{"title":"Redox Flow Battery","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRedox flow batteries decouple power from energy: the stack sets current and voltage, the tanks set kWh, and the chemistry choice ripples through every other component in the loop.\u003c\/strong\u003e This collection is the entry point to the redox-flow stack at EChem Supplies — the active electrolytes, the porous electrodes and current collectors that contact them, the ion-exchange membranes that separate the half-cells, and the fixtures used to characterize all of the above on the bench.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eThe section is organized the way a flow-cell experiment is built — pick a couple, then match it to electrodes, membrane, collectors, and a test fixture:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/redox-couples\"\u003eRedox Couples\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e — the working chemistry itself: all-vanadium precursors for the reference stationary-storage baseline, iron-chromium and all-iron for cost-driven long-duration work, zinc-bromine and zinc hybrids for higher voltage with a plating-limited negative, and aqueous and non-aqueous organics (anthraquinones, viologens, TEMPO and ferrocene derivatives) for metal-free systems.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/membranes-for-ion-separation\"\u003eMembranes\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e — the selectivity layer between posolyte and negolyte: PFSA cation-exchange films for the canonical vanadium baseline, sulfonated hydrocarbon CEMs when vanadium or organic-active crossover has to be suppressed, and AEMs for chemistries that prefer anion transport. Bipolar grades and acid-blocking AEMs from this group also support electrolyte rebalancing experiments.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/current-collectors-electrolyzers-and-fuel-cells\"\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e — corrosion-resistant substrates that survive the wet, oxidizing posolyte side and the reducing negolyte side: carbon papers and felts as flow-through electrode-collectors, plus titanium and tantalum foils for accelerated stress tests at the limits of the carbon stability window.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrolytes-for-soec-sofc\"\u003eElectrolytes for SOEC \u0026amp; SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e — adjacent ceramic-electrolyte powders, listed here for researchers cross-comparing flow chemistries with high-temperature solid-oxide stacks; not a flow-battery component itself.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/testing-cells-for-ion-separation\"\u003eTesting Cells\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e — benchtop flow fixtures with chemically resistant bodies and gasketing that accept the membrane chemistries above, suitable for screening couples and membranes before scaling to a multi-cell stack.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are building a vanadium baseline cell, start with \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/redox-couples\"\u003eRedox Couples\u003c\/a\u003e and pair them with PFSA grades from \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/membranes-for-ion-separation\"\u003eMembranes\u003c\/a\u003e. For organic-active or low-cost aqueous chemistries, begin with the couple choice and let it drive the membrane and collector selection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"cbefcss316lfes","title":"316L Stainless Steel Felt Sheet or Roll for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCSS316LFE","description":"\u003cp\u003eSS316L felt is an advanced 3D porous current collector made by sintering micro-sized metal fibers into a non-woven structure. Unlike flat foils or standard meshes, \"felt\" provides a randomly interconnected fiber network that mimics a metallic sponge, offering the highest surface area and porosity for high-performance flow battery electrodes, electrolyzer, and fuel cells. Its main features and advantages are detailed below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eExtreme Porosity (Up to 95%)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The high void volume allows for massive active material loading without clogging the electrode. It also facilitates rapid electrolyte flow, which is essential for redox flow batteries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Conductive Network\u003c\/strong\u003e: Every fiber is sintered together, creating a seamless path for electrons. This significantly reduces charge transfer resistance throughout the depth of the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The sintering process ensures the fibers won't shift or compress easily. This \"self-standing\" structure is rugged enough to serve as both the current collector and the structural backbone of the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Corrosion Resistance: The \"L\" in 316L stands for low carbon, which prevents intergranular corrosion during the high-temperature sintering process or under the aggressive electrochemical conditions of aqueous cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCSS316LFE (C-BEFC-SS316LFE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e60-70%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFiber Diameter\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e20-40 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Felt Sheet: T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Felt Sheet: T 0.5mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Felt Sheet: T 1.0mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Felt Roll: T 0.45mm * W 200mm * L 1000mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.45%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.3701%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Sulfide-Based Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZYZTX","offers":[{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060164378854,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST025","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 0.5mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060203602150,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST05","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Sheet: T 1.0mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47060203667686,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFEST10","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Felt Roll: T 0.45mm * W 200mm * L 1000mm","offer_id":47909048484070,"sku":"CBEFCSS316LFERT045","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCSS316LFS.png?v=1766733232"},{"product_id":"cbefctfes","title":"Titanium Felt Sheet for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTFES","description":"\u003cp\u003eTitanium (Ti) felt—often called sintered titanium fiber felt—is a critical Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) and Porous Transport Layer (PTL) for high-performance electrochemical systems. While carbon-based materials are standard for many batteries, titanium felt is required in environments where carbon would oxidize or corrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In flow battery application, it serves as a 3D electrode in aggressive chemistries (like Ti-Mn or high-acid Vanadium cells) to improve mass transfer and rate capability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In electrolyzers, Ti felt is mainly used on the anode (oxygen side) because carbon GDLs oxidize into CO2 at the high potentials required for water splitting. It is also essential for hydrogen production via water electrolysis, providing high surface area for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In fuel cell application field, it acts as a GDL in Unitized Regenerative Fuel Cells (URFC) that both generate and consume hydrogen, providing stability in both modes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 389.438px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTFES (C-BEFC-TFES)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e60-70%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 93.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Ti Felt Sheet: T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Ti Felt Sheet: T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Ti Felt Sheet: T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNotes (Options)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAny other customized sheet dimensions can be supplied upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSurface coating of Pt, Ir, T on Ti felt can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 78.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 78.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Application Fields\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 78.4px;\"\u003e1. Aqueous Battery (eg: aqueous ZIB)\u003cbr\u003e2. Sulfide-Based Solid-State Battery\u003cbr\u003e3. Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e4. Electrolyzer and Fuel cell\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZYZTX","offers":[{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47142937002214,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST010","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.50mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47086366916838,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST050","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.00mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47086367015142,"sku":"CBEFCTFEST100","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCTFS.png?v=1766803504"},{"product_id":"cfbefcdchgfs","title":"DiffuCarb Hydrophilic Graphite Felt Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCDCHGFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eDiffuCarb brand graphite felt (specifically the GFB series) is high-purity, three-dimensional porous material that has become a cornerstone in electrochemical energy systems. While it shares a lineage with carbon felt, graphite felt is treated at much higher temperatures (typically above 2,000°C), giving it superior electrical conductivity and chemical resistance. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eredox flow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt acts as the active electrode where the liquid electrolyte undergoes oxidation and reduction. Its porous \"felt\" structure provides a massive surface area for the liquid ions to react and it also allows the electrolyte to flow through the electrode with low pressure drop.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt is often used as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) or a 3D scaffold for catalysts. It withstands the highly corrosive acidic or alkaline environments of the electrolysis cell. Moreover, due to its high porous structure, researchers often electroplate it with nickel, iron, or noble metals to create high-performance electrodes for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, graphite felt is used in specialized or high-temperature fuel cells (like H2\/Br2 or microbial fuel cells). It facilitates the diffusion of gases and liquids to the catalyst sites. Its high conductivity (\u0026gt;99% carbon content) ensures that electrons generated in the reaction are moved efficiently to the external circuit with minimal heat loss.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 248.962px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCDCHGFS (C-FBEFC-DCHGFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 162px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 162px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 162px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.5mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 1.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) T 3.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Treatment\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePre-oxidation enable good surface hydrophilicity\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"T 0.5mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005541606,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST05","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005574374,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST10","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 3.0mm * W 100mm * T 100mm","offer_id":47237005639910,"sku":"CFBEFCDCHGFST30","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCDCHGFS.png?v=1767294131"},{"product_id":"cfbefcgf","title":"Graphite Foil Sheet \u0026 Roll for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCGF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn batteries, electrolyzers, and fuel cells, graphite foil is primarily used for Bipolar Plates (BPPs) and Gas\/Liquid Sealing. Foil can be laminated onto cheaper substrates (like plastic or metal) to create a plate that is highly conductive and corrosion-resistant. It acts as the barrier that separates the fuel\/electrolyte of one cell from the next. Since it is highly conductive in-plane (along the surface), which make it to be used to pull electrons out of the 3D felt and move them to the external circuit. Unlike felt, which is open and airy, foil is made by compressing expanded graphite flakes into a solid sheet without binders. This is why the graphite foil as the layer behind the felt to prevent the liquid from touching your metal end-plates and to ensure a good electrical path. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 175.562px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCGF (C-FBEFC-GF)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 53px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 53px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 53px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 200mm * L 250mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Roll: T 0.1mm * W 500mm * L 2m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥4.5 MPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTemperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-200 to 700 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SXHF","offers":[{"title":"Sheet: T 0.05mm * W 200mm * L 250mm   5 pcs\/pack","offer_id":47240218968294,"sku":"CFBEFCGFST005","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Roll: T 0.1mm * W 500mm * L 2m","offer_id":47240219001062,"sku":"CFBEFCGFRT01","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCGF.png?v=1767299943"},{"product_id":"cfbefccfos","title":"Carbon Foam Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCFOS","description":"\u003cp\u003eCarbon foam is a rigid, 3D skeletal structure with an open-cell architecture (97% void volume). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eRedox Flow Batteries (RFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e, carbon foam acts as a high-surface-area 3D electrode or current collector. Unlike felt, carbon foam does not compress or \"slump\" over time. This maintains consistent flow channels and prevents the \"channeling\" effect where electrolyte misses parts of the electrode. Moreover, carbon \"ligaments\" are interconnected in a continuous 3D path, electron transport is often more efficient than in the random fiber-to-fiber contact of felt.