{"title":"Photoreactors","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePhotoreactors give you controlled hydrolysis and condensation of metal alkoxide or salt precursors, so the gel network forms with the porosity, homogeneity, and stoichiometry your downstream calcination step depends on.\u003c\/strong\u003e The reactor — not the recipe — decides whether you land a uniform xerogel or a clumpy, segregated mess that drifts batch-to-batch when you scale from a 50 mL screening run to a kilo-scale electrode-material campaign.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSol-gel synthesis sits upstream of most oxide cathode, solid electrolyte, and catalyst-support workflows on this catalog: layered NCM and Li-rich oxides made by citrate or Pechini routes, NASICON-type Li1+xAlxTi2-x(PO4)3 and LATP \/ LAGP solid electrolytes, garnet LLZO precursor gels, perovskite LSCF and LSM cathodes for SOFC, spinel LMO and LNMO precursors, and high-surface-area supports such as silica, alumina, titania, and ceria for fuel-cell and electrolyzer catalysts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReactors in this collection cover the standard sol-gel process variables:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJacketed glass vessels with precise temperature control for the hydrolysis and aging stages, where local hot spots ruin gel uniformity\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInert-atmosphere ports for moisture- and oxygen-sensitive alkoxides such as titanium, zirconium, niobium, and tantalum precursors\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOverhead stirring with PTFE or glass impellers, sized for viscosity that climbs by orders of magnitude as gelation proceeds\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003epH and temperature feedthroughs for citrate, Pechini, and ammonia-catalyzed Stoeber-type routes\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReflux condensers and dosing inlets for slow, dropwise addition of water or chelating agents\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMatch the reactor to the chemistry. Aqueous citrate and Pechini routes for transition-metal oxides tolerate borosilicate glass and ambient atmosphere. Alkoxide routes for titania, zirconia, and silica need dry inert gas and tight feed control. Polymer-assisted routes for solid-electrolyte precursors run at higher viscosity and benefit from torque-monitored stirring.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are making oxide cathode precursors, pair a reactor here with calcination furnaces and planetary mills downstream. For solid-electrolyte and catalyst-support work, look at the sister collections under \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/liquid-phase-synthesis\"\u003eLiquid-Phase Synthesis\u003c\/a\u003e and the broader Synthesis Equipment hub.\u003c\/p\u003e","products":[{"product_id":"eysmprms","title":"ECS-YS Mini Photoreactor (Max. 300°C, 10 MPa) with Magnetic Stirring, EYSMPRMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Mini Photoreactor with Magnetic Stirring is a compact, benchtop laboratory instrument designed to facilitate photochemical and photocatalytic reactions with high precision and repeatability. The integration of Magnetic Stirring is a mechanical necessity for photocatalysis: it keeps solid catalysts (like TiO2, ZnO, or niobium oxides) in constant suspension, maximizing the contact between the liquid reactants, the catalyst surface, and the incident photons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost modern mini photoreactors follow a modular, high-throughput architecture. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLED Light Source\u003c\/strong\u003e: Features interchangeable wavelengths—typically 365 nm (UV), 450 nm (Blue), or 525 nm (Green). 2026 models use high-intensity COB (Chip-on-Board) LEDs that provide uniform photon flux to all reaction vials simultaneously. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMagnetic Stirring Base\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reactor sits directly on a standard laboratory magnetic stirrer. Each vial contains a small magnetic \"flea\" (stir bar) that rotates to ensure a homogenous suspension. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCooling System\u003c\/strong\u003e: Integrated fans or liquid-cooling jackets are critical to dissipate the heat generated by the LEDs, preventing the thermal decomposition of delicate battery precursors like NFPP intermediates. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eInert Atmosphere Ports\u003c\/strong\u003e: Allows for nitrogen or argon purging, which is essential for synthesis involving air-sensitive sodium compounds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEYSMPRMS (EYS-MPRMS)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePower\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAC110-220V±10%, single phase, 50\/60Hz, 800W (100 mL); 1000 W (250 mL \u0026amp; 500 mL) \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for Batch Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material: SS316L (other materials, such as Ti, Hastelloy can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Volume Options: 100, 250, and 500 mL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesign Temperature: Max. 300 °C, adjustable, over-temperature alarm (the recommended operation temperature is ≤250 °C). \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure: Max. 10 MPa (higher pressure of 20 MPa can be supplied upon request.