{"title":"Gel Polymer Electrolytes","description":"","products":[{"product_id":"cssgpepeo","title":"PEO {Poly(ethylene oxide)} Powder as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 250 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPEO","description":"\u003cp\u003ePEO {Poly(ethylene oxide)}-based electrolytes are the most widely studied polymer solid-state electrolytes (SPEs) for all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Poly(ethylene oxide) is a polyether with a repeating unit of (CH2CH2O)n. The ether oxygen atoms (-O-) along the polymer backbone act as Lewis bases, coordinating with the Li+ ions from the dissolved lithium salt (eg: LiTFSI, LiClO4). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 443.738px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPEO (C-CSSGPE-PEO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25322-68-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(-CH2CH2O-)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPEO_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765611891\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Mw=100000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Mw=300000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(3) Mw=600000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(4) Mw=1000000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(5) Mw=2000000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(6) Mw=5000000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~1.6 x10-6 S\/cm at 25 °C \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e250 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEO powders in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202007172\"\u003eS. Xu, et al. Homogeneous and Fast Ion Conduction of PEO-Based Solid-State Electrolyte at Low Temperature, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2020, 30, 2007172\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.201909392\"\u003eJ. Qiu, et al. Enabling Stable Cycling of 4.2 V High-Voltage All-Solid-State Batteries with PEO-Based Solid Electrolyte, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2020, 30, 1909392\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw=100000","offer_id":47032962187494,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO10W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw=300000","offer_id":47032962220262,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO30W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw=600000","offer_id":47717871583462,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO60W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw=1000000","offer_id":47717871616230,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO100W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw=2000000","offer_id":47717871648998,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO200W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw=5000000","offer_id":47717871681766,"sku":"CSSGPEPEO500W","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPEO_main.jpg?v=1783212816"},{"product_id":"cssgpepan","title":"PAN (Polyacrylonitrile) Powder as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 50 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPAN","description":"\u003cp\u003ePAN (Polyacrylonitrile) is an alternative polymer host used to develop solid-state electrolytes (SPEs), primarily for its advantageous mechanical and chemical properties, especially when compared to the widely studied PEO. PAN is often used in the form of Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) or Composite Polymer Electrolytes (CPEs) to achieve practical performance. PAN exhibits a wide electrochemical stability window, often reported up to 5.5 V vs. Li+\/Li. This is a major advantage over many other polymer electrolytes, as it allows for compatibility with high-voltage cathode materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPAN (C-SSGPE-PAN)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25014-41-9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C3H3N)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPANmolecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765668351\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAverage Mw=50000, 150000, 500000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PAN powders in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsaem.0c02018\"\u003eH. K. Tran, et al. Composite Polymer Electrolytes Based on PVA\/PAN for All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Operated at Room Temperature, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2020, 3, 11, 11024–11035\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273811005777\"\u003eN. Voigt, et al. The mechanism of ionic transport in PAN-based solid polymer electrolytes, Solid State Ionics, 2012, 208, 8-16\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 50000","offer_id":47033763823846,"sku":"CSSGPEPAN5W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 150000","offer_id":47033763856614,"sku":"CSSGPEPAN15W","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 500000","offer_id":47034183319782,"sku":"CSSGPEPAN50W","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPAN_main.jpg?v=1783213839"},{"product_id":"cssgpepmma","title":"PMMA {Poly(methyl methacrylate)} Powder as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPMMA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePMMA {Poly(methyl methacrylate)} is a synthetic, amorphous polymer that has gained significant interest as a host material for solid-state electrolytes (SPEs) and especially Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) in lithium batteries and other electrochemical devices. Unlike Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which relies on chain movement in its amorphous phase (requiring high temperature), PMMA is primarily utilized for its structural, mechanical, and electrochemical stability benefits. Several key features for PMMA: (1) Wide Electrochemical Stability Window; (2) Strong Mechanical Stability; (3) Ease of Processing; (4) Good Chemical Stability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPMMA (C-SSGPE-PMMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9011-14-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[CH2C(CH3)(CO2CH3)]n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPMMA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765670887\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAverage Mw=35000, 100000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PMMA powders in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273811005789\"\u003eM. Z. Kufian, et al. PMMA–LiBOB gel electrolyte for application in lithium ion batteries, Solid State Ionic, 2012, 208, 36-42\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11581-017-2397-y\"\u003eT. Xu, et al. Environmental effects on the ionic conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based quasi-solid-state electrolyte, Ionics, 2018, 24, 2621-2629\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 35000","offer_id":47034221265126,"sku":"CSSGPEPMMA35K","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 150000","offer_id":47034221297894,"sku":"CSSGPEPMMA15W","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPMMA_main.jpg?v=1783214220"},{"product_id":"cssgpepdms","title":"PDMS {Poly(dimethylsiloxane)} as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPDMS","description":"\u003cp\u003ePDMS {Poly(dimethylsiloxane)} is an attractive class of hosts for solid-state electrolytes (SPEs), particularly for flexible and high-safety applications. PDMS is a type of polysiloxane and is favored because its structure inherently addresses the main conductivity limitations of the common PEO (Polyethylene Oxide) electrolyte. The PDMS backbone provides the \"soft\" matrix and the highly active segmental motion that drives the Li+ ion transport along the side chains. PDMS is particularly effective in creating Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes (SICPEs). In these systems, the mobile Li+ ions are chemically tethered to the PDMS backbone or side chains, ensuring that only the cation Li+ moves.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPDMS (C-SSGPE-PDMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e107-51-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[(CH3)3SiO]2Si(CH3)2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPDMS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765675198\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAverage Mw=115000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PDMS in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S138589472510627X\"\u003eC. Mu, et al. Ether-free PDMS-based composite electrolytes with intrinsic safety, high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window for solid state Li-metal batteries, Chem. Engineering J, 2025, 525, 169784\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.9b14990\"\u003eD. Lee, et al. Highly Flexible and Stable Solid-State Supercapacitors Based on a Homogeneous Thin Ion Gel Polymer Electrolyte Using a Poly(dimethylsiloxane) Stamp, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 11, 45, 42221–42232\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47034372620518,"sku":"CSSGPEPDMS","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPDMS_main.jpg?v=1783214585"},{"product_id":"cbssepvdfhfp","title":"PVDF-HFP {Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)} Powder as Solid-State Battery Electrolyte \u0026 Binder, 100 g\/bottle, CBSSEPVDFHFP","description":"\u003cp\u003ePVDF-HFP {Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) is a copolymer of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Hexafluoropropylene (HFP). The copolymer structure is designed to mitigate the high crystallinity of pure PVDF while maintaining its highly desirable electrochemical properties. The strong electron-withdrawing C-F groups increase the material's dielectric constant, which enhances the dissociation of the lithium salt (LiTFSI, LiPF6, etc.), generating more mobile Li+ carriers. It exhibits a wide stability window, often reaching 4.7 V to 4.9 V vs. Li\/Li+ (and higher with certain fillers), making it compatible with high-voltage cathodes like NMC. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBSSEPVDFHFP (C-BSSE-PVDFHFP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9011-17-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(-CH2CF2-)x[-CF2CF(CF3)-]y\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPVDFHFP_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765690796\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAverage Mw=400000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PVDF-HFP powders in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.iecr.0c05075\"\u003eY. Li, et al. Composite Solid Electrolytes with NASICON-Type LATP and PVdF–HFP for Solid-State Lithium Batteries, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2021, 60, 3, 1494–1500\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsaem.3c00249\"\u003eY. Tang, et al. A Solid-State Lithium Battery with PVDF–HFP-Modified Fireproof Ionogel Polymer Electrolyte, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2023, 6, 7, 4016–4026\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"AWKY","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47036767043814,"sku":"CBSSEPVDFHFP","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPVDFHFP_main.png?v=1765690796"},{"product_id":"cssgpepva","title":"PVA {Poly(vinyl alcohol)} Powder as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPVA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePVA {Poly(vinyl alcohol)} is a synthetic, water-soluble polymer that has attracted significant attention as a host material for solid-state electrolytes (SPEs), particularly in the development of Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) and aqueous-based systems. PVA is especially favored in non-lithium applications like supercapacitors, Zn-air, and Na-ion batteries due to its high OH- (hydroxide ion) or proton-conducting ability when doped with alkaline or acidic salts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPVA (C-SSGPE-PVA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9002-89-5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e[-CH2CHOH-]n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPVA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1765694672\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAverage Mw=47000, 67000, 195000, 205000\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PVA powders in glovebox. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877530500337X\"\u003eC. C. Yang, et al. All solid-state electric double-layer capacitors based on alkaline polyvinyl alcohol polymer electrolytes, J. Power Sources, 2012, 208, 36-42\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/admi.201500267\"\u003eX. Zhang, et al. A Flexible Ionic Liquid Gelled PVA-Li2SO4 Polymer Electrolyte for Semi-Solid-State Supercapacitors, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2015, 2, 1500267\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 47000","offer_id":47036811673830,"sku":"CSSGPEPVA47K","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 67000","offer_id":47036811706598,"sku":"CSSGPEPVA67K","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 195000","offer_id":47036832743654,"sku":"CSSGPEPVA195K","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 205000","offer_id":47036832776422,"sku":"CSSGPEPVA205K","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPVA_main.jpg?v=1783213594"},{"product_id":"cssbeleapegdme","title":"PEGDME {Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether} as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte and Liquid Electrolyte Additive, 100 mL\/bottle, CSSBELEAPEGDME","description":"\u003cp\u003ePolyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME) is a versatile \"end-capped\" polyether. Unlike standard Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), which has reactive hydroxyl (-OH) terminal groups, PEGDME replaces these with chemically inert methyl (-CH3) groups. In the battery application, this makes it an exceptional candidate for both solid-state electrolytes (SSE) and liquid electrolyte additives, particularly in Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) and Lithium-Metal batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePEGDME is rarely used as a standalone rigid solid; instead, it is used to create Plasticized Polymer Electrolytes or Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs). (1)\u003cstrong\u003e Ion Conduction Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: The oxygen atoms in the polyether chain coordinate with Li+ ions. These ions \"hop\" from one ether oxygen site to another as the polymer chains move (segmental motion). (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePlasticization\u003c\/strong\u003e: Adding low-molecular-weight PEGDME to a rigid polymer matrix (like PEO) acts as a lubricant. It breaks down the crystallinity of the host polymer, increasing chain flexibility and boosting ionic conductivity at room temperature. