-treating large batches of materials in air. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTube Mode (Controlled Atmosphere)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Operator inserts a high-purity Quartz or Alumina tube through the port. With vacuum flanges attached, the furnace can now perform CVD, Annealing under Argon, or Hydrogen reduction, allowing you to protect reactive sodium compounds from oxygen and moisture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eENMHTMF (EN-MHTMF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eGeneral Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe vacuum level can be up to 10^(-3) ~ 10^(-5) Torr.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInert gases (N2, Ar), reductive gas (H2), and mixed gases can be supplied for specific reactions.  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoth tube and muffle furnace can be easily switched.  \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHMI touch screen control system for easy use\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eHybrid Furnace Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower: AC220V±10%, single-phases, 50\/60Hz, 3000 W\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeating Temperature: Max. 1200 ℃\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous Operation Temperature: 1150 ℃\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRecommended Heating Rate: ≤10℃\/min \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFurnace Hearth: L150 * D180 * H150 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProcessing Tube: one-end sealed quartz with φ80*320 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMF_02_100x100.png?v=1777788465\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e       \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMF_03_100x100.png?v=1777788465\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe door is not allowed to be opened when the furnace temperature higher than 300 ℃\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eThe minor cracks on the furnace hearth insulation layer is normal and won't affect its operaiton. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eCertification\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCE certified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUL and CSA certification is available upon request at extra cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne-year warranty and life-time technical support. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL350 × D370× H800 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~50 kg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10800-017-1111-0\"\u003eC. A. Calderón, et al., Electrochemical comparison of LiFePO4 synthesized by a solid-state method using either microwave heating or a tube furnace, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2017, 47, 1179–1188\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775324014769\"\u003eY. Lee, et al., In-depth approach and establishment from a structural perspective of LiFePO4 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries by a two-step sintering, Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 624, 235524\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NBD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47623212597478,"sku":"ENMHTMF","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMF_main.png?v=1777788295"},{"product_id":"enmhtmfht","title":"ECS-N Mini Hybrid Tube\/Muffle Furnace (Max. 1200℃) with Horizontal Tube for Glovebox Operation, ENMHTMFHT","description":"\u003cp\u003eA hybrid tube\/muffle furnace is a versatile 2-in-1 laboratory instrument designed to function as both a box (muffle) furnace for bulk air-heating and a vacuum tube furnace for controlled-atmosphere processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe hybrid system utilizes a standard rectangular heating chamber with a specialized \"top-entry\" or \"side-entry\" port. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMuffle Mode (Box Furnace)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Operator removes the processing tube and insert a ceramic insulation block into the port. The chamber functions as a high-volume box furnace, ideal for ashing samples, calcining raw precursors for NFPP, or heat-treating large batches of materials in air. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTube Mode (Controlled Atmosphere)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Operator inserts a high-purity Quartz or Alumina tube through the port. With vacuum flanges attached, the furnace can now perform CVD, Annealing under Argon, or Hydrogen reduction, allowing you to protect reactive sodium compounds from oxygen and moisture.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eENMHTMFHT (EN-MHTMFHT)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eGeneral Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSmall and light weight that can go through antechamber of glovebox\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAs muffle furnace, large samples can be sintering treatment. At the same time, operator can run the tube furnace with high vacuum and certain gas environment.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh purity insulation material reduces the thermal loss.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoth tube and muffle furnace can be easily switched.  \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eHybrid Furnace Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePower: AC220V±10%, single-phases, 50\/60Hz, 1000 W\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeating Temperature: Max. 1200 ℃ (\u0026lt;1h)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous Operation Temperature: 1100 ℃ (ambient); 800℃ (vacuum)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeating Rate: ≤20℃\/min \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUltimate Vacuum: ~5-10 Pa (mechanical pump or turbo pump)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFurnace Hearth: L100 * D100 * H100 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProcessing Tube: one-end sealed quartz with φ80*320 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMF_02_100x100.png?v=1777788465\"\u003e        \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMFHT_02_160x160.png?v=1777826973\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe door is not allowed to be opened when the furnace temperature higher than 300 ℃\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003eThe minor cracks on the furnace hearth insulation layer is normal and won't affect its operation. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eCertification\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCE certified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUL and CSA certification is available upon request at extra cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOne-year warranty and life-time technical support. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL350 × D390× H500 mm (antechamber compatible for transfer )\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e~30 kg\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10800-017-1111-0\"\u003eC. A. Calderón, et al., Electrochemical comparison of LiFePO4 synthesized by a solid-state method using either microwave heating or a tube furnace, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 2017, 47, 1179–1188\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775324014769\"\u003eY. Lee, et al., In-depth approach and establishment from a structural perspective of LiFePO4 cathodes for lithium-ion batteries by a two-step sintering, Journal of Power Sources, 2024, 624, 235524\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"NBD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47624485503206,"sku":"ENMHTMFHT","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/ENMHTMFHT_main.png?v=1777826677"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/ENMHTMF_main.png?v=1777789989","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/furnace-sintering.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}