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eO-ring Sealing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnetic Stirring: 80 W, 150-1500 rpm, clockwise\/anticlockwise rotation \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPRMS_05_100x100.png?v=1777831877\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObservation Window: Sapphire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPRMS_06_100x100.png?v=1777831877\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Port: 316L, Φ3 clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Port: 316L, Φ3 clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlasting Port: C276, 1\/4\" clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature Measuring Port: 316L, M12-1\/8\" clamp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure Measuring Port: 316L, M12\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOptional \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe LED light or Xe lamp can be added upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPRMS_04_100x100.png?v=1777831878\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCertification\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCE certified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUL and CSA certification is available upon request at extra cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL270 * 370 * H620 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0926337317305970\"\u003eE. Pipelzadeh, et al., Photoreduction of CO2 on ZIF-8\/TiO2 nanocomposites in a gaseous photoreactor under pressure swing, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2017, 218, 672-678\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4344\/8\/10\/430\"\u003eE. Bahadori, et al., High Pressure Photoreduction of CO2: Effect of Catalyst Formulation, Hole Scavenger Addition and Operating Conditions, Catalysts 2018, 8(10), 430\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YZYQ","offers":[{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":47624557527270,"sku":"EYSMPRMS100","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mL","offer_id":47624557560038,"sku":"EYSMPRMS250","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mL","offer_id":47624557592806,"sku":"EYSMPRMS500","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPRMS_main.png?v=1777831252"},{"product_id":"eysmpecrms","title":"ECS-YS Mini Photoelectrochemical (PEC) reactor (Max. 250°C, 10 MPa) with Magnetic Stirring, EYSMPECRMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Mini Photoelectrochemical (PEC) Reactor with Magnetic Stirring is a specialized electrochemical cell designed to study the synergy between light energy and electrical bias. PEC reactors are primarily used for \"operando\" surface engineering—specifically, using light to catalyze the chemical reactions to realize solar fuel generation. The integration of Magnetic Stirring is a mechanical necessity for PEC work: it ensures high mass transport of ions to the photoelectrode surface and prevents local pH or concentration gradients that can lead to inconsistent \"hot spots\" during light-induced charging.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA research-grade PEC reactor typically utilizes a \"Three-Electrode\" configuration housed within a light-tight, optically transparent vessel. (1) \u003cstrong\u003ePhoto-Working Electrode (WE)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually a semiconductor-coated conductive substrate (e.g., TiO2 on FTO glass). This is where the light-matter interaction occurs. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eQuartz Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: A high-purity optical port that allows UV-Vis light to reach the electrode without significant absorption or scattering. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eMagnetic Stirring Base\u003c\/strong\u003e: A low-profile stirrer integrated into the bottom of the cell to keep the electrolyte in constant motion. (4) Reference \u0026amp; Counter Electrodes: Standard Ag\/AgCl or Pt wires, essential for the high-precision voltage control required by potentiostats.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEYSMPECRMS (EYS-MPECRMS)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePower\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAC110-220V±10%, single phase, 50\/60Hz, 1200 W \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for Batch Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material: SS316L (other materials, such as Ti, Hastelloy can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Volume Options: 100, 250, and 500 mL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesign Temperature: Max. 250 °C, adjustable, over-temperature alarm (the recommended operation temperature is ≤200 °C. If it is used for electrocatalytic reactions, the maximum temperature is 80°C). \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure: Max. 10 MPa (higher pressure of 20 MPa can be supplied upon request.)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eO-ring Sealing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMagnetic Stirring: 80 W, 150-1500 rpm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSide Observation Window: Sapphire\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPECRMS_03_100x100.png?v=1777836760\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Port: 316L, Φ3 clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Port: 316L, Φ3 clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBlasting Port: C276, 1\/4\" clamp, M12-1\/4\" tubing\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTemperature Measuring Port: 316L, M12-1\/8\" clamp\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure Measuring Port: 316L, M12\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eOptional \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe LED light or Xe lamp can be added upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPRMS_04_100x100.png?v=1777831878\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCertification\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCE certified\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUL and CSA certification is available upon request at extra cost\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL270 * 400 * H560 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-024-49273-2\"\u003eF. Liang, et al., Assessing elevated pressure impact on photoelectrochemical water splitting via multiphysics modeling, Nature Communications, 2024, 15, 4944\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.iecr.2c01855\"\u003eA. E. Karaca, et al., New Photoelectrochemical Reactor for Hydrogen Generation: Experimental Investigation, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2022, 61, 34, 12448–12457.