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThe \"End-Cap\" Advantage\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because it lacks -OH groups, it does not react with the Lithium metal anode. This creates a much more stable interface compared to standard PEG, reducing the \"dead lithium\" formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn liquid or \"semi-solid\" systems, PEGDME is added to tune the physical properties of the electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eViscosity and Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: It has a low viscosity and high boiling point. Adding it to carbonate-based electrolytes can improve the \"wetting\" of the separator and electrodes, ensuring better ion access to the active material. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSolvent for Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S)\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME is a premier solvent for Li-S batteries because it has a high solubility for Lithium Polysulfides (Li2Sn). It helps manage the \"shuttle effect\" by stabilizing these intermediates during the charge\/discharge cycle. It has a significantly lower vapor pressure and higher flash point than traditional solvents like DMC or DEC, making the battery less prone to fire during a short circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction, PEGDME is a specialized electrolyte additive or co-solvent. Its primary role is to overcome the twin challenges of aqueous CO2RR: the low solubility of CO2 in water and the dominance of the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eEnhancing CO2 Solubility and Mass Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME has a significantly higher physical affinity for CO2 than water. Using it as an additive or co-solvent increases the local concentration of CO2 near the catalyst surface. This allows the system to reach much higher partial current densities for carbon products before becoming mass-transport limited. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEGDME molecules adsorb onto the cathode surface, creating a \"water-lean\" or \"water-starved\" micro-environment. By physically displacing water molecules from the active sites, the additive starves the HER pathway, drastically increasing the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for products like CO or Ethylene. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eStabilization of Intermediates\u003c\/strong\u003e: The ether oxygens can stabilize the *CO2'- radical anion or the *COOH intermediate through dipole interactions. This stabilization can lower the onset potential (the energy required to start the reaction), making the process more energy-efficient.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 443.738px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSBELEAPEGDME (C-SSBELEA-PEGDME)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e24991-55-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBELEAPEGDME_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771956526\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e530.65\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoiling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u0026gt;250 °C\/1013 hPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eViscosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e15 cSt (40 °C)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEGDME in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315302445\"\u003eL. Carbone, et al. Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (PEGDME)-based electrolyte for lithium metal battery, J. Power Sources, 2015, 299, 460-464\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202315777\"\u003eR. A. Tong, et al. In-Situ Polymerization Confined PEGDME-Based Composite Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2315777\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jacs.5c05446\"\u003eK. K. Meng, et al., Mechanistic Insights into the Roles of Electrolyte Additives in Enhancing CO2 Electroreduction Efficiency, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2026, 148, 2, 2139–2147\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Aladdin","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47382600024294,"sku":"CSSBELEAPEGDME","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBELEAPEGDME_main.png?v=1771956527"},{"product_id":"cssgpepec","title":"PEC {(Poly(ethylene carbonate)} Granulate as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 20-100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPEC","description":"\u003cp\u003e(Poly(ethylene carbonate) (PEC) has emerged as a highly promising polymer matrix for solid-state batteries, particularly as an alternative to the traditional Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). While PEO-based systems suffer from poor ionic conductivity at room temperature (requiring heating to 60°C to cross into its amorphous, conductive phase) and a narrow electrochemical stability window (~3.9 V), PEC addresses several of these fundamental limitations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePEC's backbone contains alternating propylene and carbonate groups. This chemical structure alters how it interacts with metal ions \u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"132\" data-math=\"\\text{Li}^+\" class=\"math-inline\"\u003eLi+\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"145\" data-math=\"\\text{Na}^+\" class=\"math-inline\"\u003eNa}+\u003c\/span\u003e) compared to polyethers: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAmorphous Nature\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike highly crystalline PEO, PEC is inherently amorphous at room temperature. This eliminates the need to operate the battery at elevated temperatures to facilitate ion transport. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Dielectric Constant\u003c\/strong\u003e: The polar carbonate groups (C=O) give PEC a high dielectric constant. This enables excellent dissociation of lithium salts (like LiTFSI) or sodium salts (like NaTFSI), generating a higher concentration of free mobile charge carriers. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Oxidation Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The electron-withdrawing nature of the carbonyl group lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. This gives PEC an expanded electrochemical stability window, typically stable up to 4.5 V to 4.8 V vs. Li\/Li+, making it compatible with high-voltage cathodes like NCM811 or ultra-high nickel variants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 370.238px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPEC (C-SSGPE-PEC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25608-11-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C3H4O3)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPEC_02_100x100.jpg?v=1783007921\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Granulate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.42 g\/cm3 (Mw= ~50000-200000)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.47\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecomposition Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e220℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlass Transition Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0-10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e20 g, 50 g, and 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEC Granulate in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1388248116300467\"\u003eK. Kimura, et al. A highly-concentrated poly(ethylene carbonate)-based electrolyte for all-solid-state Li battery working at room temperature, Electrochemistry Communications, 2016, 66, 46-48\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775318304671\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZ. He, et al. Flexible poly(ethylene carbonate)\/garnet composite solid electrolyte reinforced by poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) for lithium metal batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 2018, 392, 232-238\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QPAC","offers":[{"title":"20 g","offer_id":47943113605350,"sku":"CSSGPEPEC20","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":47943113638118,"sku":"CSSGPEPEC50","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47943113670886,"sku":"CSSGPEPEC100","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPPC_main.jpg?v=1783213147"},{"product_id":"cssgpeppc","title":"PPC {Poly(propylene carbonate)} Granulate as Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 20-100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPPC","description":"\u003cp\u003e(Poly(propylene carbonate)) (PPC) has emerged as a highly promising polymer matrix for solid-state batteries, particularly as an alternative to the traditional Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). While PEO-based systems suffer from poor ionic conductivity at room temperature (requiring heating to 60°C to cross into its amorphous, conductive phase) and a narrow electrochemical stability window (~3.9 V), PPC addresses several of these fundamental limitations.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePPC's backbone contains alternating propylene and carbonate groups. This chemical structure alters how it interacts with metal ions \u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"132\" data-math=\"\\text{Li}^+\" class=\"math-inline\"\u003eLi+\u003c\/span\u003e, \u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"145\" data-math=\"\\text{Na}^+\" class=\"math-inline\"\u003eNa}+\u003c\/span\u003e) compared to polyethers: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAmorphous Nature\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike highly crystalline PEO, PPC is inherently amorphous at room temperature. This eliminates the need to operate the battery at elevated temperatures to facilitate ion transport. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Dielectric Constant\u003c\/strong\u003e: The polar carbonate groups (C=O) give PPC a high dielectric constant. This enables excellent dissociation of lithium salts (like LiTFSI) or sodium salts (like NaTFSI), generating a higher concentration of free mobile charge carriers. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Oxidation Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The electron-withdrawing nature of the carbonyl group lowers the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. This gives PEC an expanded electrochemical stability window, typically stable up to 4.5 V to 4.8 V vs. Li\/Li+, making it compatible with high-voltage cathodes like NCM811 or ultra-high nickel variants.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 370.238px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPPC (C-SSGPE-PPC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25511-85-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C4H6O3)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBSSEPPC_chemical_formula_100x100.jpg?v=1783068202\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Granulate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.42 g\/cm3 (Mw= ~50000-200000)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eRefractive Index\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.47\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDecomposition Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e220℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGlass Transition Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0-10\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e20 g, 50 g, and 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PPC Granulate in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/aenm.201501082\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003eJ. Zhang, et al. Safety-Reinforced Poly(Propylene Carbonate)-Based All-Solid-State Polymer Electrolyte for Ambient-Temperature Solid Polymer Lithium Batteries, Adv. Energy Mater., 2015, 5, 1501082\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli class=\"MsoNormal\" style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in;\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ligatures: none;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2405829724004938\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\"\u003eZ. Zhang, et al. Rationally designed poly(propylene carbonate)-based electrolyte for dendrite-free all solid-state lithium metal batteries, Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 71, 103667\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QPAC","offers":[{"title":"20 g","offer_id":47944852766950,"sku":"CSSGPEPPC20","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":47944852799718,"sku":"CSSGPEPPC50","price":229.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47944852832486,"sku":"CSSGPEPPC100","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPPC_main.jpg?v=1783213147"},{"product_id":"csspetiaibn","title":"AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) Powder as Thermal Initiator for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 20-100 g\/bottle, CSSPETIAIBN","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing AIBN (Azobisisobutyronitrile) as a thermal initiator for in-situ polymerization is one of the most widely adopted strategies to fabricate solid-state polymer electrolytes. This approach effectively bridges the processing gap between liquid electrolytes and conventional solid state films. Instead of dry-casting and mechanically laminating a thick polymer membrane, a low-viscosity liquid precursor solution—containing monomers, lithium or sodium salts, and AIBN—is injected directly into an assembled cell. Upon mild heating, it cures into a solid matrix right in the pores of the electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAIBN functions via a classic free-radical solution polymerization pathway. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eRadical Generation (Initiation)\u003c\/strong\u003e: When heated, typically to 60°C – 80°C, the central azo group (-N=N-) in AIBN undergoes homolytic cleavage. This releases a thermodynamically stable nitrogen gas molecule (N2) and generates two highly reactive 2-cyanoprop-2-yl carbon radicals:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg height=\"44\" width=\"440\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSPETIAIBN_reaction_mechanism_480x480.jpg?v=1783101766\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eChain Propagation\u003c\/strong\u003e: These carbon-centered radicals quickly attack the vulnerable carbon-carbon double bonds (C=C) of the monomers present in the precursor slurry (e.g., acrylates, methacrylates, or vinyl carbonates), opening the double bond and propagating a linear or crosslinked solid network.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSPETIAIBN_reaction_mechanism_02_240x240.jpg?v=1783101876\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 399.438px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSPETIAIBN (C-SSPE-TI-AIBN)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e78-67-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC₈H₁₂N₄\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSPETIAIBN_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783102103\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e164.21\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelt Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e102-104 °C (dec.)