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, carbon foam serves as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL). The open, rigid cells allow hydrogen and oxygen bubbles to escape quickly. In felt, bubbles can get trapped in the tight fiber weave, \"blinding\" the electrode and increasing resistance. Carbon foam’s rigidity prevents the electrode from deforming under these pressures, maintaining a steady electrical contact with the bipolar plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, carbon foam is often a candidate for the Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) or as a support for catalysts. Carbon foam’s large, uniform pores allow liquid water to be pushed out more easily than the dense structure of carbon paper or felt. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 355.762px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 51.3625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCCFOS (C-FBEFC-CFOS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.5mm * W 50mm * L 50mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 1.0mm * W 50mm * L 50mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60-70%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePore Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.01-0.1 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eHeat Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~80 W\/m.k\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eResistivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~1.0×10﹣2~10﹣5  Ω·m\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMax. Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e600 °C (air), 3000 °C (inert gas)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"GSJX","offers":[{"title":"T 0.5mm * W 50mm * L 50mm","offer_id":47240296399078,"sku":"CFBEFCCFOST05","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 1.0mm * W 50mm * L 50mm","offer_id":47240296431846,"sku":"CFBEFCCFOST10","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCFOS.png?v=1767302352"},{"product_id":"cfbefcwsms","title":"Woven Silver (Ag) Mesh Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCWSMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver (Ag) mesh is a premium current collector used primarily in flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell due to its ultra-low electrical resistance and high-temperature stability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eflow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, silver mesh acts as a \"flow-through\" current collector. Its mesh structure allows electrolytes or gases to pass through while providing a continuous metallic path for electrons. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver mesh is a standard material for SOFC cathode current collection at intermediate temperatures (400-800 °C) because it remains conductive and stable in oxygen-rich environments where other metals would oxidize.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e field, silver mesh can be used as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL), helping to distribute current evenly across the catalyst layer while allowing gas bubbles (oxygen\/hydrogen) to escape through the holes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCWSMS (C-FBEFC-WSMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Mesh 50, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Mesh 100, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HYJSS","offers":[{"title":"Mesh 50 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471380198,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM50","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mesh 100 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471445734,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM100","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCWSMS.png?v=1767315066"},{"product_id":"crfbt2escsc","title":"Two-Electrode Swagelok Cell (I.D.=20 mm) with Snakelike Channels for Redox Flow Battery Testing, CRFBT2ESCSC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn redox flow battery (RFB) research, incorporating a serpentine (snakelike) channel into a Swagelok-style cell is a sophisticated modification designed to improve electrolyte distribution. While standard Swagelok cells are \"static,\" this modification mimics the flow fields found in full-scale industrial stacks. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 207.412px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 38.8625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBT2ESCSC (C-RFBT-2ESCSC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 63.9875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eTop\/Bottom Metal Part: Ti Alloy (suitable for most battery electrolytes)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eSleeve: PTFE\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eGas tubing port size: 2mm\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 27.6625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard I.D: 20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Any other sizes, such as 10 mm, 12 mm, 16 mm, 18 mm are available upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMax. Operation Temperature\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 42.7625px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e200 ºC under tightening pressure\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlunger Material (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eBeside the standard Ti Alloy option, the graphite plunger also can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTotal Solution for Redox Flow Battery Testing (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eThe peristaltic pump (2 units), module cell (1 unit), airtight bottle (2 units), and silicone hose are included.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBT2ESCSC_05_160x160.png?v=1767680981\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 34.1375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0882%; height: 34.1375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7017%; height: 34.1375px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RGYY","offers":[{"title":"Cell Kit Only","offer_id":47247946350822,"sku":"CRFBT2ESCSCCKO","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Total Testing Kit","offer_id":47247946383590,"sku":"CRFBT2ESCSCTTK","price":899.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBT2ESCSC_main.png?v=1767715814"},{"product_id":"cerfbtc","title":"Economic Redox Flow Battery Testing Cell without Flow Channels, CERFBTC","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Redox Flow Battery (RFB) testing cell is the core electrochemical component of a flow battery system where the conversion between electrical and chemical energy occurs. Unlike traditional batteries, the energy is stored in liquid electrolytes (anolyte and catholyte) which are pumped through this cell during operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA standard lab-scale RFB cell is usually a \"sandwich\" stack held together by end-plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eEnd Plates\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually made of heavy-duty stainless steel or aluminum. They provide the mechanical pressure required to seal the cell and ensure low contact resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Often gold-plated or high-purity copper plates that transfer electrons from the internal electrodes to the external circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eBipolar Plates (Flow Fields\u003c\/strong\u003e): Typically made of high-density graphite or graphite-polymer composites. These plates have machined channels (e.g., serpentine, parallel, or interdigitated) to distribute the liquid electrolyte evenly across the electrode surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) \u003cstrong\u003ePorous\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eElectrodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually carbon felt or graphite felt. These provide a high surface area for the redox reactions to occur as the liquid flows through them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) \u003cstrong\u003eIon-Exchange Membrane\u003c\/strong\u003e: The \"heart\" of the cell (often Nafion or similar PFSAs). It separates the two electrolytes to prevent mixing while allowing specific ions (like H+ or Cl-) to pass through to maintain charge balance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(6) \u003cstrong\u003eGaskets\u003c\/strong\u003e: Made of chemically resistant materials like PTFE (Teflon) or Viton to prevent electrolyte leakage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 301.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCERFBTC (C-ERFBTC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 81px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 81px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 81px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnd Plates: PEEK material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Collector: Graphite (No flow channels)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode: Graphite felt (eg: 5 mm). It is not included in the package and customer should prepare it. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGasket: Fluororubber\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefault effective area is 2 cm * 2 cm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther types of active areas, such as (1cm * 1cm), (3 cm * 3cm), (4cm * 4cm), (5 cm * 5cm) is also available upon request.  \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDistance for anode and cathode: ~0.2 cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell size: L79×W72×H50 mm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CSSPL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47269776556262,"sku":"CERFBTC","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBTC_main.png?v=1768459848"},{"product_id":"crfbaemfap450","title":"FAP-450 Anion-Exchange Membrane (T 50um * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Redox Flow Battery, CRFBAEMFAP450","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep FAP-450 is a high-performance Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) manufactured by Fumatech. It is widely regarded as a \"gold standard\" in laboratory and commercial research for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) and other acidic aqueous redox systems. The FAP-450 is a non-reinforced, partially fluorinated membrane. Its design focuses on balancing low electrical resistance with an exceptional ability to block the crossover of metal ions (like Vanadium). Its applications are mainly displayed below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is its most common use. Because it is an anion exchanger, it effectively blocks the positively charged vanadium ions from crossing over, which significantly reduces self-discharge and capacity decay.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eNon-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries (NARFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Researchers often use FAP-450 in organic solvent systems (like acetonitrile) due to its chemical compatibility, though swelling behavior must be monitored.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eAcid Recovery \u0026amp; Electrodialysis\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in processes requiring the transport of anions while blocking protons or metal cations in highly acidic environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBAEMFAP450 (C-VRFB-AEMFAP450)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent membrane\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBack Substrate\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle-side PET (need peeling off), no reinforcement layer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 50um * W 100mm * L 100mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAreal Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7.5-8.5 mg\/cm2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanar Resistivity (0.5M H2SO4)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.45-0.60 Ω · cm2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eConductivity (0.5M H2SO4) \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9-12 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90-96% (0.1\/0.5 mol\/kg KCl)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eProton Transmission Rate\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2500-4500 umol \u003cspan\u003e· min-1 · cm-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003epH Stability \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable when pH \u0026lt;4\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnstable when pH\u0026gt;11 \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FuelCellStore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47269996036326,"sku":"CRFBAEMFAP450","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBAEMFAP450_main.png?v=1768494374"},{"product_id":"cfbefcspeekp","title":"Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK, NEXIONIC) Powder for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCSPEEKP","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) in powder form is a versatile ion-exchange material used to fabricate membranes for fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water electrolysis. It is favored as a low-cost, environmentally friendly alternative to perfluorinated membranes like Nafion. SPEEK is produced by the sulfonation of PEEK (Polyether Ether Ketone) powder. PEEK itself is hydrophobic and non-conductive; by treating it with concentrated sulfuric acid (H2SO4), sulfonic acid groups (-SO3H) are attached to the polymer backbone. Its main application in electrochemistry is as ion-exchange membrane for redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCSPEEKP (C-FBEFC-SPEEKP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/SPEEK_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768579884\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white to slight yellow powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfonation Degree \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60% (Other sulfonation degrees, such as 50 %, 70%, 80% can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolubility\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDissolved in NMP, DMSO, DMF solvents\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003eQ. Luo, et al., Preparation and characterization of Nafion\/SPEEK layered composite membrane and its application in vanadium redox flow battery, J. Membrane Sci., 2008, 325, 553-558\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003eT. Huang, et al., Impact of SPEEK on PEEK membranes: Demixing, morphology and performance enhancement in lithium membrane extraction, J. Membrane Sci., 2020, 615, 118448.