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YZYQ","offers":[{"title":"100 mL","offer_id":47624630141158,"sku":"EYSMPECRMS100","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"250 mL","offer_id":47624630173926,"sku":"EYSMPECRMS250","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 mL","offer_id":47624630206694,"sku":"EYSMPECRMS500","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EYSMPECRMS_main.png?v=1777836235"},{"product_id":"ebmptsgr","title":"ECS-B Mini Photothermal Solid-Gas Reactor (Max. 300°C, 0.3 MPa), EBMPTSGR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Photothermal Solid-Gas Reactor is a specialized system designed to harness light energy to drive chemical reactions between a solid catalyst and gaseous reactants. Unlike traditional thermal reactors that rely on bulk heating (furnaces), photothermal systems use high-intensity light to generate localized \"hot spots\" on the catalyst surface, often leading to higher reaction rates and unique selectivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe architecture of a photothermal reactor must balance light delivery, gas-tightness, and precise thermal sensing. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eOptical Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: Normally the high-purity fused silica (Quartz) or Sapphire windows are used to allow maximum transmission of UV-Vis-NIR light while maintaining high pressure and temperature seals. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLight Sources\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually high-power Xenon lamps (simulating solar spectrum), tunable LEDs, or lasers. The light is often focused via parabolic reflectors or fiber optics to maximize power density (W\/cm2). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eReaction Chamber\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically constructed from 316L stainless steel or specialized alloys. The interior is often polished to reflect stray light back onto the catalyst bed, or \"blackened\" if the chamber itself needs to contribute to the thermal load. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eCatalyst Bed\u003c\/strong\u003e: The solid catalyst is often supported on a porous ceramic or metal mesh. In some designs, a \"fluidized\" bed is used to ensure every catalyst particle is exposed to the light flux.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBMPTSGR (EB-MPTSGR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for the Photothermal Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material: SS304L (other materials, such as SS316L, Ti, Hastelloy can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Volume Options: \u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e50 mL\u003c\/span\u003e (standard version). Other customized volumes of 25 mL, 100 mL, and 200 mL can be provided. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesign Temperature: Max. 300 °C, adjustable, 10 programmable segments (±0.5℃)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure: Max. 0.3 MPa\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSample Supporting Stage: Quartz, Ф45×T10 mm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical Window: JGS1 quartz window with high transparency of \u0026gt;97% \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuick plug connection ports for gas flow (Ф6 mm) and vacuum.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual sampling at the port around high precision pressure gauge\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-Gas Photo- or Thermal Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethane Dry Reforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2 Reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydrogenation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eN2 Fixation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVOCs Decomposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adma.201704663\"\u003eG. Chen, L.Z. Wu, and Prof. T. Zhang , et. al. Alumina-Supported CoFe Alloy Catalysts Derived from Layered-Double-Hydroxide Nanosheets for Efficient Photothermal CO2 Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1704663\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adma.201800527\"\u003eZ. Li, L.Z. Wu and T. Zhang, et. al. Co-Based Catalysts Derived from Layered-Double-Hydroxide Nanosheets for the Photothermal Production of Light Olefins. Adv. Mater. 2018, 30, 1800527\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47635328729318,"sku":"EBMPTSGR","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBMPTSGR_main.png?v=1778133822"},{"product_id":"ebcfptsgr","title":"ECS-B Continuous Flow Photothermal Solid-Gas Reactor (Max. 300°C, 1.6 MPa), EBCFPTSGR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Continuous Flow Photothermal Solid-Gas Reactor is a sophisticated platform designed to sustain chemical transformations by using high-intensity light to excite a solid catalyst while reactants flow through the system. Unlike batch systems, continuous flow reactors allow for steady-state kinetic studies, making them essential for scaling up technologies like CO2 hydrogenation and methane dry reforming.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA continuous flow setup must manage a constant stream of reactants while ensuring every molecule has an opportunity to interact with the light-activated catalyst. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eOptical Window \u0026amp; Chamber\u003c\/strong\u003e: Normally high-purity Fused Silica (Quartz) or Sapphire is used for optical window. These materials offer high transmission (usually \u0026gt;90%) across the UV-Vis-NIR spectrum and can withstand the pressure differentials required for flow control. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChamber Geometry\u003c\/strong\u003e: Often a \"Pancake\" or \"D-shaped\" reactor. The volume is minimized to reduce residence time distribution (RTD) and ensure that the light flux is uniform across the entire catalyst surface.Reflective Internals: The chamber walls are often polished to a mirror finish or gold-plated to reflect stray photons back onto the catalyst bed, maximizing energy efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBCFPTSGR (EB-CFPTSGR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for the Photothermal Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material: SS304L (other materials, such as SS316L, Ti, Hastelloy can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Gas Volume: \u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e18 mL\u003c\/span\u003e (standard version). The integration and differential volume are 27 and 35 mL, respectively.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Filling Volume: ~6.5 mL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDesign Temperature: Max. 300 °C, adjustable, 10 programmable segments (±0.5℃)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Pressure: Max. 1.6 MPa\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOptical Window: Ф30 mm sapphire window with high transparency of \u0026gt;90% \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eInside Reactor: membrane (quartz fiber); Porous Ceramic Sheet (SiC); Heating Plate (96% Al2O3 + Ni wire); Insulation Plate (Glass Fiber + Resin), Sealing O-ring (FKP), Special Membrane (Ф37~Ф50 mm).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow Tubing: Ф3 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eContinuous Flow Solid-Gas Photo- or Thermal Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2 reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHydrogenation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eN2 Fixation\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVOCs Decomposition\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cssc.202301405\"\u003eJ. H. A. Schuurmans, et. al. Solar-Driven Continuous CO2 Reduction to CO and CH4 using Heterogeneous Photothermal Catalysts: Recent Progress and Remaining Challenges, ChemSusChem, 2024, 17, e202301405\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.5c02269\"\u003eH. He, et. al. Continuous Flow Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction: Materials, Mechanisms, and System Design. ACS Catal. 2025, 15, 12, 10480–10520\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47635680297190,"sku":"EBCFPTSGR","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBCFPTSGR_main.png?v=1778139829"},{"product_id":"ebrhmffbr","title":"ECS-B Rapid-Heating Multi-Field (Heat, Light, Microwave) Fixed Bed Reactor (Max. 600°C, 3 MPa), EBRHMFFBR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Rapid-Heating Multi-Field Fixed Bed Reactor represents the cutting edge of process intensification. By integrating multiple external fields—such as electric, magnetic, or microwave—with ultra-fast thermal ramping, these systems can achieve heating rates exceeding 100°C\/s. This allows researchers to access non-equilibrium chemical states, reduce catalyst sintering, and significantly improve energy efficiency in high-temperature processes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \"Multi-Field\" designation refers to the application of non-thermal energy sources that interact directly with the catalyst or the reactants. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eElectric Field Assisted (Flash Joule Heating):\u003c\/strong\u003e Passes a high-current pulse directly through a conductive catalyst bed (e.g., carbon-supported catalysts), which can achieves temperatures up to 3000 °C in milliseconds. It is ideal for synthesizing high-entropy alloy nanoparticles or graphene-based catalysts. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMicrowave Field Integration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses microwave radiation to selectively heat \"hot spots\" within the catalyst bed, which enables volumetric heating bypasses the limits of thermal conductivity, allowing for a cold-wall reactor design while maintaining a high-temperature active zone. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eInduction Heating (Magnetic Field)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses a high-frequency alternating magnetic field to induce eddy currents in a susceptor or the catalyst itself.Benefit: Enables non-contact heating with extremely rapid response times, perfect for transient kinetic studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 1141.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBRHMFFBR (EB-RHMFFBR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePower\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAC220V±10%, single phase, 50\/60Hz, 2200 W \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFixed-Bed Reactor Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBasic Single Heating Model: EBRHMFFBRH\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotothermal Model (Heat+Light): EBRHMFFBRHL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThermal Microwave Model (Heat + Microwave): EBRHMFFBRHM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e3-in-1, Heat + Light + Microwave: EBRHMFFBRHLM\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 224px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 224px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGeneral Features of Fixed