(lit.)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.11 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStorage Conditions\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e6-8 °C, Ar filled \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e20 g, 50 g, and 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the AIBN powder in a dry and low temperature place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.5c06983\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eL. Mou, et al. High-Energy-Density LiNi0.9Co0.05Mn0.05O2\/\/SiOx-Graphite Soft-Pack Semi-Solid-State Batteries Using In Situ Solidified Polymer-Based Electrolytes for Practical Applications, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 17, 28, 41044–41054\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775326015600\"\u003eL. Su, et al. Interface film-induced in-situ curing by site-specific polymerization for advanced polymer solid-state lithium metal batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 689, 240810\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"20 g","offer_id":47946474160358,"sku":"CSSPETIAIBN20","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"50 g","offer_id":47946474193126,"sku":"CSSPETIAIBN50","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47946474225894,"sku":"CSSPETIAIBN100","price":229.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSPETIAIBN_main.jpg?v=1783101689"},{"product_id":"cssgpepegda","title":"PEGDA {Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate} as Crosslinking Monomer for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 mL or 10 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPEGDA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePEGDA (Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate) is a foundational building block for crosslinked solid-state polymer electrolytes. While standard linear PEO suffers from high room-temperature crystallinity (which locks down ion transport) and poor mechanical stiffness when melted, PEGDA completely alters this landscape. By featuring reactive acrylate groups (-C(=O)CH=CH2) at both ends of a flexible polyether chain, PEGDA can be cured (via thermal initiators like AIBN or UV photo-initiators) to form a robust, three-dimensional crosslinked polymer network.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe crosslinking density and behavior of a PEGDA network are highly sensitive to the molecular weight (Mn) of the underlying PEG segment (typically ranging from Mn = 200 to 2000 g\/mol). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of Crystallinity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The covalent crosslinks (the acrylate \"junction points\") act as structural anchors that mechanically prevent the long polyether chains from aligning into rigid crystalline domains. This keeps the matrix completely amorphous at room temperature, unlocking continuous ion-conducting pathways. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSegmental Motion vs. Elastic Mesh\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cations (Li+ or Na+) coordinate with the ethereal oxygens (-C-O-C-) along the PEG loops. Ion transport is driven by the local flipping and twisting of these chains (segmental motion). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Mn Trade-Off\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003cem\u003eLow Mn (e.g., 200–400)\u003c\/em\u003e: Tightly packed crosslinks, exceptional mechanical shear modulus (great for stopping dendrites), but highly restricted chain mobility, leading to lower ionic conductivity. \u003cem\u003eHigh Mn (e.g., 1000–2000)\u003c\/em\u003e: Long, loose polyether loops with high segmental mobility (excellent conductivity), but a softer, gel-like mechanical structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 293px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPEGDA (C-SSGPE-PEGDA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e26570-48-9\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 105px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 105px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C3H3O)(C2H4O)n(C3H3O2)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBEPEGDA_chmical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783151491\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 142.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 142.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 142.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Mw = 400, liquid form, 100 mL\/bottle \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Mw = 700, liquid form, 100 mL\/bottle \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(3) Mw = 1000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(4) Mw = 2000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(5) Mw = 4000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(6) Mw = 6000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(7) Mw = 8000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(8) Mw = 10000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEGDA in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775319300187\"\u003eF. S. Genier, et al. A novel calcium-ion solid polymer electrolyte based on crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, J. Power Sources, 2019, 414, 302-307\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c01146\"\u003eM. S Grewal, et al. Effect of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) Molecular Weight on Ionic Conductivities in Solvent-Free Photo-Cross-Linked Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Langmuir 2023, 39, 29, 10209–10215\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 400 Liquid 100 mL\/bottle","offer_id":47950001504486,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA400","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 700 Liquid 100 mL\/bottle","offer_id":47950001537254,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA700","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 1000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47948907905254,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA1000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 2000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47948907938022,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA2000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 4000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47948907970790,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA4000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 6000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950001570022,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA6000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 8000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950001602790,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA8000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 10000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47948908003558,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDA10000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPEGDA_main_02.jpg?v=1783215005"},{"product_id":"cssgpepegdma","title":"PEGDMA {Poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate} as Crosslinking Monomer for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 mL or 10 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPEGDMA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePoly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) is a premier candidate for solid-state and gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). It combines the ion-coordinating capability of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-like segments with cross-linkable methacrylate end-groups, enabling mechanically robust, dimensionally stable polymer networks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe PEGDMA framework operates via a dual-functional mechanism: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eIon Conduction Pathways\u003c\/strong\u003e: The repeating ethylene oxide (—CH₂—CH₂—O—) units in the backbone coordinate with metal cations (like Li+ or Na+). Ion transport is decoupled from the polymer backbone and driven primarily by the segmental motion of these amorphous ether chains. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Backbone\u003c\/strong\u003e: The methacrylate groups at both ends undergo free-radical polymerization to form a highly cross-linked 3D network. This structure prevents macroscopic flow, suppresses dendritic growth, and provides the structural integrity needed for thin-film processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePEGDMA networks are typically synthesized via in-situ polymerization, making them highly compatible with standard roll-to-roll manufacturing. The liquid precursor solution (PEGDMA monomer, salt, and initiator) is infiltrated directly into the electrode or separator matrix before curing: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Curing\u003c\/strong\u003e: Utilizing thermal initiators like AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) or BPO (benzoyl peroxide), typically processed between 60°C and 80°C. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eUV Curing\u003c\/strong\u003e: Utilizing photoinitiators like HMPP (2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone) or Irgacure 1173. This approach offers rapid, room-temperature cross-linking within seconds, minimizing thermal stress on sensitive components.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 454.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPEGDMA (C-SSGPE-PEGDMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e25852-47-5\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 79px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 79px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 79px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC3H5C(O)(OCH2CH2)nOC(O)C3H5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSBEPEGDMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783211091\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 284.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 284.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 284.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Mw = 400, liquid form, 100 mL\/bottle \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Mw = 600, liquid form, 100 mL\/bottle \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(3) Mw = 750, liquid form, 100 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(4) Mw = 1000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(5) Mw = 2000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(6) Mw = 4000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(7) Mw = 6000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(8) Mw = 10000, solid powder form, 10 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PEGDMA in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775319300187\"\u003eF. S. Genier, et al. A novel calcium-ion solid polymer electrolyte based on crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate, J. Power Sources, 2019, 414, 302-307\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.langmuir.3c01146\"\u003eM. S Grewal, et al. Effect of the Poly(ethylene glycol) Diacrylate (PEGDA) Molecular Weight on Ionic Conductivities in Solvent-Free Photo-Cross-Linked Solid Polymer Electrolytes, Langmuir 2023, 39, 29, 10209–10215\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 400 Liquid 100 mL\/bottle","offer_id":47950045937894,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA400","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 600 Liquid 100 mL\/bottle","offer_id":47950045970662,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA600","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 750 Liquid 100 mL\/bottle","offer_id":47950375059686,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA750","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 1000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950046003430,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA1000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 2000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950046036198,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA2000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 4000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950046068966,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA4000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 6000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950046101734,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA6000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw= 10000 Solid Powder 10 g\/bottle","offer_id":47950046167270,"sku":"CSSGPEPEGDMA10000","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPEGDMA_main.jpg?v=1783215290"},{"product_id":"cgpepvdftrfe","title":"PVDF-TrFE {(poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)} as Gel Polymer Electrolyte (GPE), 100 g\/bottle, CGPEPVDFTrFE","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing PVDF-TrFE (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)) as the host matrix for a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) is a highly effective strategy for next-generation batteries, particularly when dealing with aggressive chemistries like high-voltage lithium-ion, sodium-ion, or solid-state lithium-metal cells. Compared to standard PVDF or PVDF-HFP, the introduction of the TrFE term alters the polymer physics in ways that directly translate to better electrochemical performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Ferroelectric Polar Phase (β-phase)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Standard PVDF naturally crystallizes into the non-polar a-phase, requiring mechanical stretching or specific quenching to achieve the highly polar β-phase. The strong dipole moment of the C-F bonds in the β-phase increases the dielectric constant of the polymer matrix. This high dielectric constant heavily promotes the dissociation of metal salts (e.g., LiTFSI, NaFSI, or NaClO4), leading to a higher concentration of free mobile ions and reducing ion-pairing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTailored Amorphous\/Crystalline Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e:  While pure PVDF is highly crystalline (which restricts ionic motion), the bulkier TrFE monomer disrupts structural regularity, lowering the overall crystallinity. This leaves a well-balanced amorphous framework that easily uptakes and traps liquid electrolytes\/plasticizers (like EC\/DEC, ionic liquids, or fluoroethylene carbonate). The resulting gel provides a continuous pathway for rapid liquid-like ionic diffusion while maintaining a robust, solid-like macroscopic structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Electrochemical \u0026amp; Interfacial Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The heavy fluorination of the PVDF-TrFE backbone gives it exceptional resistance to oxidative decomposition at high operating potentials (often stable up to 4.5V–4.8V vs. Li\/Li+). Additionally, the robust polymer network prevents the continuous migration of liquid solvents to the reactive metal anode, suppressing runaway Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) growth and dendrite formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 256.