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YYSJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47272369684710,"sku":"CFBEFCSPEEKP","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCSPEEKP_main.png?v=1768542407"},{"product_id":"cfbefciemspeek","title":"Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCIEMSPEEK","description":"\u003cp\u003eSulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone (SPEEK) is a high-performance, non-fluorinated polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM). It is synthesized by the sulfonation of PEEK, a rigid, semi-crystalline thermoplastic. SPEEK has emerged as the primary low-cost alternative to perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes like Nafion, particularly for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs). The performance of SPEEK is governed by its Degree of Sulfonation (DS)—the percentage of PEEK repeat units that have been attached to a sulfonic acid (-SO3H) group.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 182.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCIEMSPEEK (C-FBEFC-IEMSPEEK)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(C₁₉H₁₂O₆S)n(C₁₉H₁₂O₃)m\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/SPEEK_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768579884\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfation Degree \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e60%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 25 or 50 um * L 100mm * W 100 mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e14.5 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e24-28 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003eQ. Luo, et al., Preparation and characterization of Nafion\/SPEEK layered composite membrane and its application in vanadium redox flow battery, J. Membrane Sci., 2008, 325, 553-558\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003eT. Huang, et al., Impact of SPEEK on PEEK membranes: Demixing, morphology and performance enhancement in lithium membrane extraction, J. Membrane Sci., 2020, 615, 118448.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"T 25um * W 100mm * L100mm","offer_id":47272858583270,"sku":"CFBEFCIEMSPEEKT25","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 50um * W 100mm * L100mm","offer_id":47272858616038,"sku":"CFBEFCIEMSPEEK-2","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCIEMSPEEK_main.png?v=1768552630"},{"product_id":"crfbiempbi","title":"Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Redox Flow Battery, CRFBIEMPBI","description":"\u003cp\u003ePolybenzimidazole (PBI) is a high-performance, non-fluorinated thermoplastic that has become a leading alternative to Nafion for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile materials like SPEEK are modified to have negative charges, PBI is a basic polymer. In the acidic environment of a flow battery, the nitrogen atoms in the PBI backbone become protonated, giving the membrane a positive charge. This creates a unique \"Donnan Exclusion\" effect that makes it one of the most selective membranes available. The features of PBI membrane in redox flow battery are shown below:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eProtonation\u003c\/strong\u003e: The imidazole groups in the PBI backbone (N-H) react with the acid to form positively charged sites.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eDonnan Exclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: These fixed positive charges electrostatically repel the positively charged vanadium ions (V2+, V3+, VO2+). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eIon Transport\u003c\/strong\u003e: While vanadium is repelled, protons (H+) and sulfate anions (HSO4-) can still pass through the polymer's free volume to maintain charge balance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 182.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBIEMPBI (C-RFB-IEMPBI)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBIEMPBI_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1768589215\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYellow\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 25 um * L 100mm * W 100 mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 40 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eVanadium Ion Permeability\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt;9*10-8 cm2\/min\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;40 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eColumbic Efficiency for VRFBs\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820309376\"\u003eX. Che, et al., Porous polybenzimidazole membranes with high ion selectivity for the vanadium redox flow battery, J. Membrane Sci., 2020, 611, 118359\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2405829721005936\"\u003eY. Chen, et al., Ion conductive mechanisms and redox flow battery applications of polybenzimidazole-based membranes, Energy Storage Mater., 2022, 45, 595-617.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47273891758310,"sku":"CRFBIEMPBI","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBIEMPBI_main.png?v=1768590132"},{"product_id":"crfbnppes","title":"Nanoporous Polyethylene (PE) Separator for Redox Flow Battery, 5 pcs\/pack, CRFBNPPES","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn a Redox Flow Battery (RFB), a PE (Polyethylene) nanopore membrane (often called a nanoporous separator) represents a shift away from expensive chemical \"ion-exchange\" membranes toward a mechanical \"sieving\" approach. By shrinking the pores from the micrometer scale down to the nanometer scale (typically \u0026lt;20 nm), these membranes can block large redox-active molecules while letting tiny charge-carrying ions pass through at high speeds.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNanoporous PE uses a physical process: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSize Exclusion\u003c\/strong\u003e: The \"nanopores\" are engineered to be larger than a proton (H+) or a chloride ion (Cl-) but smaller than the bulky \"active species\" (like Vanadium ions or Organic complexes). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eIon Flux\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because the pores are essentially open channels filled with liquid electrolyte, the resistance is lower than in solid polymers, allowing for higher power density.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 267.438px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBNPPES (C-RFB-NPPES)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white or grey\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 0.5 * L 100mm * W 100 mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePore Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~20 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePorosity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~55%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5 pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe nanoporous PE separator is especially suitable for \u003cstrong\u003eZinc-Bromide flow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273818306660\"\u003eH. Y. Jung, et al., Ionic transportation and chemical stability of high-endurance porous polyethylene separator for vanadium redox flow batteries, Ionic transportation and chemical stability of high-endurance porous polyethylene separator for vanadium redox flow batteries 2018, 327, 110-116\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsaem.3c00522\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1080\/15583724.2015.1011276\"\u003eX. Wei, et al., Porous Polymeric Composite Separators for Redox Flow Batteries, Polymer Reviews, 2015, 55, 247-272\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YLDCYJS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47277301006566,"sku":"CRFBNPPES","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBNPPES_main.png?v=1768714096"},{"product_id":"crfbeaemfapq330","title":"FAPQ-330 Anion-Exchange Membrane for Redox Flow Battery and Electrolyzer, CRFBEAEMFAPQ330","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep FAPQ-330 is a specialized Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) manufactured by Fumatech. It is widely used in high-performance Redox Flow Batteries (RFBs), particularly the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), where it serves as a critical separator between the positive and negative electrolytes. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUnlike traditional cation-exchange membranes (like Nafion), the FAPQ-330 is designed to conduct anions while significantly blocking the crossover of positively charged metal ions (like V2+, V3+, VO2+). This reduces self-discharge and maintains capacity over long cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe FAPQ-330 membranes are widely used for redox flow battery due to the following reasons: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Crossover\u003c\/strong\u003e: In Vanadium batteries, the crossover of vanadium ions leads to permanent loss of efficiency. Because this membrane is an Anion Exchanger, its fixed positive charges naturally repel the positive vanadium cations (the Donnan exclusion principle). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eEfficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: It typically achieves Coulombic Efficiencies (CE) of \u0026gt;98% and supports higher current densities (100 - 250 mA\/cm2) compared to thicker or reinforced membranes. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: Despite being non-reinforced, it maintains good tensile strength (20-45 MPa) and low swelling, which prevents the membrane from wrinkling or tearing within the cell stack.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe FAPQ-330 membrane is specifically noted for being highly resistant to chlorine. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical Chlorine Production\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in specialized cells where chlorine gas is a byproduct, which would normally degrade or \"bleach\" a standard exchange membrane. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSeawater Electrolysis Research\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is used in lab-scale setups for seawater splitting or desalination research because it can handle the high chloride content without losing its mechanical integrity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBEAEMFAPQ330 (C-RFBE-AEMFAPQ330)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSlightly Opaque\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle-side PET (need peeling off), no reinforcement layer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 30um * W 100mm * L 100mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChloride \/ Methylsulfate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight Per Unit Area    \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e4.0 – 5.0 mg cm^-2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Specific Resistance (ohm cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt; 0.35 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt; 0.35 (0.5 M H2SO4)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 85% (0.1 \/ 0.5 mol\/kg KCl at T = 25 °C)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eConductivity (0.5M H2SO4) \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e9-12 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e90-96% (0.1\/0.5 mol\/kg KCl)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eProton Transfer Rate\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 5.500 μmol min^- 1 c m^-2\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength - max. (MPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e20 – 45 MPa\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003epH Stability \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStable when pH 1-9\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FuelCellStore","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47277366542566,"sku":"CRFBEAEMFAPQ330","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBAEMFAP450_main.png?v=1768494374"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemfs","title":"Cation-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, FS Series) for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep (Fumapem) FS series is a family of perfluorinated cation-exchange membranes (PFSA) manufactured by Fumatech BWT. These are high-stability, high-performance materials built on a perfluorosulfonic acid backbone, making them the industry’s direct alternatives to Nafion. The series is categorized by thickness and reinforcement, primarily serving the hydrogen fuel cell, water electrolysis, and redox flow battery markets.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-930 (The Standard Thin Film)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is often used in Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB) and portable PEM fuel cells. Because it lacks reinforcement, it has a slightly higher swelling ratio than the RFS version but provides a very clear ionic path. In VRFB applications, it is valued for its high proton transfer rate (\u0026gt; 28,000 nmol\/min\/cm2).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-930-RFS (Reinforced and Stabilized)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is a premium automotive-grade membrane. It features an internal reinforcement (typically ePTFE mesh). The \"RFS\" designation stands for reinforced and stabilized. It offers extremely low dimensional swelling (\u0026lt; 6%) and high mechanical stability, making it ideal for systems that undergo frequent humidity cycling (start-stop cycles). It maintains very high conductivity (\u0026gt; 120 mS\/cm) despite the reinforcement.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-950 (Medium Thickness)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used for stationary fuel cells and VRFBs. In flow batteries, the extra thickness (50 μm) compared to the 930 series provides a better physical barrier against vanadium ion crossover, which improves the coulombic efficiency and capacity retention of the battery.