Bed Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 224px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure-Resistance Quartz Tube: Ф20 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCatalyst Filling Volume: 2.5 mL\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThree channels for gas flow: Max. 100 mL\/min, 1\/8\" fitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe one channel liquid (0.001-2 mL\/min) can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePressure: 3 MPa at RT. It should be ≤3 MPa (300 ℃) and ≤1 MPa (600 ℃)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePre-heating function: default maximum pre-heating temperature is 300 ℃\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCondensing Jar: ≤50 mL with 10 mm barber fitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eJoule Heating Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePorous Conductive Substrates (eg: SiC, Ti Alloy) are introduced for Joule Heating.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOperation Temperature: Max. 600 ℃ (±1 ℃) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeating Rate: Max. 100 ℃\/ min\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 297.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 297.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePhoto-Source Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 297.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThree light modules surrounded quartz reaction tube\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBRHMFFBR_03_100x100.png?v=1778144398\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLight Wavelength: 365 nm, 380 nm, 405 nm, 420 nm, and 760 nm can be supplied. Customer can specify it before order. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEffective Light Illumination Area: 3.14 cm3 (catalyst stack height:10 mm), or 15.7 cm2 (catalyst stack height is 50 mm). \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe maximum light illumination area is 31.4 cm2. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWithout inner joule heating, the single LED light can cause the catalyst surface temperature up to 500 ℃ quickly, which suggests the photothermal effect really happened. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 166.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 166.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMicrowave Module Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 166.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSolid-State Microwave Module: 250 W\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe four microwave needle design and outer microwave shield mesh to increase the microwave intensity and reduce leaking\/loss.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e        \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBRHMFFBR_04_100x100.png?v=1778145309\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 126px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 126px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGeneral heterogeneous catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHeat-Light-Microwave coupled catalysis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotocatalytic Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePhotothermal Reactions\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 47.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eL700 mm * D480 mm * H800 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925838819304426\"\u003eR. Wang, et. al. Enhanced separation of photogenerated charge carriers and catalytic properties of ZnO-MnO2 composites by microwave and photothermal effect, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2019, 786, 418-427\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acscatal.5c02269\"\u003eH. He, et. al. Continuous Flow Photothermal Catalytic CO2 Reduction: Materials, Mechanisms, and System Design. ACS Catal. 2025, 15, 12, 10480–10520\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Heat","offer_id":47636522893542,"sku":"EBRHMFFBRH","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Heat + Light","offer_id":47636522926310,"sku":"EBRHMFFBRHL","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Heat + Microwave","offer_id":47636522959078,"sku":"EBRHMFFBRHM","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Heat + Light + Microwave","offer_id":47636522991846,"sku":"EBRHMFFBRHLM","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBRHMFFBR_main.png?v=1778143470"},{"product_id":"ebsfgsppr","title":"ECS-B Small Photocatalytic Panel Reactor (10×10 cm2) for Solar Fuel Generation, EBSFGSPPR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Photocatalytic Panel Reactor is a large-area, low-profile system designed to scale up solar-to-fuel technologies from laboratory-scale powder suspensions to modular, industrial-ready panels. These reactors are primarily used for Solar Water Splitting (producing H2) and CO2 Reduction (producing CH4, CO, or formic acid) using direct sunlight as the sole energy source. Unlike concentrated solar reactors, panel reactors are designed to operate under \"one-sun\" (non-concentrated) conditions, making them more cost-effective for deployment over large land areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal of a panel reactor is to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight while minimizing the depth of the water or gas layer to reduce mass transfer resistance. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTransparent Cover\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-transmittance, low-iron tempered glass or fluoropolymer (ETFE) sheets are used. These must be UV-stable and resistant to fouling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePhotocatalyst Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Instead of loose powder, the catalyst is typically immobilized on a substrate (like a glass plate, stainless steel mesh, or ceramic tile) to prevent the need for downstream filtration. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThin-Layer Flow\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reactor maintains a liquid or gas layer only a few millimeters thick. This \"thin-film\" design ensures that light reaches the catalyst without being absorbed or scattered by a deep water column. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eManifold System\u003c\/strong\u003e: A header-and-branch piping system ensures that reactants are distributed evenly across the entire width of the panel, preventing \"dead zones\" where the catalyst might be underutilized.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBSFGSPPR (EB-SFGSPPR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for the Photocatalytic Panel Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material (Reactant Contact): PA66, PMMA, PP, and FKM are optional and customer can specify it. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLight Illumination Area: 10cm*10cm (standard). Other customized areas, such as 5cm*5cm, 15cm*15cm, 20cm*20cm, and 25cm*25cm also can be supplied upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Layer Thickness: 1-5 mm (customized value)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngle Adjustment of Reactor: 0-90°\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eContinuous Flow Mode:\u003c\/span\u003e (1) liquid flow rate: 0-1 L\/min; (2) gas flow rate: 4-100 mL\/min; (3) reaction temperature: 0-60 ℃, ambient pressure. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eSealed Batch Mode\u003c\/span\u003e: (1) gas flow rate: 1-1.5 L\/min; (2) reaction temperature: 0-60 ℃; (3) reactor pressure: ≤50 kPa\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual sampling valve is included for in-line analysis with GC-MS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow Tubing: Ф3 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2\/N2 Reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethan Dry Reforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiomass Conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer Upcycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic Synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03907-3\"\u003eH. Nishiyama, et. al. Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale, Nature, 2021, 598, 304–307\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00477\"\u003eV. Andrei, et. al. Solar Panel Technologies for Light-to-Chemical Conversion. Acc. Chem. Res. 2022, 55, 23, 3376–3386\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47637623570662,"sku":"EBSFGSPPR","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBSFGSPPR_main.png?v=1778174854"},{"product_id":"ebsfgmppr","title":"ECS-B Medium Photocatalytic Panel Reactor (40×40 cm2) for Solar Fuel Generation, EBSFGMPPR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Photocatalytic Panel Reactor is a large-area, low-profile system designed to scale up solar-to-fuel technologies from laboratory-scale powder suspensions to modular, industrial-ready panels. These reactors are primarily used for Solar Water Splitting (producing H2) and CO2 Reduction (producing CH4, CO, or formic acid) using direct sunlight as the sole energy source. Unlike concentrated solar reactors, panel reactors are designed to operate under \"one-sun\" (non-concentrated) conditions, making them more cost-effective for deployment over large land areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal of a panel reactor is to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight while minimizing the depth of the water or gas layer to reduce mass transfer resistance. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTransparent Cover\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-transmittance, low-iron tempered glass or fluoropolymer (ETFE) sheets are used. These must be UV-stable and resistant to fouling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePhotocatalyst Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Instead of loose powder, the catalyst is typically immobilized on a substrate (like a glass plate, stainless steel mesh, or ceramic tile) to prevent the need for downstream filtration. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThin-Layer Flow\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reactor maintains a liquid or gas layer only a few millimeters thick. This \"thin-film\" design ensures that light reaches the catalyst without being absorbed or scattered by a deep water column. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eManifold System\u003c\/strong\u003e: A header-and-branch piping system ensures that reactants are distributed evenly across the entire width of the panel, preventing \"dead zones\" where the catalyst might be underutilized.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBSFGMPPR (EB-SFGMPPR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for the Photocatalytic Panel Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material (Reactant Contact): PA66, PMMA, PP, and FKM are optional and customer can specify it. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Size: \u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e40cm*40cm (standard)\u003c\/span\u003e. Other customized areas, such as 60cm*60cm, 80cm*80cm also can be supplied upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEffective Illumination Area: 0.1 m2 (other values of 0.25 m2 and 0.5 m2 can be customized)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Layer Thickness: 1-5 mm (customized value)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngle Adjustment of Reactor: 0-90°\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eContinuous Flow Mode:\u003c\/span\u003e (1) liquid flow rate: 0-200 mL\/min; (2) gas flow rate: 4-100 mL\/min; (3) reaction temperature: 0-60 ℃, ambient pressure. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eSealed Batch Mode\u003c\/span\u003e: (1) gas flow rate: 1.5-10 L\/min; (2) reaction temperature: 0-60 ℃; (3) reactor pressure: ≤50 kPa\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual sampling valve is included for in-line analysis with GC-MS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow Tubing: Ф3 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2\/N2 Reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethan Dry Reforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiomass Conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer Upcycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic Synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03907-3\"\u003eH. Nishiyama, et. al. Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale, Nature, 2021, 598, 304–307\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00477\"\u003eV. Andrei, et. al. Solar Panel Technologies for Light-to-Chemical Conversion. Acc. Chem. Res. 2022, 55, 23, 3376–3386\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47637712863462,"sku":"EBSFGMPPR","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBSFGMPPR_main.png?v=1778175836"},{"product_id":"ebsfglppr","title":"ECS-B Large Photocatalytic Panel Reactor (1125mm×315mm) for Solar Fuel Generation, EBSFGLPPR","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Photocatalytic Panel Reactor is a large-area, low-profile system designed to scale up solar-to-fuel technologies from laboratory-scale powder suspensions to modular, industrial-ready panels. These reactors are primarily used for Solar Water Splitting (producing H2) and CO2 Reduction (producing CH4, CO, or formic acid) using direct sunlight as the sole energy source. Unlike concentrated solar reactors, panel reactors are designed to operate under \"one-sun\" (non-concentrated) conditions, making them more cost-effective for deployment over large land areas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe goal of a panel reactor is to maximize the surface area exposed to sunlight while minimizing the depth of the water or gas layer to reduce mass transfer resistance. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTransparent Cover\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-transmittance, low-iron tempered glass or fluoropolymer (ETFE) sheets are used. These must be UV-stable and resistant to fouling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePhotocatalyst Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Instead of loose powder, the catalyst is typically immobilized on a substrate (like a glass plate, stainless steel mesh, or ceramic tile) to prevent the need for downstream filtration. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThin-Layer Flow\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reactor maintains a liquid or gas layer only a few millimeters thick. This \"thin-film\" design ensures that light reaches the catalyst without being absorbed or scattered by a deep water column. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eManifold System\u003c\/strong\u003e: A header-and-branch piping system ensures that reactants are distributed evenly across the entire width of the panel, preventing \"dead zones\" where the catalyst might be underutilized.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEBSFGLPPR (EB-SFGLPPR)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Features for the Large Photocatalytic Panel Reactor\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Material (Reactant Contact): PA66, PMMA, PP, and FKM are optional and customer can specify it. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eReactor Size: \u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eL1125mm*W315mm*T30mm (standard)\u003c\/span\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEffective Illumination Area: 0.25 m2 (other values of 0.5 m2 and 1.0 m2 can be customized by series connection)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLiquid Layer Thickness: ~2.5 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAngle Adjustment of Reactor: 0-60°\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eContinuous Flow Mode:\u003c\/span\u003e (1) liquid flow rate: 0-200 mL\/min; (2) gas flow rate: 0-200 mL\/min; (3) reaction temperature: 5-60 ℃, ambient pressure. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eSealed Batch Mode\u003c\/span\u003e: (1) gas flow rate: 0.1-4.5 L\/min; (2) reaction temperature: 5-60 ℃; (3) reactor pressure: ≤50 kPa\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eManual sampling valve is included for in-line analysis with GC-MS\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow Tubing: Ф3 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWater Splitting\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCO2\/N2 Reduction\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMethan Dry Reforming\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBiomass Conversion\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePolymer Upcycling\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic Synthesis\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41586-021-03907-3\"\u003eH. Nishiyama, et. al. Photocatalytic solar hydrogen production from water on a 100-m2 scale, Nature, 2021, 598, 304–307\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acs.accounts.2c00477\"\u003eV. Andrei, et. al. Solar Panel Technologies for Light-to-Chemical Conversion. Acc. Chem. Res. 2022, 55, 23, 3376–3386\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BFL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47637890334950,"sku":"EBSFGLPPR","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/EBSFGLPPR_main.png?v=1778180866"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/EYSMPRMS_02.png?v=1777860141","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/photoreactors.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}