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEPVDFTrFE (C-GPE-PVDFTrFE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e28960-88-5\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 132px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 132px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 132px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C4H3F5)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFE_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783224936\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMw = ~450000, 100 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PVDF-TrFE in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313011580\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC. M. Costa, et al. Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based, co-polymer separator electrolyte membranes for lithium-ion battery systems, J. Power Sources, 2014, 245, 779-786\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2405829724000874\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. Kim, et al. High-performance solid-state Li-ion batteries enabled by homogeneous, large-area ferroelectric PVDF-TrFE solid polymer electrolytes via horizontal centrifugal casting method, Energy Storage Materials, 2024, 67,103260\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SYZSL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950385250534,"sku":"CGPEPVDFTrFE","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFE_main.jpg?v=1783224879"},{"product_id":"cgpepvdftrfecfe","title":"PVDF-TrFE-CFE {Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)} as Gel Polymer Electrolyte (GPE), 50 g\/bottle, CGPEPVDFTrFECFE","description":"\u003cp\u003eComapared to binary PVDF-TrFE copolymer, the PVDF-TrFE-CFE (poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene)) terpolymer introduces a critical structural upgrade: the inclusion of a bulkier, highly polar term that transforms the material from a conventional ferroelectric into a relaxor ferroelectric. In gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs), this terpolymer configuration drastically optimizes both ion transport physics and interfacial mechanics.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelaxation of Crystallity via \"Defect Engineering\"\u003c\/strong\u003e: The chlorofluoroethylene (CFE) monomer acts as a structural defect or \"add-on\" within the regular PVDF-TrFE chain. The CFE unit introduces a significantly larger chlorine (Cl) atom into the fluorinated backbone. This sterically disrupts the long-range coherent ferroelectric coupling of the all-trans (TTTT) β-phase, breaking it down into localized nano-domains (relaxor ferroelectric behavior). By destroying long-range crystalline ordering, the terpolymer exhibits a massive increase in the amorphous fraction at room temperature compared to PVDF-TrFE. This vastly increases the matrix’s electrolyte uptake capacity and accelerates liquid-like polymer segment mobility (Tg reduction), driving higher ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTailored Amorphous\/Crystalline Ratio\u003c\/strong\u003e:  While pure PVDF is highly crystalline (which restricts ionic motion), the bulkier TrFE monomer disrupts structural regularity, lowering the overall crystallinity. This leaves a well-balanced amorphous framework that easily uptakes and traps liquid electrolytes\/plasticizers (like EC\/DEC, ionic liquids, or fluoroethylene carbonate). The resulting gel provides a continuous pathway for rapid liquid-like ionic diffusion while maintaining a robust, solid-like macroscopic structure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Electrochemical \u0026amp; Interfacial Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The heavy fluorination of the PVDF-TrFE backbone gives it exceptional resistance to oxidative decomposition at high operating potentials (often stable up to 4.5V–4.8V vs. Li\/Li+). Additionally, the robust polymer network prevents the continuous migration of liquid solvents to the reactive metal anode, suppressing runaway Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) growth and dendrite formation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 216.8px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEPVDFTrFECFE (C-GPE-PVDFTrFECFE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e28960-88-5\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 132px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 132px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 132px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(C4H3F5)n\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFECFE_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783228291\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMw = ~600000, 50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PVDF-TrFE-CFE in a dry place (glovebox is preferred). \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2352152X25023096\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZ. Haung, et al. Dielectric barrier discharge plasma sulfonated carbon nanotube modified PVDF-TrFE-CFE copolymer electrolyte for high-performance flexible solid-state lithium metal batteries, Journal of Energy Storage, 2025, 131, 117596\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877532601428X\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJ. Zhang, et al. High-performance solid-state lithium batteries enabled by PVTC-UIO66 composite electrolytes with ordered ion transport channels, Journal of Power Sources, 2026, 689, 240678\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"ZCSJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950400028902,"sku":"CGPEPVDFTrFECFE","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFECFE_main.jpg?v=1783228230"},{"product_id":"cgpepvdftrfectfe","title":"PVDF-TrFE-CTFE {Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene)} as Gel Polymer Electrolyte (GPE), 50 g\/bottle, CGPEPVDFTrFECTFE","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)—poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene)—as a host matrix for a Gel Polymer Electrolyte (GPE) or ionogel is a highly strategic choice for high-voltage, high-energy-density battery systems. While conventional GPEs lean heavily on standard PVDF or P(VDF-HFP), this specialized relaxor-ferroelectric terpolymer introduces unique physical and dielectric properties that fundamentally alter ion transport and interface stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUltra-High Dielectric Constant\u003c\/strong\u003e: Standard PVDF exhibits a dielectric constant of roughly 8 to 12. By introducing TrFE and bulky CTFE termonomers into the well-organized VDF chains, the structural cooperativity is disrupted, transforming the normal ferroelectric phase into a relaxor-ferroelectric phase. (1) \u003cem\u003eEnhanced Ion Dissociation\u003c\/em\u003e: The massive local dipole mobility yields a relative dielectric constant that can exceed 50 at room temperature. This extreme high-k environment screens the electrostatic attraction between lithium\/sodium cations and their corresponding anions, dramatically facilitating the dissociation of ion pairs and higher-order clusters. (2) \u003cem\u003eIncreased Free Carrier Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e: Enhanced dissociation elevates the concentration of free, mobile Li+ or Na+ ions within the gelled network.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAmorphous Phase Engineering \u0026amp; Plasticizer Retention\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure PVDF is highly semi-crystalline, which severely restricts bulk chain mobility. The steric hindrance of the bulky chlorine atoms in the CTFE units radically lowers the polymer's crystallinity and shifts its melting point down (typically to around 120°C). This highly amorphous morphology increases the free volume of the matrix, allowing it to swell and hold a large volume of liquid electrolyte or ionic liquid (IL) without structural collapse or excessive bleeding (exudation).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn traditional PVDF or P(VDF-HFP) GPEs, the strong electron-withdrawing nature of the fluorine atoms creates a high binding energy with the coordinating cations, causing them to drag segments of the polymer chain or local solvent clouds during transport. P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) exhibits an optimized, weaker adsorption energy toward cations. Coupled with the high dielectric screening, it creates an efficient hopping mechanism for the metal ions. This lowers the activation energy for bulk transport, resulting in high ionic conductivity (often approaching 10^{-3} S\/cm at room temperature) and an elevated cation transference number (t+). The presence of highly electronegative fluorinated and chlorinated components provides excellent anodic stability. P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE) matrices demonstrate broad electrochemical stability windows, often exceeding 4.5 V to 4.8 V vs. Li\/Li+, making them highly compatible with aggressive chemistries like ultra-high nickel layered oxides (e.g., NCM811, NCM9451).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 219px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEPVDFTrFECTFE (C-GPE-PVDFTrFECTFE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e81197-12-8\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 95px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 95px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-(CH2-CF2)x-(CHF-CF2)y-(CFCl-CF2)z-\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFECTFE_chemical_structure_160x160.jpg?v=1783232889\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Ratio in PVDF-TrFE-CTFE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePVDF: TrFE: CTFE = 64: 27: 9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMw = ~600000, 50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PVDF-TrFE-CTFE in a dry place.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/ee\/article-abstract\/17\/11\/3917\/848595\/Regulating-dielectricity-of-a-polymer-electrolyte?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY. Hou, et al. Regulating dielectricity of a polymer electrolyte to promote cation mobility for high-performance solid zinc hybrid batteries, Energy Environ. Sci. (2024) 17 (11): 3917–3926\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/ta\/article-abstract\/13\/43\/36911\/915247\/Non-free-water-dominated-electrolyte-architectures?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY. Du, et al. Non-free water dominated electrolyte architectures for zinc-based batteries: toward sustainable long-life zinc-based energy storage solutions, \u003cem\u003eJ. Mater. Chem. A\u003c\/em\u003e (2025) 13 (43): 36911–36933\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HCFSL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950517960934,"sku":"CGPEPVDFTrFECTFE","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEPVDFTrFECTFE_main.jpg?v=1783232824"},{"product_id":"cgpemmetpta","title":"ETPTA {Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate} as Multifunctional Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 200 g\/bottle, CGPEMMETPTA","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing ETPTA—ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate—as a structural monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) is a premier approach for creating in-situ polymerized, highly crosslinked 3D network electrolytes. Unlike linear thermoplastic hosts (like PVDF or PEO) that require intensive solvent casting or physical swelling, ETPTA utilizes a liquid precursor that is cured directly inside the assembled battery cell. This results in exceptional mechanical stability and perfect, gap-free interfacial contact.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(1) Trifunctional Crosslinking\u003c\/strong\u003e: ETPTA possesses three terminal acrylate (CH_2=CH-COO-) groups branched radiating from a central core. When exposed to an initiator (such as thermal initiators like AIBN or UV photo-initiators like HMPP), these three unsaturated double bonds undergo radical polymerization. Because each monomer molecule has three reactive sites, it doesn't just form linear chains; it forms a highly dense, three-dimensional macromolecular crosslinked network. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEthoxy (─CH2─CH2─O─) Spacers\u003c\/strong\u003e: The \"ethoxylated\" segments inserted between the central core and the acrylate groups are vital. They introduce flexible ether linkages (similar to polyethylene oxide, PEO). These spacers increase the local free volume and chain flexibility within the crosslinked network. They provide Lewis-base ether oxygen sites that can weakly coordinate with metal cations (Li+ or Na+), assisting in ion decoupling and facilitating smooth bulk ion hopping throughout the gel network.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe advantages of ETPTA-based GPEs are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSeamless Interfacial Contact (In-Situ Processing)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The primary bottleneck for solid or quasi-solid states is high interfacial resistance due to microscopic gaps between the electrolyte and porous electrodes. ETPTA monomer is mixed directly into a standard liquid electrolyte alongside an initiator. This low-viscosity liquid precursor is injected into the cell, effortlessly penetrating the nano-pores of the separator, cathode, and anode. Upon heating or UV exposure, it cures in-situ. The resulting gel physically locks the liquid electrolyte components into place, matching the pristine interfacial contact of a traditional liquid cell. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSuperior Liquid Retention \u0026amp; Anti-Leakage\u003c\/strong\u003e: Linear polymer gels are prone to \"sweating\" or bleeding liquid electrolyte under mechanical stress or elevated temperatures. The tight, covalently locked 3D cages of cured ETPTA act as a highly effective molecular sponge. It securely anchors the liquid plasticizers and carbonate solvents via strong capillary forces and physical entrapment, drastically reducing safety hazards from leakage and flame propagation. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Mechanical Modulus and Dendrite Mitigation\u003c\/strong\u003e: While the gel remains macroscopically flexible and highly conductive, the microscopic crosslink density yields an incredibly high mechanical shear modulus. This robust crosslinked framework acts as a formidable physical barrier against localized stress, effectively suppressing the mechanical propagation of lithium or sodium dendrites through the electrolyte layer.    \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 369.938px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMMETPTA (C-GPE-MM-ETPTA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e28961-43-5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 149px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e[H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=CHCO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003en\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e]\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMETPTA_chemical_structure_160x160.jpg?v=1783235906\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 46.4125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eViscous Colorless liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAverage Mn ~912\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e200 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the ETPTA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.3c02155\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. Song, et al. In Situ Thermal Polymerization of a Succinonitrile-Based Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2023, 15, 16, 20159–20165\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468619301835\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eX. Zhang, et al. Long cycling, thermal stable, dendrites free gel polymer electrolyte for flexible lithium metal batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 2019, 301, 304-311\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Sigma","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950561902822,"sku":"CGPEMMETPTA","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMETPTA_main.jpg?v=1783235864"},{"product_id":"cgpesmpetea","title":"PETEA {Pentaerythritol tetraacrylate} as Structural Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CGPESMPETEA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePETEA—pentaerythritol tetraacrylate—as a structural monomer takes crosslinked Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) to the absolute limit of crosslink density. Armed with four highly reactive terminal acrylate groups packed around a single quaternary carbon core, PETEA is a definitive choice for building ultra-rigid, zero-leakage, and structurally unyielding 3D network hosts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe core differentiator of PETEA is its compact symmetrical geometry. While ETPTA relies on elongated ethoxy spacers to grant flexibility, PETEA strips those away, leaving short, direct linkages out to its four acrylate groups. When polymerization is initiated, this tetra-functional design establishes a massive concentration of crosslinking nodes per unit volume. The resulting gel does not behave like a soft, elastic rubber; instead, it forms a highly rigid, glassy polymer network that physically locks liquid components within its sub-nanometer interstitial channels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe core advantages of PETEA-based GPEs are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCritical Vapor Pressure Suppression (Anti-Gassing)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In high-energy-density cells operating under harsh conditions (high voltage or high ambient temperatures), liquid carbonate solvents like linear dimethyl carbonate (DMC) or ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) exert high vapor pressures. This leads to severe gas evolution and pouch cell swelling. The ultra-dense macromolecular cages of cured PETEA exert intensive capillary and physical confinement forces on the solvent molecules. This significantly lowers the volatility and vapor pressure of the encapsulated organic solvents, allowing stable operation up to 70°C to 80°C with practically zero cell swelling or solvent \"sweating.\" (2) \u003cstrong\u003eElite Mechanical Modulus for Metal Anodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: To suppress the propagation of lithium or sodium dendrites, the electrolyte matrix needs a massive local shear modulus. While standard thermoplastic GPEs (like PVDF-HFP) yield a soft matrix that dendrites can easily pierce, a fully cured PETEA network creates a robust mechanical wall. It structurally resists the localized mechanical stress exerted by migrating dendrite tips, forcing the metal deposition at the anode to flatten out into a uniform, planar morphology. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSevere Reduction of Free Solvent Reactivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: At high states of charge (above 4.5 V), \"free\" uncoordinated liquid solvent molecules undergo rapid oxidative decomposition at the cathode surface. Because PETEA tightly binds and confines the local solvent clouds within its dense 3D matrix, it drastically reduces the population of completely free, bulk solvent molecules. This significantly elevates the anodic stability window, allowing long-term cycling compatibility with aggressive, high-voltage cathodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 336.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPESMPETEA (C-GPE-SM-PETEA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4986-89-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=CHCO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPESMPETEA_chemical_structure_160x160.jpg?v=1783238848\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e352. 34 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.19 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PETEA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/ta\/article-abstract\/5\/35\/18888\/587314\/A-dual-functional-gel-polymer-electrolyte-for?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003eX, Li, et al. A dual-functional gel-polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries with superior rate and safety performances, J. Mater. Chem. A (2017) 5 (35): 18888–18895\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202312187\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC. Fu, et al. Regulating Micro-phase Structure in Plastic Crystal Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2312187\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Sigma","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950597357798,"sku":"CGPESMPETEA","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMETPTA_main.jpg?v=1783235864"},{"product_id":"cgpemeca","title":"ECA {Ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMECA","description":"\u003cp\u003eEthyl 2-cyanoacrylate (ECA)—the primary active monomer in commercial super glue—as a host for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is a clever design strategy. It takes an incredibly cheap, mass-market chemical and turns it into a high-performance, high-voltage matrix. By taking advantage of the same rapid bonding behavior that makes it an instant adhesive, ECA enables initiator-free or low-energy in-situ polymerization inside the cell. Furthermore, its heavily polarized chemical structure yields exceptional electrochemical properties.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ECA monomer (CH2=C(CN)COOCH2CH3) features two intense, electron-withdrawing groups—a cyano (nitrile) group and an ester (─COO─) group—co-bonded to a single unsaturated carbon atom. Because these twin groups aggressively pull electron density away from the C=C double bond, the monomer is highly electrophilic. It undergoes incredibly rapid, spontaneous anionic polymerization at room temperature when exposed to the briefest trace of nucleophiles, weak bases, or metal surfaces (like a lithium or sodium anode). This can remove the absolute requirement for harsh UV exposure or high-temperature thermal ovens during cell processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen successfully polymerized into poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate) (PECA), the resulting matrix offers substantial advantages over conventional PVDF-HFP or PEO systems: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuper-Dielectric Screening\u003c\/strong\u003e: The vast concentration of highly polar cyano and ester side chains creates an environment with an elevated dielectric constant. This provides intensive electrostatic shielding that rapidly dissociates lithium or sodium salt aggregates (like LiTFSI or LiClO4). By breaking down ion pairs into free mobile ions, PECA-based GPEs regularly achieve exceptional room-temperature ionic conductivities peaking above 2.5 times 10^{-3} S\/cm}. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDeep Anodic Stability (\u0026gt;4.8 V)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Nitrile-containing frameworks are legendary for their high-voltage resilience. The strong electron-withdrawing nature of the functional groups lowers the energy level of the polymer's Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO). This prevents oxidative decomposition at the cathode interface, providing an expansive electrochemical stability window reaching up to 4.8 V vs. Li\/Li+. This makes ECA GPEs uniquely suited for ultra-high-voltage cells paired with demanding cathodes like high-voltage LiCoO2 or ultra-high nickel NCM layers.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 336.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMECA (C-GPE-M-ECA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7085-85-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e7\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMECA_chemical_structure_160x160.jpg?v=1783240322\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e125.13 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the ECA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/ta\/article-abstract\/5\/35\/18888\/587314\/A-dual-functional-gel-polymer-electrolyte-for?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003eX, Li, et al. A dual-functional gel-polymer electrolyte for lithium ion batteries with superior rate and safety performances, J. Mater. Chem. A (2017) 5 (35): 18888–18895\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202312187\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC. Fu, et al. Regulating Micro-phase Structure in Plastic Crystal Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Quasi-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries, Adv. Funct. Mater., 2024, 34, 2312187\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"YFSH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47950607122662,"sku":"CGPEMECA","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMECA_main.jpg?v=1783240263"},{"product_id":"cgpemmma","title":"MMA {Methyl methacrylate} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMMMA","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) monomer to formulate Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) is one of the most effective paths toward achieving seamless interfacial contact in next-generation solid-state or quasi-solid-state systems. By injecting a low-viscosity liquid precursor (MMA monomer + liquid electrolyte + initiator) directly into the cell and polymerizing it in situ, you effectively eliminate the high interfacial resistance that usually plagues pre-cast ex-situ membranes.  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn-Situ Polymerization Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: The typical synthesis relies on thermal- or UV-initiated free-radical polymerization. The liquid precursor thoroughly wets the porous separator and penetrates the tortuous porosity of both the cathode and anode before curing. (1) \u003cem\u003ePrecursor Feed\u003c\/em\u003e: MMA monomer, a lithium or sodium salt (e.g., LiFSI, NaFSI, LiPF6), a plasticizing organic solvent\/ionic liquid, and a radical initiator like AIBN or V-65. (2) \u003cem\u003eReaction\u003c\/em\u003e: Upon heating (typically 60–70°C) or UV exposure, the vinyl groups (C=C) in the MMA monomers undergo chain-growth polymerization to yield linear or highly entangled Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) chains trapping the liquid phase. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe core advantages of MMA-based GPEs are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCarbonyl Coordination\u003c\/strong\u003e: The strong polar carbonyl groups (C=O) and ester groups (-OCH3) along the PMMA backbone interact strongly with the organic solvents, ensuring an exceptionally high electrolyte uptake and low solvent leakage. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSalt Dissociation\u003c\/strong\u003e: These oxygen-rich groups help coordinate with the metal cations (Li+ or Na+), facilitating the dissociation of ion pairs and improving both ionic conductivity (often reaching 10^{-3} S cm-1 at room temperature) and the cation transference number. (3)\u003cstrong\u003e Interfacial Super-Wetting\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because it polymerizes directly inside the active layers, the resulting gel offers an uninterrupted path for ion transport, drastically cutting down interfacial resistance. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eRadical Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: PMMA exhibits unique chemical resilience against nucleophilic attack from intermediate species (such as superoxide radicals in Li-O2 chemistries), making it highly stable compared to conventional polyethers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 310.65px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMMMA (C-GPE-M-MMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e80-62-6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=CHCO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783275177\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100.12 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.936 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the MMA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468606006207\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eK. Gao, et al. PE-g-MMA polymer electrolyte membrane for lithium polymer battery, Electrochimica Acta, 2006, 52, 443-449\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/anie.202422510\"\u003eW. Min, et al. Mastering the Copolymerization Behavior of Ethyl Cyanoacrylate as Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Lithium-metal Battery Application, Angew Chem Int Ed, 2025, 64, e202422510\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Sigma","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47951024029926,"sku":"CGPEMMMA100","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"200 g","offer_id":47951024062694,"sku":"CGPEMMMA200","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":47951024095462,"sku":"CGPEMMMA500","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMMA_main.jpg?v=1783275120"},{"product_id":"cgpemoegma","title":"OEGMA {Oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate} as Crosslinking Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), CGPEMOEGMA","description":"\u003cp\u003eOEGMA (Oligo(ethylene glycol) Methyl Ether Methacrylate) is one of the most effective monomers for fabricating next-generation gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). It serves as a structural bridge between traditional poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solid-state electrolytes and liquid electrolytes. Chemically, an OEGMA monomer consists of a polymerizable methacrylate backbone attached to a short, flexible oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) side chain—essentially a short pendant piece of PEO terminating in a methyl ether group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e When OEGMA is polymerized \u003ci data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"26\"\u003ein situ\u003c\/i\u003e, it forms a \"comb-like\" or \"bottle-brush\" polymer architecture. This structural layout provides distinct thermodynamic and kinetic advantages for ion transport: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuppressed Crystallinity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Traditional high-molecular-weight PEO is highly crystalline at room temperature, which locks the polymer chains in place and drops ionic conductivity to impractical levels (10^{-7} to 10^{-6} S cm-1). The dangling side chains of poly-OEGMA are too short to organize into a crystalline lattice. This keeps the matrix highly amorphous, lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) and keeping the chains flexible. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDecoupled Ion Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e: In classic PEO, lithium or sodium ions migrate via the slow, cooperative segment motion of the main polymer backbone. In poly-OEGMA, the highly flexible, fast-moving side chains act as rapid \"ion-conduction highways.\" The cations coordinate with the ether oxygens (C-O-C) on these side chains, allowing rapid hopping that is partially decoupled from the main chain movement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo form a dimensionally stable gel that won't leak under pouch-cell calendering or cycling pressure, OEGMA is co-polymerized in situ with a multi-functional crosslinker like PEGDA (Polyethylene Glycol Diacrylate) or ETPTA. Typical Precursor Formulation: 80–90 wt% OEGMA (for high ionic mobility) + 10–20 wt% PEGDA (for 3D structural network) + Liquid Electrolyte (Salt + Solvent) + Thermal Initiator (AIBN).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe electron-donating ether groups in OEGMA make it susceptible to oxidative decomposition at high potentials (typically limited to around 4.2V vs. Li\/Li+). To push OEGMA gels into high-voltage territory (such as ultra-high nickel NCM or high-voltage sodium layered oxides), it is often co-polymerized with fluorinated or cyano-functionalized monomers like TFEMA (2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl Methacrylate) or AN (Acrylonitrile). The electron-withdrawing co-monomers lower the HOMO level of the final gel matrix, stabilizing it against high-voltage cathode surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 371.85px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMOEGMA (C-GPE-M-OEGMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e26915-72-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eH2C=C(CH3)COO(CH2CH2O)nCH3\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMOEGMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783280620\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Molecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 71.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMw= 300-950, liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMw=2000, solid powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~1.05 g\/mL at 25 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle (liquid), 5 g\/bottle (solid powder)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the OEGMA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314012415\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS. D. Tillmann, et al. Gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries comprising cyclic carbonate moieties, Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 271, 239-244\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775312015327\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eP. Isken, et al. Methacrylate based gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 2013, 225, 157-162\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Sigma","offers":[{"title":"Mw = 300 Liquid 100 g\/bottle","offer_id":47951146189030,"sku":"CGPEMOEGMA300","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 500 Liquid 100 g\/bottle","offer_id":47951146221798,"sku":"CGPEMOEGMA500","price":139.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 950 Liquid 100 g\/bottle","offer_id":47951164145894,"sku":"CGPEMOEGMA950","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mw = 2000 Solid 5 g\/bottle","offer_id":47951365144806,"sku":"CGPEMOEGMA2000","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMOEGMA_main.jpg?v=1783280460"},{"product_id":"cgpemtfema","title":"TFEMA {2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMTFEMA","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing TFEMA (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) as a monomer host for gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) is a highly strategic choice, particularly for stabilizing high-voltage or next-generation metal batteries (such as high-nickel Li-metal or polyanionic\/layered sodium-ion systems). While standard polyacrylate matrices like PMMA offer good compatibility with carbonate solvents, they fail at high oxidative potentials. TFEMA bridges the gap by providing the mechanical benefits of an acrylate framework alongside the electrochemical robustness of a fluorinated backbone.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical structure of TFEMA features a trifluoroethyl ester substituent: H2C=C(CH3)CO2CH2CF3. The strongly electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl (-CF3) group dramatically shifts the performance profile of the resulting gel polymer matrix: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eExpanded Electrochemical Stability Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: The primary failure mode of conventional GPEs at high voltages (\u0026gt;4.3 V vs. Li\/Li+) is the severe oxidation of the polymer backbone. The electron-withdrawing nature of the -CF3 group lowers the Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) energy level of the polymer matrix. This significantly increases its resistance to oxidative attack, making it highly stable against aggressive cathodes (e.g., ultra-high nickel NCM or high-voltage sodium layered oxides). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eIn Situ Interphase Regulation (LiF\/NaF-rich SEI)\u003c\/strong\u003e: When utilizing in situ thermal or UV-initiated polymerization, residual monomers or decomposing fluorinated segments actively participate in the early-stage interphase formation. This drives the generation of a mechanically robust, highly uniform, and inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) or cathode-electrolyte interphase (CEI) rich in LiF or NaF. This dense inorganic layer suppresses dendritic growth and minimizes parasitic liquid electrolyte consumption. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eFlame Retardancy\u003c\/strong\u003e: The integration of stable C-F bonds into the crosslinked or linear polymer network mitigates the severe thermal runaway risks associated with traditional liquid carbonate plasticizers. Upon thermal stress, it favors the formation of a dense, fluorine-containing charred carbon layer rather than volatile combustion products. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eOptimized Swelling vs. Phase Separation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Heavily fluorinated monomers (like those with long perfluoroalkyl chains) suffer from extreme hydrophobicity, leading to poor compatibility and phase separation when mixed with polar battery solvents. TFEMA strikes an ideal balance: the single trifluoroethyl group provides chemical inertness while the adjacent ester\/carbonyl groups maintain enough polarity to readily swell and immobilize carbonates, ionic liquids, or deep eutectic solvents (DES) without collapsing the ionic conductivity framework.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 254.25px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMTFEMA (C-GPE-M-TFEMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e352-87-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 57.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 57.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 57.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=C(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)CO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMTFEMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783294556\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 51.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 51.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n168.11 g\/mol\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.181 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle (liquid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the TFEMA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.202514726\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eX. Yu, et al. Uniform Liquid–Confined Copolymer Gel Enables Wide-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries (−20 to 90 °C), Adv. Funct., Mater., 2026, 32, e14726\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/anie.4962504\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY. Wei, et al. Elucidating Kinetic-Mediated Polymerization Behavior for In Situ Formation of Fluorine-Containing Gel Polymer Electrolyte, Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026, 65, e4962504\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47951369470182,"sku":"CGPEMTFEMA","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMTFEMA_main.jpg?v=1783294421"},{"product_id":"cgpemhfba","title":"HFBA {2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluorobutyl acrylate} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMHFBA","description":"\u003cp\u003e2,2,3,4,4,4-Hexafluorobutyl acrylate (HFBA) is a specialized fluorinated acrylate monomer heavily researched for in situ polymerized gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in advanced high-energy-density batteries. Compared to unfluorinated acrylates (like methyl or ethyl acrylate) or standard ether-based matrices (like PEO or PEGDA), HFBA alters the polymer solvation structure and interfacial chemistry, making it ideal for high-voltage cathodes (such as ultra-high nickel NCM811 or NCM9451) and lithium\/sodium metal anodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe molecular structure of HFBA features a polymerizable acrylate head group attached to a heavily fluorinated tail: CH2=CH--COO-CH2-CF2-CH(CF3). The densely packed fluorine atoms (-CF2-) and (-CF3-) groups introduce specific characteristics to the gel matrix: The fluorine atoms pull electron density away from the acrylate backbone, drastically raising the monomer's oxidation potential and preventing premature degradation at high operational voltages. Fluorinated segments reduce the overall surface energy of the gel polymer, promoting uniform wetting on polyolefin separators and lithium metal surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe Fluorine-Oxygen Co-Coordination Effect\u003c\/strong\u003e: In a typical unfluorinated polyacrylate or PEO matrix, metal cations (Li+ or Na+) coordinate strongly with the carbonyl (C=O) or ether (C-O-C) oxygens. This tight binding means the ions can only move when the polymer chains physically relax, limiting ionic conductivity. Poly(HFBA) alters this via a unique fluorine-oxygen co-coordination structure. The weak, localized interactions from the neighboring fluorine atoms balance out the oxygen coordination, allowing the metal ions to readily decouple from the polymer chain. This accelerates ion hopping independent of polymer segment relaxation, boosting the cation transference number. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Situ Formation of an Inorganic-Rich SEI\/CEI\u003c\/strong\u003e: During the initial electrochemical cycles, the fluorinated side-chains (-CF2-CF-CF3-) are highly sensitive to preferential decomposition at the electrode surfaces before the bulk organic liquid solvents can break down: \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnode (SEI)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e: It decomposes to form a dense, uniform, and highly elastic Lithium Fluoride (LiF) or Sodium Fluoride (NaF)-rich inorganic solid electrolyte interphase. This high-surface-energy inorganic layer effectively blocks electron tunnel effect, regulates ion flux, and suppresses dendrite growth. \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eCathode (CEI)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e: On aggressive, high-nickel cathodes (like NCM811 or NCM9451), it forms a highly stable Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) that mitigates transitional metal dissolution and oxygen evolution at cut-off voltages exceeding 4.5 V.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 268.65px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMHFBA (C-GPE-M-HFBA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e54052-90-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 113.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 113.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 113.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=CHCO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH(F)CF\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMHFBA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783298075\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e236.11 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.389 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle (liquid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the HFBA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/adma.202403191\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJ. Park, et al. Design of Fluorinated Elastomeric Electrolyte for Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Operating at Low Temperature and High Voltage, Adv. Mater., 2024, 36, 2403191\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adma.73323\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eX. Dong, et al. Tailoring Solvation Structure via Soft-Hard Segment Synergy in Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enables Dendrite-Free Sodium Batteries with Ultra-Long Cycling, Adv. Mater., 2026, 38, e73323\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"YFSH","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47951453716710,"sku":"CGPEMHFBA","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMHFBA_main.jpg?v=1783298076"},{"product_id":"cgpemccma","title":"CCMA {(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl methacrylate} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), 5 g\/bottle, CGPEMCCMA","description":"\u003cp\u003e(2-oxo-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl methacrylate, commonly known as cyclic carbonate methacrylate (CCMA), is an advanced functional monomer used to synthesize high-performance gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). Its main appeal lies in its molecular mimicry of traditional liquid battery solvents, enabling solid-state-like safety without sacrificing the rapid ion transport of liquid systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe molecular architecture of CCMA is strategically divided into two functional domains: CH2=C(CH3)-COO-CH2-CH(O-COO-CH2). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Methacrylate Backbone\u003c\/strong\u003e: The polymerizable C=C double bond allows for rapid free-radical polymerization (typically initiated thermally by AIBN or via UV curing). This creates a mechanically robust polymethacrylate main chain. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Cyclic Carbonate Pendant Group\u003c\/strong\u003e: The side chain features a 5-membered cyclic carbonate ring. This group is chemically identical to ethylene carbonate (EC), the primary high-permittivity solvent used in conventional lithium-ion and sodium-ion liquid electrolytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe structural advantages of CCMA in gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs): (1) \u003cstrong\u003eUnprecedented Liquid Electrolyte Retention\u003c\/strong\u003e: A major failure mode of conventional GPEs (like PMMA or polyacrylonitrile) is \"syneresis\"—the liquid electrolyte gradually bleeds or squeezes out of the polymer matrix over time, leading to cell dry-out. Because the cyclic carbonate side chains on poly(CCMA) share the exact same chemical structure as EC, the polymer matrix exhibits high thermodynamic affinity for carbonate-based liquid electrolytes (EC, DMC, EMC). It swells extensively and securely locks in the liquid phase through strong dipole-dipole interactions, preventing leakage even under elevated pressures or mechanical cell deformation. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Cation Dissociation \u0026amp; Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e: In standard polymer hosts like PEO, lithium or sodium ions are heavily coordinated by ether oxygens, which restricts their mobility. The cyclic carbonate groups in CCMA possess a high dielectric constant, giving them an exceptional ability to screen the Coulombic attraction between salt anions (like PF6- or TFSI-) and metal cations (Li+ or Na+). This facilitates salt dissociation, resulting in a high concentration of free, mobile charge carriers and an improved cation transference number. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSuperior Wetting \u0026amp; Low Interfacial Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: When utilized in in situ polymerization workflows, the low-viscosity CCMA precursor liquid easily flows into the sub-micron pores of the cathode, anode, and separator. Because of its structural similarity to the liquid electrolyte components, it ensures rapid and complete wetting of the active material surfaces before it is crosslinked into a gel. This minimizes the interfacial impedance at the solid-to-gel boundaries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 398.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMCCMA (C-GPE-M-CCMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13818-44-5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 147px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 147px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 147px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC8H10O5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMCCMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783310474\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e186.16 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.25 g\/cm3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e155 °C\/0.5 mmHg\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e5 g\/bottle (liquid or semi-solid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the CCMA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314012415\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS.D. Tillmann, et al. Gel polymer electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries comprising cyclic carbonate moieties, Journal of Power Sources, 2014, 271, 239-244\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/cc\/article-abstract\/46\/9\/1488\/320184\/Transparent-flexible-and-highly-conductive-ion?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eS. Jana, et al. Transparent, flexible and highly conductive ion gels from ionic liquid compatible cyclic carbonate network, Chem. Commun. (2010) 46 (9): 1488–1490.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47951915614438,"sku":"CGPEMCCMA","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMCCMA_main.jpg?v=1783310475"},{"product_id":"cgpemmbam","title":"MBAM {N,N′-Methylenebis(acrylamide)} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMMBAM","description":"\u003cp\u003eN,N′-Methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAM or MBAA) is a highly effective bifunctional crosslinking agent widely utilized in fabricating Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs) for next-generation energy storage systems (including lithium-ion, sodium-ion, and zinc-metal batteries). Because it contains two terminal vinyl groups (CH2=CH-), it bridges polymer chains during in-situ or ex-situ polymerization, turning a liquid monomer solution into a robust, three-dimensional (3D) interconnected polymer network capable of trapping large volumes of liquid electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe key Functions of MBAM in GPEs are shown below: (1) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Network Architecture\u003c\/strong\u003e: MBAM provides the structural crosslinking points needed to anchor linear polymer matrices—such as poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), polyacrylamide (PAM), or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)—preventing the polymer from dissolving into the liquid electrolyte. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Electrolyte Uptake \u0026amp; Retention\u003c\/strong\u003e: The resulting porous 3D framework effectively locks in liquid organic carbonates, ionic liquids, or aqueous electrolytes via capillary action and polymer-solvent interactions, maintaining high ionic conductivity near that of liquid electrolytes. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSuppressing Dendrites\u003c\/strong\u003e: The enhanced mechanical modulus of an MBAM-crosslinked framework offers a physical barrier that helps suppress lithium or sodium dendrite penetration, mitigating short circuits. (4)\u003cstrong\u003e In-Situ Polymerization Compatible\u003c\/strong\u003e: Its high reactivity allows it to undergo thermal or ultraviolet (UV) initiated free-radical polymerization directly inside a sealed cell, ensuring conformal, low-resistance interfaces with porous electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe key electrochemical features of the MBAM-based GPEs: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eVoltage Stability Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: MBAM-based frameworks (particularly acrylamide derivatives) generally exhibit good anodic stability up to around 4.2V to 4.5V vs. Li\/Li+. However, at higher voltages or elevated temperatures, the amide groups (-C(=O)-NH-) can undergo oxidative decomposition. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePassivation Layer Interaction\u003c\/strong\u003e: In alkali metal batteries (Li\/Na), residual trace monomers or unreacted double bonds can react with the highly reducing metal anode, impacting the stability of the Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). Ensuring complete conversion during the initiation step is necessary for long-term cycling stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 311.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMMBAM (C-GPE-M-MBAM)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e110-26-9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 60px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 60px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(H\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC=CHCONH)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMBAM_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783314592\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e154.17 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolubility\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ewater: soluble 20 g\/L at 20 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;300 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle (white powder)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the MBAM monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adma.73323\"\u003eX. Dong, et al. Tailoring Solvation Structure via Soft-Hard Segment Synergy in Gel Polymer Electrolytes Enables Dendrite-Free Sodium Batteries with Ultra-Long Cycling, Adv. Mater., 2026, 38, e73323\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/smll.202509388\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY. Ji, et al. Green and Environmentally Friendly Photopolymerization Technology to Solid\/Quasi-Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Rechargeable Batteries: Recent Progress and Prospects, Small, 2025, 21, e09388\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47951981248742,"sku":"CGPEMMBAM","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMMBAM_main.jpg?v=1783314526"},{"product_id":"cgpemhema","title":"HEMA {2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate)} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolytes (GPEs), 100 g\/bottle, CGPEMHEMA","description":"\u003cp\u003e2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) is a highly versatile functional monomer widely investigated for synthesizing gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in next-generation batteries (including advanced lithium and sodium-ion systems). Its structure—containing a polymerizable methacrylate group at one end and a hydrophilic, polar hydroxyl group at the other—provides unique chemical and mechanical tuning capabilities.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe chemical formula of HEMA is H2C=C(CH3)CO2CH2CH2OH. When polymerized into poly(HEMA) or copolymerized with other monomers, it introduces two primary functional groups into the polymer backbone: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCarbonyl (C=O) and Ester (C-O-C) Groups\u003c\/strong\u003e: The lone pairs on the oxygen atoms provide Lewis-base active sites that coordinate with migrating cations (Li+ or Na+). This helps dissociate the metal salt (e.g., LiTFSI, NaPF6) and facilitates hopping-type ion transport. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTerminal Hydroxyl (-OH) Groups\u003c\/strong\u003e: The polar hydroxyl groups significantly enhance the dielectric constant of the polymer matrix. This assists in further salt dissociation and creates a highly hydrophilic\/polar network capable of trapping large volumes of organic carbonate or ionic liquid plasticizers without leaking.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOne of the most compelling reasons to use HEMA in GPE design is its compatibility with in-situ fabrication. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Viscosity Injection\u003c\/strong\u003e: The HEMA monomer mixture, along with a liquid electrolyte (salt + solvent) and a radical initiator (thermal or photo), forms an ultra-low viscosity liquid precursor. This liquid can be easily injected into a compiled cell (button cell or pouch cell), ensuring perfect wetting of the porous separator and complete infiltration into the tortuous pores of the cathode and anode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eRapid Curing\u003c\/strong\u003e: Upon exposure to heat (e.g., using AIBN as a thermal initiator) or UV light (e.g., using HMPP or Irgacure series), the C=C double bonds rapidly undergo free-radical addition polymerization. This transforms the liquid into a quasi-solid gel in-situ, establishing an intimate, continuous, and low-resistance interface with the electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 311.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMHEMA (C-GPE-M-HEMA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e868-77-9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 60px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 60px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 60px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e=C(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)COOCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMHEMA_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783316544\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e130.14 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.073 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e67 °C\/3.5 mmHg (lit.)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle (liquid)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the HEMA monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/cssc.202100141\"\u003eJ. Wang, et al. Flame-Retardant, Highly Conductive, and Low-Temperature-Resistant Organic Gel Electrolyte for High-Performance All-Solid Supercapacitors, ChemSusChem, 2021, 14, 2056-2066\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/celc.201700586\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. Qin, et al. Chemically Cross-Linked Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)-Supported Deep Eutectic Solvent Gel Electrolytes for Eco-Friendly Supercapacitors, ChemElectroChem, 2017, 4, 2556-2562\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47952019718374,"sku":"CGPEMHEMA","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMHEMA_main.jpg?v=1783316544"},{"product_id":"cssgpepihmpp","title":"HMPP (2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone, \u003e99%) as Photoinitiator for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPIHMPP","description":"\u003cp\u003e2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (HMPP) (commonly known under trade names like Darocur 1173) is a highly efficient Norrish Type I radical photoinitiator widely used for fabricating UV-cured gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) in next-generation battery applications. Its primary advantage is its liquid state at room temperature, which allows it to mix effortlessly into liquid electrolyte\/monomer precursors without requiring additional volatile co-solvents. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen exposed to UV radiation (typically absorbing strongly in the 230–340 nm range), HMPP undergoes homolytic cleavage (Norrish Type I reaction) at the a-carbon adjacent to the carbonyl group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg height=\"48\" width=\"312\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPIHMPP_reaction_pathway_480x480.jpg?v=1783318839\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eBoth Benzoyl and Ketyl Radicals resulting fragments act as highly reactive initiating radicals. These radicals attack the carbon-carbon double bonds of vinyl or acrylate-based monomers (e.g., PEGDA, ETPTA, DPHA) dissolved within the liquid electrolyte matrix, triggering a rapid, exothermic free-radical crosslinking network that traps the liquid electrolyte into a 3D gel framework.