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFS-990-PK (PEEK Reinforced)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most robust membrane in the FS lineup. It features a woven PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) mesh, which is mainly designed for Water Electrolysis or high-pressure systems. The PEEK mesh allows the membrane to withstand high differential pressures between the H2 and O2 chambers. The PEEK mesh offers superior thermal and chemical resistance compared to standard PET reinforcements, allowing for higher operating temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS930\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS930RFS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS950\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEFCCEMFS990PK\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Name\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-930\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-930-RFS\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-950\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFS-990-PK\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e27-32\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45-55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e85-100\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (RFS, ePTFE)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (Peek Mesh)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance (0.5M H₂SO₄, Ω·cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.02\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.45\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Exchange Capacity (IEC)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e-\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.15 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e- \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.1-1.25 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Characteristics \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStandard thin film; low ohmic resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReinforced for dimensional stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetter barrier against ion crossover.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtreme mechanical\/thermal stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Cases\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePortable Fuel Cells \/ VRFB\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAutomotive PEMFC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStationary PEMFC \/ VRFB\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy-duty Electrolysis\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"FS-930","offer_id":47375147303142,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS930","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-930-RFS","offer_id":47375147335910,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS930RFS","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-950","offer_id":47375147368678,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS950","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FS-990-PK","offer_id":47375147401446,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMFS990PK","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMFS_main.png?v=1771745272"},{"product_id":"corfbcdiceme620k","title":"E-620(K) Cation-Exchange Membrane for Organic Redox Flow Battery (ORFB) and Capacitive Deionization (CDI), CORFBCDICEME620K","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep E-620 is an electrochemical-grade Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM). Unlike the PFSA membranes (like Nafion or FS-930) that are often \"over-engineered\" for extreme fuel cell conditions, the E-620 is a high-selectivity, ultra-low resistance membrane designed for high-efficiency water treatment and specialized energy storage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary application for E-620(K) membrane is Capacitive Deionization (CDI) for electrochemical separation. the E-620 acts as the cation-selective layer that allows salt cations (like Na+ or Ca2+) to be adsorbed into the electrodes while preventing co-ion leakage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn organic redox flow battery application, its high selectivity (\u0026gt; 96%) helps prevent the crossover of active species in near-neutral or moderately acidic\/alkaline electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCORFBCDICEME620K (C-ORFBCDI-CEM-E620K)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent (light brown)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSingle-side PET (need peeling off), no reinforcement layer\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe membrane with microporous PE enforcement is available upon request. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eK form\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAdditive\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePEG\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 20um * W 100mm * L 100mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWeight per Unit Area (dry)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e26-35 g m-2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance in Na+ form\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026lt;1.0 Ω cm2\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity 0.1\/0.5 mol\/kg KCl at T = 25 °C\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 96%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eYoung’s modulus at 23 °C \/ 50 % r.h.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 600 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength at 23 °C \/ 50 % r.h.\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt; 30 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimensional Swelling in H2O at T = 25 °C\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;3%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStability Range \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStability range: pH = 0 – 14 at T = 15 – 40 °C\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47278183383270,"sku":"CORFBCDICEME620K","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CORFBCDIAEME620K_main.png?v=1768760956"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemn","title":"Nafion (N117, N115, N212, N211, NC700) Cation-Exchange Membrane for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMN","description":"\u003cp\u003eNafion™ is the \"gold standard\" material for all three technologies due to its perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) chemistry, which offers unmatched chemical stability and proton conductivity. However, the specific grade and thickness used vary significantly based on the operating pressures and crossover requirements of each system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn redox flow battery applications, thick Nafion 117 and 115 are used to create a long, difficult path for bulky vanadium or organic ions to travel through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyzer applications, thicker membranes like Nafion 117 are standard because they provide the mechanical strength to withstand these pressure differences without rupturing. A thick membrane is a better barrier against gas crossover, ensuring that the hydrogen produced is high-purity (\u0026gt;99.9%) and doesn't create an explosive mixture with oxygen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the fuel cell application field, thinner membranes like Nafion 212 (50 um) or 211 (25 um) have much lower resistance, allowing for higher current densities. Thin membranes allow water to move back and forth more easily (\"back-diffusion\"), which helps keep the membrane from drying out during high-power operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN117\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN115\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN212\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eN211\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNC700\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e183\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e127\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e51\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity (g\/cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e360\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e250\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e100\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity (S\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e0.083\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), MD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e43\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e23\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), TD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e32\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e28\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e45\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Content (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Absorption (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNo\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePTFE\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Application field for the above Nafion membrane products:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN117\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vanadium redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and DMFC\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN115\u003c\/strong\u003e: Vanadium redox flow battery, water electrolyzer, fuel cell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN212\u003c\/strong\u003e: PEM electrolyzer and water treatment under a medium-pressure system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eN211\u003c\/strong\u003e: Light electrolyzer and high-power fuel cell system\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eNC700\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-power electrolyzer and fuel cell stack.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) N212, N211, and NC700 have two protective layers that should be removed before use, and no extra pretreatment is needed.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) M115 and N117 can be pretreated: 5% H2O2 solution (1h), DI water rinse (0.5h), 5 wt% dilute H2SO4 at 80 °C (1h), DI water rinse (0.5h).\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"N117","offer_id":47284079624422,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN117","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N115","offer_id":47284079657190,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN115","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N212","offer_id":47284079689958,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN212","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"N211","offer_id":47284079722726,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNN211","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"NC700","offer_id":47284079755494,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMNNC700","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMN_main.png?v=1768972169"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemepfsa","title":"Economic PFSA Cation-Exchange Membrane for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMEPFSA","description":"\u003cp\u003ePFSA (Perfluorosulfonic Acid) membranes are the most widely used type of cation exchange membrane in high-performance electrochemical systems. They are defined by a \"Teflon-like\" hydrophobic backbone with side chains ending in hydrophilic sulfonic acid groups. (1) In redox flow battery application, it conducts H+ while blocking vanadium ions to store energy. (2) In electrolyzer application field, it conducts H+ to produce green hydrogen or hydrocarbon from water and CO2. (3) In fuel cell application field, it conducts H+ from anode to cathode to generate power.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe economic PFSA membranes can be great alternatives to the expensive Nafion counterparts. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA117\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA115\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePFSA3015\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e175\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e125\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity (g\/cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3345\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e246\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity (S\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 0.1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), MD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;28\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Content (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eWater Uptake (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e50\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eePTFE\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e: (1) Application field for above economic PFSA membrane products:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePFSA117 \u0026amp; PFSA115\u003c\/strong\u003e: Redox flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePFSA3015 (ePTFE reinforce)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Specially designed for fuel cell application. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) All the PFSA membrane has a protective layer that should be removed before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMEPFSA_02_160x160.png?v=1768977125\" alt=\"\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SZKJ","offers":[{"title":"PFSA117","offer_id":47284130087142,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA117","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"PFSA115","offer_id":47284130119910,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA115","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"PFSA3015","offer_id":47284130218214,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMEPFSA3015","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMEPFSA_main.png?v=1768977116"},{"product_id":"crfbeaems","title":"SELEMION Anion-Exchange Membrane for Redox Flow Battery and Electrodialysis, CRFBEAEMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSELEMION™ Anion Exchange Membranes (AEMs), developed by AGC Engineering (formerly Asahi Glass), are a globally recognized family of hydrocarbon-based ion-exchange materials. Unlike fluorinated membranes (like Nafion), SELEMION membranes utilize a poly(styrene)-based structure, making them more cost-effective and highly versatile for industrial liquid processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere are four main types of SELEMION™ anion exchange membranes: AMVN, DSVN, AAVN, and ASVN. The main applications for SELEMION™ AEM is electrodialysis (ED), which uses alternating stacks of anion and cation membranes to move salts from a \"desalination\" chamber to a \"concentration\" chamber using DC current. The second application is redox flow battery, SELEMION membranes (specifically the DSVN and AMVN grades) are popular in Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries (AORFBs) and Vanadium systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 324px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAMVN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDSVN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAAVN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eASVN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e95\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e120\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e120\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCounter Ion\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCl-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCl-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSO4^2-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCl-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBurst Strength (KPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e250\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e150\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 35.6px; text-align: center;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e550\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; text-align: center; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e200\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eResistance in 0.5M NaCl (Ω cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e2.0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.8\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eResistance in 0.25M H2SO4 (Ω cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e-\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.2\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; 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height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eWoven Fabric\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eNo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eWoven Fabric\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003eWoven Fabric\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.8008%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.6319%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 16.1689%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.6419%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15.8216%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: center;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cem\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e: (1) Application field for above SELEMION AEM membrane products:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                  \u003cstrong\u003eAMVN\u003c\/strong\u003e: Electrodialysis (ED) and Redox Flow Battery (RFB)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                  \u003cstrong\u003eDSVN\u003c\/strong\u003e: Electrodialysis (ED) and Organic Redox Flow Battery (ORFB)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                  \u003cstrong\u003eAAVN\u003c\/strong\u003e: Electrodialysis (ED) and Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Battery (AORFB)  \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e                  ASVN\u003c\/strong\u003e: Electrodialysis (ED) for acid recovery and Redox Flow Battery (RFB)\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QNYCL","offers":[{"title":"AMVN","offer_id":47288608194790,"sku":"CRFBEAEMSAMVN","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"DSVN","offer_id":47288608227558,"sku":"CRFBEAEMSDSVN","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"AAVN","offer_id":47288608260326,"sku":"CRFBEAEMSAAVN","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"ASVN","offer_id":47288750670054,"sku":"CRFBEAEMSASVN","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBEAEMS_main.png?v=1769105525"},{"product_id":"cgrfbtcsfc","title":"General Redox Flow Battery Testing Cell with Serpentine Flow Channels, CGRFBTCSFC","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Redox Flow Battery (RFB) testing cell is the core electrochemical component of a flow battery system where the conversion between electrical and chemical energy occurs. Unlike traditional batteries, the energy is stored in liquid electrolytes (anolyte and catholyte) which are pumped through this cell during operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA standard lab-scale RFB cell is usually a \"sandwich\" stack held together by end-plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eEnd Plates\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually made of heavy-duty stainless steel or aluminum. They provide the mechanical pressure required to seal the cell and ensure low contact resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Often gold-plated or high-purity copper plates that transfer electrons from the internal electrodes to the external circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eBipolar Plates (Flow Fields\u003c\/strong\u003e): Typically made of high-density graphite or graphite-polymer composites. These plates have machined channels (e.g., serpentine, parallel, or interdigitated) to distribute the liquid electrolyte evenly across the electrode surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) \u003cstrong\u003ePorous\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eElectrodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually carbon felt or graphite felt. These provide a high surface area for the redox reactions to occur as the liquid flows through them.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(5) \u003cstrong\u003eIon-Exchange Membrane\u003c\/strong\u003e: The \"heart\" of the cell (often Nafion or similar PFSAs). It separates the two electrolytes to prevent mixing while allowing specific ions (like H+ or Cl-) to pass through to maintain charge balance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(6) \u003cstrong\u003eGaskets\u003c\/strong\u003e: Made of chemically resistant materials like PTFE (Teflon) or Viton to prevent electrolyte leakage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 1125.71px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCGRFBTCSFC (C-GRFB-TCSFC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 145.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnd Plates: HDPE material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Collector: Graphite plate with flow channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode: Graphite felt (T=3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode Gasket: PTFE\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMembrane Frame: Silicone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTubing Connection: Barbed hose fitting \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Cell Voltage: 1.5-1.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_09_160x160.png?v=1770141043\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 85.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 85.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 85.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefault effective area is 2.0 cm * 2.0 cm (4.0 cm2) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther types of active areas, such as (1.6cm * 1.6cm) (3.2cm * 3.2cm), (5 cm * 5cm) are also available upon request.  \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell size: W60×H70 mm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFlow Channels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard flow channel is \u003cstrong\u003eSerpentine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e           \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_02_100x100.png?v=1769371422\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_05_100x100.png?v=1769371754\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Other flow channel types: such as interdigital, parallel serpentine are also available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_03_100x100.png?v=1769371649\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e   \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_04_100x100.png?v=1769371649\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 122.113px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 122.113px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssembling Diagram\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 122.113px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e      \u003cimg height=\"90\" width=\"189\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_06_160x160.png?v=1769372008\"\u003e    \u003cimg height=\"102\" width=\"89\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_07_160x160.png?v=1769372141\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 276.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 276.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eComplete Testing System (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 276.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe complete testing system with split cell, two peristaltic pumps, two bottles (100 mL), and connecting tubing (I.D. 2mm, O.D. 4mm), as well as a supporting stack, is available upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_04_160x160.png?v=1769377131\"\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIron-Chromium Redox Flow Battery \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TZTX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47294771527910,"sku":"CGRFBTCSFC","price":999.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCSFC_main.png?v=1777310156"},{"product_id":"czxrfbdtcsfc","title":"Deposition-Type Testing Cell with Serpentine Flow Channels for Zn-X (X=Br2\/I2\/Fe) Redox Flow Battery, CZXRFBDTCSFC","description":"\u003cp\u003eA deposition-type redox flow battery (often called a hybrid flow battery) is a system where one of the active chemical species is deposited as a solid layer onto an electrode during the charging process, rather than remaining dissolved in the liquid electrolyte. While traditional \"all-flow\" batteries (like the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery) keep all chemicals in a liquid state at all times, deposition-type batteries involve a phase transition (Liquid to Solid).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe working principle for the deposition-type redox flow battery testing cell is shown below: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Liquid Side (Catholyte)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Acts like a standard flow battery. The redox species stays dissolved in the electrolyte as it changes oxidation states (e.g., Fe^{2+} to Fe^{3+}). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Deposition Side (Anolyte)\u003c\/strong\u003e: During charging, metal ions in the electrolyte receive electrons and plate (deposit) as a solid metal onto the surface of the negative electrode.2 During discharge, this solid metal is \"stripped\" back into the liquid.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 1194px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCZXRFBDTCSFC (C-ZXRFB-DTCSFC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnd Plates: PEEK material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Collector: Graphite plate with serpentine flow channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode: Graphite felt (T=3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode Gasket: PTFE\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMembrane Frame: Silicone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTubing Connection: Barbed hose fitting \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Cell Voltage: 1.5-1.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefault effective area is 2.0 cm * 2.0 cm (4 cm2)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther types of active areas, such as (1.6cm * 1.6cm), (3.2cm * 3.2cm), (5 cm * 5cm) are also available upon request.  \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell size: W60×H70 mm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFlow Channels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard flow channel is \u003cstrong\u003eSerpentine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e           \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_02_100x100.png?v=1769371422\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_05_100x100.png?v=1769371754\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Other flow channel types: such as interdigital, parallel serpentine are also available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_03_100x100.png?v=1769371649\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e   \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_04_100x100.png?v=1769371649\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssembling Diagram\/Parts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e      \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_02_160x160.png?v=1769376765\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e    \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_03_160x160.png?v=1769376996\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReal Case Demo\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_05_160x160.png?v=1769377262\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 255.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 255.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eComplete Testing System (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 255.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe complete testing system with split cell, two peristaltic pumps, two bottles (100 mL), connecting tubing (I.D. 2mm, O.D. 4mm), and a stack for host all parts, is available upon request. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e         \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_04_160x160.png?v=1769377131\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZn-Br2 Redox Flow Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZn-I2 Redox Flow Battery \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZn-Fe Redox Flow Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TZTX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47295916474598,"sku":"CZXRFBDTCSFC","price":999.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_main.png?v=1769376188"},{"product_id":"crfbtcssfc","title":"Redox Flow Battery Testing Cell Stack with Serpentine Flow Channels, CRFBTCSSFC","description":"\u003cp\u003eA Redox Flow Battery (RFB) testing stack is a laboratory-scale or pilot-scale assembly used to evaluate the electrochemical performance, fluid dynamics, and durability of a battery design before full-scale commercialization. While a \"single cell\" tests a specific material (like a new membrane), a stack tests how multiple cells interact when connected electrically in series and fluidically in parallel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA testing cell stack is a \"sandwich\" of multiple repeating units. The primary components are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBipolar Plates (BPP)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These plates separate individual cells. They must be electronically conductive to transfer electrons between cells but chemically inert to the electrolyte. They often feature flow fields (serpentine or interdigitated patterns) to distribute the liquid evenly. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePorous Electrodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually made of carbon felt or carbon paper, these provide the high surface area needed for the redox reactions to occur. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eIon-Exchange Membrane (IEM)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Positioned between the positive and negative half-cells of each unit to allow charge-balancing ions to pass while preventing the \"crossover\" of the active redox chemicals. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eEnd Plates \u0026amp; Current Collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Heavy-duty outer plates (often stainless steel or high-strength plastic) that provide the clamping force to seal the stack. Copper current collectors are placed just inside the end plates to connect the stack to the power supply.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 1194px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCRFBTCSSFC (C-RFB-TCSSFC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 184.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnd Plates: PEEK material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Collector: Graphite plate with serpentine flow channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode: Graphite felt (T=3 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode Gasket: PTFE\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMembrane Frame: Silicone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTubing Connection: Barbed hose fitting \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Cell Voltage: 1.5-1.7 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003e\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eThree or five repeated units\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 106.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEffective area for 3 stacks is 3.2 cm * 3.2 cm (1.6 cm*1.6 cm or 2.0 cm * 20 cm is also available upon request; the customized stack number can be up to 5). The single cell size is W90×H100 mm \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEffective area for 5 stacks is 5.0 cm * 5.0 cm (the customized stack numbers can be upto 8); The single cell size is W90×H100 mm \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFlow Channels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard flow channel is \u003cstrong\u003eSerpentine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e           \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_02_100x100.png?v=1769371422\"\u003e    \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_05_100x100.png?v=1769371754\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Other flow channel types: such as interdigital, parallel serpentine are also available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_03_100x100.png?v=1769371649\"\u003e   \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_04_100x100.png?v=1769371649\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssembling Diagram\/Parts\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 151.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e        \u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBTCSSFC_03_160x160.png?v=1769379438\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 67.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAll-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIron-Chromium Redox Flow Battery \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TZTX","offers":[{"title":"Three Stacks","offer_id":47295964512486,"sku":"CRFBTCSSFC3","price":1999.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Five Stacks","offer_id":47295964545254,"sku":"CRFBTCSSFC5","price":3999.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBTCSSFC_main.png?v=1769378575"},{"product_id":"corfbtctbpsfc","title":"Organic Redox Flow Battery Testing Cell with Ti Bipolar Plates and Serpentine Flow Channels, CORFBTCTBPSFC","description":"\u003cp\u003eAn organic redox flow battery (ORFB) testing cell is a specialized laboratory-scale device used to evaluate new organic redox-active molecules for energy storage. These cells are typically designed for rapid assembly and disassembly to facilitate high-throughput testing of different electrolytes, membranes, and electrodes. The Ti plate has multifunctional roles in the testing cell: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as the bridge to transfer electrons from the internal carbon electrodes to the external circuit (load\/cycler). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Compression\u003c\/strong\u003e: It helps distribute the compression force evenly across the active area, which is critical for reducing contact resistance with the carbon felt. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eFluid Barrier\u003c\/strong\u003e: In designs where flow channels are machined directly into the Ti plate, it also acts as the barrier to prevent electrolyte leakage.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 941.101px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 41.75px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 41.75px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 41.75px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCORFBTCTBPSFC (C-ORFB-TCTBPSFC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 191.7px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 191.7px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eStructure\/Components\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 191.7px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEnd Plates: PEEK material\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCurrent Collector: Ti plate with flow channels\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode: Graphite felt (T=2-5 mm)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElectrode Gasket: PTFE\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMembrane Frame: Silicone\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTubing Connection: Barbed hose fitting \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Cell Voltage: ~2.0 V\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 146.363px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 146.363px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 146.363px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDefault effective area is 2.0 cm * 2.0 cm (4.0 cm2) \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOther types of active areas, such as (1.6cm * 1.6cm), (3.2cm * 3.2cm), (5 cm * 5cm) are also available upon request.  \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell size: W60×H70 mm \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFlow Channels\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 353.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStandard flow channel is \u003cstrong\u003eSerpentine\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e           \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_02_100x100.png?v=1769371422\"\u003e    \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_05_100x100.png?v=1769371754\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e Other flow channel types: such as interdigital, parallel serpentine are also available upon request.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_03_100x100.png?v=1769371649\"\u003e   \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CGRFBTCFC_04_100x100.png?v=1769371649\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 148.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 148.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAssembling Diagram\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 148.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e        \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CORFBTCTBPSFC_02_160x160.png?v=1769382302\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e  \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CORFBTCTBPSFC_03_160x160.png?v=1769382370\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" width=\"112\" height=\"128\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 13.3125px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 13.3125px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Field\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 13.3125px;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOrganic Redox Flow Battery\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.975px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.0935%; height: 45.975px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNote\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.7266%; height: 45.975px;\"\u003eThe cell components should be thoroughly cleaned and dried after use. \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"TZTX","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47295972147430,"sku":"CORFBTCTBPSFC","price":699.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CORFBTCTBPSFC_main.png?v=1769382114"},{"product_id":"cvrfbae","title":"Aqueous Electrolyte (1.7 M, V3.5+) for Long-Life Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, 500 mL\/bottle, CVRFBAE","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), the electrolyte is unique because it utilizes the same element—vanadium—in four different oxidation states across both the positive and negative halves of the cell. This design eliminates the risk of cross-contamination that plagues other flow battery chemistries. The standard VRFB electrolyte consists of vanadium ions dissolved in a supporting acid solution: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically ranges from 1.5 M to 2.0 M for commercial applications to balance energy density and stability. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSupporting Electrolyte\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually 3.0 M to 5.0 M Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eAdditives\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phosphoric acid or other stabilizers are often added in small quantities to prevent the vanadium from precipitating out of the solution at high temperatures (above 40°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBAE (C-VRFB-AE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack (or dark blue) solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.38 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7 mol\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Vanadium Valence State\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+3.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfate Ion Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.2 mol\/L\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531102283X\"\u003eX. Ma, et al., An optimal strategy of electrolyte flow rate for vanadium redox flow battery, J. Power Sources, 2012, 203, 153-158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1364032116309340\"\u003eC. Choi, et al., A review of vanadium electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 69, 263-274\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47309480722662,"sku":"CVRFBAE","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBAE_main.png?v=1769796005"},{"product_id":"czbrfbae","title":"Aqueous Electrolyte (2.0 M ZnBr2) for Zn-Br2 Redox Flow Battery, 500 mL\/bottle, CZBRFBAE","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn a Zinc-Bromine (Zn-Br2) flow battery, the electrolyte plays a dual role: it acts as the source of active materials and the medium for energy storage. Unlike \"all-liquid\" systems like Vanadium, the Zn-Br2 battery is a hybrid flow battery because the zinc is stored as a solid metal on the electrode during charging. The electrolyte is typically a single aqueous solution shared by both the positive and negative loops. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMain Salt\u003c\/strong\u003e: 1.0 M to 3.0 M Zinc Bromide (ZnBr2) dissolved in water. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSupporting Salts\u003c\/strong\u003e: Potassium chloride (KCl) or sodium chloride (NaCl) are often added to improve the ionic conductivity of the solution. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eComplexing Agents\u003c\/strong\u003e: Quaternary ammonium salts (e.g., MEP or MEM) are essential additives. They bind with the liquid bromine (Br2) produced during charging to form a dense, oily \"polybromide\" phase that sinks to the bottom of the tank, preventing self-discharge and reducing toxic bromine vapors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCZBRFBAE (C-ZBRFB-AE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack (or dark blue) solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.38 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.0 mol\/L ZnBr2 (KCl as supporting component, and MEP complex agent)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323005876\"\u003eH. Park, et al., Synergistic effect of electrolyte additives on the suppression of dendrite growth in a flowless membraneless Zn–Br2 battery, J. Power Sources, 2023, 580, 233212\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775324013879\"\u003eR. Wang, et al., A voltage-decoupled Zn-Br2 flow battery for large-scale energy storage, J. Power Sources, 2024, 623, 235435\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YLDCYJS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47309550289126,"sku":"CZBRFBAE","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBAE_main.png?v=1769932344"},{"product_id":"czbrfbbcamep","title":"MEP (N-methyl-N-ethylpyrrolidinium bromide, 99.5%) as Bromine Complexing Agent for Zn-Br2 Redox Flow Battery, 50 g\/bottle, CZBRFBBCAMEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Zinc-Bromine (Zn-Br2) batteries, MEP (N-methyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide, or called N-Ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bromide) is the industry-standard Bromine Complexing Agent (BCA). It is a quaternary ammonium salt used to manage the hazardous and highly reactive elemental bromine generated during the charging process. The roles of MEP in Zn-Br2 Batteries are mainly displayed as below: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSelf-Discharge\u003c\/strong\u003e: Free Br2 can diffuse through the separator to the zinc anode, where it reacts directly with the metallic zinc, causing rapid energy loss. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSafety Hazards\u003c\/strong\u003e: Br2 has a high vapor pressure (13 mbar at 20°C); it easily evaporates into a toxic red-brown gas.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen Br2 is produced at the cathode during charge, it immediately reacts with the MEP molecules in the electrolyte to form polybromides (like [MEP]Br3 or [MEP]Br5). These complexes are: \u003cstrong\u003eImmiscible\u003c\/strong\u003e: They form a dense, oily red liquid phase that sinks to the bottom of the electrolyte tank. \u003cstrong\u003eStable\u003c\/strong\u003e: They significantly reduce the vapor pressure of the bromine, making the battery much safer. \u003cstrong\u003eReversible\u003c\/strong\u003e: During discharge, the oily phase is pumped back to the electrode, where the bromine is released and reduced back to bromide ions (Br-).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCZBRFBBCAMEP (C-ZBRFB-BCAMEP)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eOff-white powder (or light yellow)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e69227-51-6\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula \u0026amp; Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e C7H16BrN\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBBCAMEP_chemical_structure_160x160.png?v=1769933752\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e194.11\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0719%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7482%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/smll.202307627\"\u003eM. Zhao, et al., A Choline-Based Antifreezing Complexing Agent with Selective Compatibility for Zn–Br2 Flow Batteries, Small, 2024, 20, 2307627\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323005876\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsenergylett.5c02463\"\u003eY. Liu, et al., Synergistic Electrolyte Design for High-Performance Static Zinc–Bromine Batteries, ACS Energy Lett. 2025, 10, 11, 5809–5824\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"YLDCYJS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47313052467430,"sku":"CZBRFBBCAMEP","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CZBRFBBCAMEP_main.png?v=1769933752"},{"product_id":"cvrfbiemsppsu","title":"Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone (SPPSU) Ion-Exchange Membrane for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), CVRFBIEMSPPSU","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn a Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), the SPPSU (Sulfonated Polyphenylsulfone) membrane acts as the \"gatekeeper.\" Its job is to allow protons (H^+) to pass through to complete the electrical circuit while blocking vanadium ions (V^{2+}, V^{3+}, VO^{2+}, VO2^+) from mixing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIon Selectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: SPPSU has a high ion selectivity, which is the ratio of proton conductivity to vanadium permeability. Because the pores in SPPSU are generally smaller and less interconnected than those in perfluorinated membranes, the bulky vanadium ions find it much harder to \"leak\" through.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCapacity Retention\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because it blocks vanadium crossover so effectively, VRFBs using SPPSU often show much higher Coulombic Efficiency (CE) and slower capacity decay over hundreds of cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 182.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBIEMSPPSU (C-VRFB-IEM-SPPSU)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBIEMSPPSU_chemical_structure_160x160.png?v=1770181139\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTransparent\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfation Degree \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e30%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eT 25 or 50 um * L 100mm * W 100 mm (Other membrane sizes can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e7.9 mS\/cm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e40-45 MPa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Note\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) The 25 um thickness membrane is mainly used for high energy density field due to its low resistance\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) The 50 um thickness membrane is mainly used for long-term cycling filed due to its high blocking capability to vanadium ions.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2016\/ta\/c6ta00698a\/unauth\"\u003eB. P. Gindt, et al., Nanoporous polysulfone membranes via a degradable block copolymer precursor for redox flow batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016,4, 4288-4295\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738808007618\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsapm.4c01262\"\u003eS. Swaby, et al., Block Copolymer-Based Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries: Synthesis, Characterization, and Performance, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2024, 6, 15, 8966–8976\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"T 25um * W 100mm * L100mm","offer_id":47323586494694,"sku":"CFBEFCIEMSPEEKT25","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 50um * W 100mm * L100mm","offer_id":47323586527462,"sku":"CVRFBIEMSPPSUT50","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBIEMSPPSU_main.png?v=1770181139"},{"product_id":"crfbecemf","title":"Cation-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, F Series) for Redox Flow Battery and Electrolyzer, CRFBECEMF","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep F-series (produced by Fumatech BWT) comprises a broad range of high-performance cation exchange membranes (CEMs). While Nafion is the standard for acidic fuel cells, the Fumasep F-series is the \"Swiss Army Knife\" of CEMs, offering specialized grades for everything from vanadium redox flow batteries to large-scale industrial electrodialysis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF-930-RFD (Reinforced Flow-battery Durability)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is a specialized, thin membrane designed for Redox Flow Batteries. It contains an internal reinforcement that allows it to be very thin (30 μm) for low ohmic loss while preventing the membrane from stretching or tearing under the weight of the electrolyte. It has an area resistance of \u0026lt; 0.21 Ω cm^2 in sulfuric acid, making it one of the most efficient VRFB separators.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF-1850 (The \"Blend\" Membrane)\u003c\/strong\u003e: F-1850 membrane is mainly used in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC) and flow batteries. It is a non-reinforced \"blend\" membrane (50 μm). It is specifically formulated to have a higher \"blocking\" capability, meaning it prevents methanol or vanadium ions from crossing over more effectively than standard PFSA films of the same thickness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eF-10120 \u0026amp; F-10120-PK (The Electrolysis Workhorses)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These are much thicker membranes (120 μm) designed for long-term industrial use. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eF-10120\u003c\/strong\u003e: A standard, thick PFSA film. Its primary advantage is chlorine resistance and high oxidative stability, making it ideal for electrode protection in harsh chemical environments. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eF-10120-PK\u003c\/strong\u003e: This version adds a Polyetheretherketone (PEEK\/PK) woven mesh. This mesh makes the membrane virtually indestructible in a stack, allowing it to withstand high differential pressures between the hydrogen and oxygen sides in a water electrolyzer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 1048px;\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003ePart Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003eCRFBECEMF930\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003eCRFBECEMF1850\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003eCRFBECEMF10120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003eCRFBECEMF10120PK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e Name\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003eF-930-RFD\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003eF-1850\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003eF-10120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003eF-10120-PK\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003e120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003eYes (PE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003eNone (Self-supporting)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003eNone (Self-supporting)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003eYes (PEEK Mesh)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance (Ω·cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.3\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003e0.79\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003e\u0026lt;0.8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;70\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003e27-31\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e-\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;99%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003e93-94%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003e\u0026gt;95%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical Use Case\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003eWater Electrolysis \u0026amp; Redox Flow Battery\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003eHarsh Oxidative Electrochemistry\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003eChlorine Electrolysis \u0026amp; Oxidative Electrochemistry \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 121px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 225px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 238px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 219.562px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 212.438px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eF-930-RFD\u003c\/strong\u003e: Treated with 10 wt% H2SO4, 70-100 °C, 6 h and DI H2O rinsing. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eF-1850\u003c\/strong\u003e: Direct use with dry form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eF-10120\u003c\/strong\u003e: Treated with 0.5 M NaCl，25°C，72h, and then several time refresh of soak solution. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) \u003cstrong\u003eF-10120-PK\u003c\/strong\u003e: Direct use with dry form, or use acid treatment as F-930-RFD. \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"F-930-RFD","offer_id":47372504662246,"sku":"CRFBECEMF930RFD","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"F-1850","offer_id":47372504695014,"sku":"CRFBECEMF1850","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"F-10120","offer_id":47372504727782,"sku":"CRFBECEMF10120","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"F-10120-PK","offer_id":47372504760550,"sku":"CRFBECEMF10120PK","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CRFBECEMF_main.png?v=1771657245"},{"product_id":"cfbefccemf14100","title":"Cation-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, F14100) for Flow Battery, Electrolzyer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCCEMF14100","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep F-14100 is a heavy-duty, perfluorinated cation-exchange membrane (PFSA) manufactured by Fumatech BWT. Within the Fumatech lineup, it serves as the \"extra-thick\" equivalent to Nafion™ 115 or 117, offering maximum durability and chemical barrier properties. The \"14\" in the name typically refers to its Equivalent Weight (EW) of approximately 1400 g\/eq, while the \"100\" denotes its nominal dry thickness of 100 µm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBecause the F-14100 is significantly thicker than standard fuel cell membranes (which are often 20–30 µm), it is used in \"high-barrier\" electrochemical processes: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDirect Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the primary use case. Thinner membranes allow methanol to \"crossover\" from the anode to the cathode, which wastes fuel and kills performance. The 100 µm thickness of the F-14100 acts as a powerful physical barrier to keep methanol where it belongs. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eProton-Exchange Membrane\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eWater Electrolysis (PEMWE)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used in systems where gas purity is the top priority. The thickness ensures that Hydrogen and Oxygen do not mix across the membrane, even under high pressure. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eVanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFB)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ideal for long-duration storage systems. It provides superior blocking of vanadium ions compared to thinner grades, leading to higher coulombic efficiency and slower self-discharge.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePart Number\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eCFBEFCCEMF14100 (C-FBEFC-CEM-F14100)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eFunctional Group\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e Sulfonic Acid (–SO₃⁻)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eNone\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~100 um\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Exchange Capacity (meq\/g)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e~0.56-0.84\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance (Ω·cm² 25℃, H₂O)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;0.25\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimensional Swelling\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;16 wt%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrimary Applications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eDMFC, PEMWE, VFRB\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e10cm*10cm\/pcs\/pack (other sheet size of 20cm*20cm also can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe F-14100 is supplied in the H+ (Proton) form and is delivered as a dry, transparent foil. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eRemoval of Backing Foil\u003c\/strong\u003e: The membrane is delivered on a clear PET backing foil. You must carefully peel the membrane away from this plastic before assembly.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eActivation\u003c\/strong\u003e: While it can be used \"as-is,\" many protocols recommend a hot-acid soak to ensure maximum proton conductivity: (a) Soak in 5–10 wt% H2SO4 at 80°C for 2–4 hours. (b) Rinse multiple times with deionized water.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eHydration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Always pre-soak the membrane in your target electrolyte for 24 hours before final cutting. The 100 µm film will expand significantly when wet; if you cut it dry and install it, it will wrinkle and leak once it hydrates inside the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReference:\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/admt.202300720\"\u003eN. Weber, et al., Tailoring Pore Networks – Gas Diffusion Electrodes via Additive Manufacturing, Adv. Mater. Interfaces, 2023, 8, 2300720\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.1c03698\"\u003eX. Wei, et al., Efficient Electrocatalytic N2 Reduction on Three-Phase Interface Coupled in a Three-Compartment Flow Reactor for the Ambient NH3 Synthesis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2021, 13, 18, 21411–21425\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47376517169382,"sku":"CFBEFCCEMF14100","price":189.