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eThe advantages of the HMPP photoinitiator for GPEs: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eExcellent Solvency\u003c\/strong\u003e: Being a liquid, HMPP dissolves seamlessly into polar carbonate solvents (EC, DEC, DMC) and ether-based glymes, avoiding the micro-segregation or undissolved particle defects often seen with solid initiators like Irgacure 2959 or BAPO. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eRapid Kinetics (In Situ Viability)\u003c\/strong\u003e: UV curing via HMPP typically takes anywhere from 5 seconds to 2 minutes under moderate intensity lamps (~ 20–100 mW\/cm2), making it highly practical for roll-to-roll (R2R) slot-die processing or in situ curing directly inside a sealed pouch cell or coin cell assembly before complete sealing. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Volatility\u003c\/strong\u003e: High boiling point (~ 102-103 degress at 4 mmHg) ensures minimal vapor pressure during handling in dry rooms or Ar-filled gloveboxes.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 399.438px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPIHMPP (C-SSGPE-PI-HMPP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7473-98-5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCOC(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPIHMPP_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783318724\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eColorless Liquid\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e164.20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBoling Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e102-103 °C\/4 mmHg (lit.)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.077 g\/mL at 25 °C (lit.)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the HMPP in a dry and dark side.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/mame.202500214\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eF. U. Cengiz, et al. Advanced Flexible and Porous Gel Polymer Electrolytes Based on a Photocrosslinked Thiol-Ene\/Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Semi-Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Lithium-Ion Batteries, Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 2025, 310, e00214\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11581-022-04621-4\"\u003eY. Gu, et al. A non-flammable, flexible and UV-cured gel polymer electrolyte with crosslinked polymer network for dendrite-suppressing lithium metal batteries, Ionics, 2022, 28, 3743–3759\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47952117792998,"sku":"CSSGPEPIHMPP","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPIHMPP_main.jpg?v=1783318724"},{"product_id":"cssgpepitpo","title":"TPO (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide, \u003e99%) as Photoinitiator for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPITPO","description":"\u003cp\u003eUsing TPO (Diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide) or its liquid derivative TPO-L (Ethyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phenylphosphinate) as a photoinitiator is an excellent strategy for fabricating gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) via in situ UV crosslinking. Compared to traditional Norrish Type I initiators like Irgacure 1173 or 2959, TPO offers unique chemical and optical advantages that align perfectly with the strict constraints of battery cell manufacturing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTPO possesses an absorption tail that extends out into the long-wavelength UV and near-visible blue region (365–420 nm). Standard battery separators (like PP\/PE celgard or glass fiber) and concentrated liquid electrolytes often scatter or absorb short-wavelength UV light (sub-300 nm). TPO can achieve rapid, deep through-cure even when curing in situ within a sealed pouch cell or through a semi-opaque separator layer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUpon UV exposure, TPO undergoes rapid homolytic Norrish Type I cleavage at the C–P bond. This generates two highly reactive radicals: a trimethylbenzoyl radical and a phosphinyl radical. Both radicals are incredibly efficient at initiating the radical polymerization of common GPE monomers like PEGDA (poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate), ETPTA, or MMA.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eWhile standard solid TPO can sometimes be stubborn to dissolve at high concentrations in highly polar or viscous electrolyte matrices, TPO-L is a liquid at room temperature. It mixes effortlessly with common carbonate solvents (EC, DEC, DMC, EMC) and ether\/glyme-based solvents without requiring aggressive heating or causing phase separation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 399.438px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPITPO (C-SSGPE-PI-TPO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e75980-60-8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 117px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(CH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCOP(O)(C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPITPO_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783323666\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYellow Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e348.37 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cbr\u003e88-92 °C (lit.)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the TPO in a dry and dark side.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acssuschemeng.1c00467\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eQ. Wu, et al. Flexible Nanocomposite Polymer Electrolyte Based on UV-Cured Polyurethane Acrylate for Lithium Metal Batteries, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2021, 9, 16, 5631–5641\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsaem.5c00571\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eX. Wang, et al. Application of Polymer Electrolytes Prepared by Ultraviolet Polymerization in Various Lithium Metal Battery Systems, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2025, 8, 9, 5564–5584\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SHYCXC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47952326525158,"sku":"CSSGPEPITPO","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPITPO_main.jpg?v=1783323666"},{"product_id":"cssgpepitmo","title":"TMO {(2,4,6-trimethyl-benzoyl)bis(p-tolyl)phosphine oxide, \u003e99%} as Photoinitiator for Solid-State \u0026 Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 100 g\/bottle, CSSGPEPITMO","description":"\u003cp\u003ePhotoinitiator TMO—chemically (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)bis(p-tolyl)phosphine oxide (CAS 270586-78-2)—has rapidly emerged as the premier alternative to traditional TPO for synthesizing gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) via ultraviolet (UV) curing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExcellent LED Compatibility \u0026amp; Deep Curing\u003c\/strong\u003e: The emission bands of modern UV-LED curing setups are highly concentrated at 365 nm, 385 nm, 395 nm, and 405 nm. Like TPO, TMO is an acylphosphine oxide (Type I free radical) photoinitiator that exhibits excellent absorption in the UV-A and near-visible blue light regions.  This long-wavelength absorption ensures high penetration depth. In thick or highly filled composite polymer electrolyte matrices (e.g., those containing ceramic fillers like oxide or sulfide solid electrolytes), TMO ensures complete conversion of the acrylic double bonds (C=C) without leaving uncured, liquid-like dead zones. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Initiation Efficiency \u0026amp; Fast Crosslinking\u003c\/strong\u003e: Double-bond conversion kinetics show that TMO exhibits initiation efficiency that is equal to or slightly better than TPO.  It enables rapid crosslinking (often under 30–60 seconds) of common GPE monomers like poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA), ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETMPTA), or dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (DPHA).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBenzene-Free \u0026amp; Low Migration (Electrochemical Stability)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Traditional photoinitiators can release benzene fragments or other volatile, low-molecular-weight byproducts during decomposition. These impurities can migrate to the electrode interfaces and undergo parasitic electrochemical oxidation or reduction, compromising the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) or cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). TMO features p-tolyl groups (introducing a methyl group onto each of the benzene rings of TPO), which dramatically reduces toxicity, suppresses migration out of the cured polymer network, and improves structural stability inside the cell environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 312.237px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSSGPEPITMO (C-SSGPE-PI-TMO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e270586-78-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 124px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 124px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 124px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eC₂₄H₂₅O₂P\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPITMO_chemical_structure_100x100.jpg?v=1783325703\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYellow Powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 37.65px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e376.43 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelting Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~126°C to 131°C\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.6375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 27.6375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 27.6375px;\"\u003e100 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the TMO in a dry and dark side.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273813004633\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH. Tsutsumi, et al. Cross-linked poly(oxetane) matrix for polymer electrolyte containing lithium ions, Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262, 761-764\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5c00036\"\u003eT. Shuai, et al. Electrolyte Evolution for Flexible Energy Storage Systems: From Liquid to Solid, from Rigid to Soft, and from Organic to Aqueous, Chem. Rev. 2025, 125, 15, 7167–7222\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SHYCXC","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47952504094950,"sku":"CSSGPEPITMO","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSSGPEPITPO_main.jpg?v=1783323666"},{"product_id":"cgpemtmc","title":"TMC {Trimethylene Carbonate, or 1,3-Dioxan-2-one, \u003e99.0%} as Monomer for Gel Polymer Electrolyte, 5-25 g\/bottle, CGPEMTMC","description":"\u003cp\u003eTrimethylene Carbonate (TMC)—systematically named 1,3-dioxan-2-one—is a six-membered cyclic carbonate ester. While traditional liquid electrolytes rely on five-membered cyclic carbonates like ethylene carbonate (EC) or propylene carbonate (PC), TMC is primarily used as a functional monomer for synthesizing poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC) solid and gel polymer electrolytes, as well as a specialty co-solvent or precursor in high-safety lithium and post-lithium battery chemistries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePolymer Matrix for All-Solid-State \u0026amp; Gel Electrolytes (PTMC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Via Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP), TMC easily forms poly(trimethylene carbonate) (PTMC), an amorphous, flexible aliphatic polycarbonate matrix. Unlike Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which readily crystallizes at room temperature, PTMC exhibits a low glass transition temperature (Tg ~-15°C to -26°C), delivering high segmental mobility and enhanced ambient ionic conductivity without requiring high operating temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHigh Anodic Oxidation Stability (\u0026gt;4.5 V vs. Li\/Li+)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Carbonate ester linkages (-O-COO-) in the polymer backbone or liquid state possess lower HOMO energy levels compared to ether-based polymer matrices (like PEO). This wide electrochemical window enables PTMC-based solid-state electrolytes to operate alongside high-voltage cathodes like NMC811, LCO, and LNMO without severe oxidative degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIn Situ Polymerization for Seamless Interphase Contact\u003c\/strong\u003e: TMC monomer can be infiltrated into porous electrodes alongside lithium salts (LiTFSI, LiFSI) and polymerized in situ (thermally or catalytically) inside the cell. This eliminates high interfacial resistance commonly observed between solid polymer electrolytes and rigid electrode active materials.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e: Cross-linked or copolymerized PTMC networks exhibit strong mechanical toughness and uniform Li+ flux distribution, suppressing lithium dendrite initiation and improving safety in lithium-metal batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 336.25px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 47.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGPEMTMC (C-GPE-M-TMC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2453-03-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 155.725px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMTMC_02_100x100.jpg?v=1785951163\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" width=\"78\" height=\"78\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e102.09 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.0576%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.5827%; height: 26.0375px;\"\u003e5 g, 10 g, and 25 g\/bottle\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the TMC monomer in a dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1293255806001889\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eM. M. Silva, et al. Novel solid polymer electrolytes based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) and lithium hexafluoroantimonate, Solid State Sciences, 2006, 8, 1318-1321\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/aapmcd\/article-abstract\/8\/14\/11536\/5180340\/Poly-trimethylene-carbonate-Based-Ternary?redirectedFrom=fulltext\"\u003eH. Tomimatsu, et al. Poly(trimethylene carbonate)-Based Ternary Electrolytes Containing an Organic Ionic Plastic Crystal for Solid-State Lithium Batteries, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. (2026) 8 (14): 11536–11546.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"QJSJ","offers":[{"title":"5 g","offer_id":48123273019622,"sku":"CGPEMTMC5","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10 g","offer_id":48123273052390,"sku":"CGPEMTMC10","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"25 g","offer_id":48123273085158,"sku":"CGPEMTMC25","price":359.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGPEMTMC_main.jpg?v=1785951011"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/CBSSEPEO_main.png?v=1785954683","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/gel-polymer-electrolytes.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}