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCCEMF14100_main.png?v=1771791707"},{"product_id":"cfbeefcaemfaa3","title":"Anion-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, FAA-3 Series) for Flow Battery, Electrodialysis, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEEFCAEMFAA3","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep FAA-3 series is a family of hydrocarbon-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on a polyaromatic backbone with quaternary ammonium functional groups. Produced by Fumatech BWT, they are the industry standard for alkaline electrolysis, fuel cells, and CO2 reduction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFAA-3-30 and FAA-3-50 (Non-Reinforced)\u003c\/strong\u003e: These are \"homogeneous\" films, meaning they consist purely of the ion-exchange polymer without an internal fabric mesh. (1) \u003cstrong\u003ePros\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lowest possible electrical resistance (ASR) because there is no \"dead space\" taken up by non-conductive reinforcement fibers. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCons\u003c\/strong\u003e: They are prone to significant swelling and are mechanically delicate. It is best to be used for small-scale laboratory research where you want to minimize voltage losses.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFAA-3-PE-30 (The \"Power\" Reinforced Membrane)\u003c\/strong\u003e: This grade uses an ultra-thin Polyethylene (PE) reinforcement. It allows the membrane to stay at 30 μm (the same as the unreinforced FAA-3-30) while providing enough mechanical strength to prevent tearing during stack assembly. It can be mainly used for multi-cell stacks where high efficiency is required but manual handling of unreinforced 30 μm films is too risky.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAA-3-PK Series (75 and 130 μm): These membranes are reinforced with a woven PEEK (Polyetheretherketone) mesh. PEEK mesh is highly resistant to heat and chemicals, in which the skeleton ensuring the membrane does not sag or stretch even in large-format industrial frames. These reinforced membranes are suitable for industrial bipolar electrodialysis (EDBM) or high-pressure water electrolyzers where the membrane must withstand pressure differentials between chambers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEEFCAEMFAA330\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEEFCAEMFAA3PE30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEEFCAEMFAAFAA350\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCFBEEFCAEMFAA3PK75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Name\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAA-3-30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAA-3-PE-30\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAA-3-50\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFAA-3-PK-75\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e26-34\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e45-55\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e70-80\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (PE Mesh)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo (Self-Supporting)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eYes (Peek Mesh)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDimensional Swelling \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eArea Resistance (Cl-, Ω·cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;2.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;1.3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.6-1.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2-2.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrical Conductivity (Cl-, mS\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;5.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;2.0\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.5-6.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;1.5\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Exchange Capacity (IEC)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.67-2.04 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.4-1.6 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.6-2.1 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.2-2.0 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Characteristics \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBalanced thin-film performance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReinforced but ultra-thin; low ASR.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBetter gas barrier; higher durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRobust; excellent dimensional stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Cases\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOrganic Redox Flow Batteries (Aqueous), Lab-scale AEMWE \/ AEMFC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHigh-power density stacks\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAEM Electrolysis \/ CO2 RR\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIndustrial stacks \/ EDBM\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 15%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 21.027%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18.973%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 18%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUse Note:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll FAA-3 membranes are shipped in a stable Bromide (Br-) form and are dry. They must be converted to the active Hydroxide (OH-) form before use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003ePeel the Backer\u003c\/strong\u003e: The membranes arrive on a clear PET backing foil. You must peel this plastic off before cutting or assembling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eActivation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Soak in 1.0 M KOH at room temperature for 12–24 hours.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eHydration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Always pre-soak the membrane for at least 24 hours before final cutting. These hydrocarbon membranes swell significantly in X and Y directions; if you cut them dry, they will wrinkle and buckle inside your cell once they hit the electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCarbonation Warning: Once converted to OH-, keep the membrane in a CO2-free environment (sealed bag or submerged in electrolyte). Exposure to air will convert the OH- to CO3^{2-}, which significantly increases electrical resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4360\/15\/6\/1555\"\u003eC. L. Vecchio, et al., Investigation of Fumasep® FAA3-50 Membranes in Alkaline Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Polymers, 2023, 15, 1555\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acsami.5c13225\"\u003eY. Zhao, et al., Screening Anion Exchange Membranes for CO2 Electrolysis, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2025, 17, 40, 56164–56174\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlehtml\/2025\/ta\/d5ta05372b\"\u003eY. Gong, Composite membranes with tailored interfaces for high-efficiency anion exchange membrane-based alkaline water and simulated alkaline seawater electrolysis, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2025, 13, 28546-28558\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"FAA-3-30","offer_id":47376563241190,"sku":"CFBEEFCAEMFAA330","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FAA-30-PE-30","offer_id":47376563273958,"sku":"CFBEEFCAEMFAA30PE30","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FAA-3-50","offer_id":47376563306726,"sku":"CFBEEFCAEMFAA350","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FAA-3-PK-75","offer_id":47376563339494,"sku":"CFBEEFCAEMFAA3PK75","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEEFCAEMFAA3_main.png?v=1771795696"},{"product_id":"cfbeaemfabpk","title":"Anion-Exchange Membrane (Fumasep, FAB-PK Series) for Flow Battery and Electrodialysis, CFBEAEMFABPK","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Fumasep FAB-PK series is a specialized line of reinforced anion exchange membranes (AEMs) designed specifically for acid processing and bipolar membrane electrodialysis (EDBM). While the FAA series is the general-purpose choice for electrolysis and fuel cells, the FAB series is engineered with a proprietary \"low proton crossover\" chemistry. This makes it the preferred choice for applications where you need to block protons (H+) from leaking across the membrane, such as in the production of highly concentrated acids.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary applications of the FAB-PK series membranes are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAcid\/Base Production (EDBM): \u003c\/strong\u003eIn a Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis stack, the FAB membrane is used as the anion-selective layer. Its unique chemistry prevents protons generated at the bipolar interface from migrating into the salt chamber. This allows for the production of much higher concentrations of acid (e.g., HCl or H2SO4) than standard anion membranes. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eAcid Concentration and Recovery\u003c\/strong\u003e: The FAB series is highly effective in processes designed to concentrate acidic solutions. Because of its high proton-blocking capability, it ensures that the acid remains on one side of the membrane while other ions are transported. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eNon-Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: Due to the stable polyaromatic backbone and PEEK reinforcement, the FAB-PK-130 is often cited as a candidate for organic redox flow batteries using solvents like acetonitrile. The reinforcement prevents the membrane from excessive swelling or \"gelation\" when exposed to organic electrolytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100.036%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEAEMFABPK75\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEAEMFABPK130\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Name\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFAB-PK-75\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFAB-PK-130\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~75 μm (60–90 range)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~130 μm (110–150 range)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforcement\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYes (PEEK Mesh)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eYes (PEEK Mesh)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBacking Foil\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNone\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDelivery Form\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDry (Br-)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDry (Br-)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003e Area Resistance (Cl-, Ω·cm²)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026lt; 4.0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-9\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSelectivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;92%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e93-98%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;40\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e40-80\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpecific Conductivity (mS\/cm)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~3.3\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~2.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Exchange Capacity (IEC)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~1.2 – 1.4 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~0.8 – 1.1 meq\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Cases\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrodialysis with Bipolar Membranes (EDBM); Acid Concentration\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEDBM Acid Production; Wastewater Treatment; Organic Flow Batteries\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.6997%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.7785%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.9464%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eProper activation is essential to transition the membrane from its stable shipping form to its active operational state.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eShipping Form\u003c\/strong\u003e: Delivered dry in the Bromide (Br-) form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActivation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Soak the membrane in 0.5 M NaCl at 25°C for 72 hours, exchanging the solution several times. This hydrates the polymer and converts it to the Chloride (Cl-) form.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDimensional Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because it is reinforced with a PK mesh, it has excellent dimensional stability (\u0026lt; 2% swelling in water). However, once hydrated, never let it dry out. Shrinkage can cause micro-cracks in the polymer resin around the rigid reinforcement fibers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCutting\u003c\/strong\u003e: Always use a new, sharp blade and wear protective gloves to avoid micro-punctures or scratches that cause internal leaks.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsapm.5c00148\"\u003eM. F. Rochow, et al., Methodology for Selecting Anion and Cation Exchange Membranes Based on Salt Transport Properties for Bipolar Membrane Fabrication, ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. 2025, 7, 9, 5456–5464\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360319920342440\"\u003eS. Changkhamchom, et al., Anion exchange membranes composed of quaternized polybenzimidazole and quaternized graphene oxide for glucose fuel cell, I. J. International Hydrogen, 2021, 46, 5642-5652\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"CLKXZ","offers":[{"title":"FAB-PK-75","offer_id":47377023926502,"sku":"CFBEAEMFABPK75","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"FAB-PK-130","offer_id":47377023959270,"sku":"CFBEAEMFABPK130","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEAEMFAB_main.png?v=1771809914"},{"product_id":"cco2rrzbfbeaedtmpa","title":"EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine Tetramethylenephosphonic Acid, \u003e98%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR) and Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery, CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), EDTMPA (Ethylenediamine tetra(methylene phosphonic acid)) is a multi-functional electrolyte additive used primarily as a metal ion sequestrant, surface modifier, and HER (Hydrogen Evolution Reaction) suppressor.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSequestration of Impurity Ions\u003c\/strong\u003e: The most critical role of EDTMPA is protecting the catalyst from poisoning. Even high-purity aqueous electrolytes (KHCO3) often contain trace amounts of transition metal ions (like Fe2+, Zn2+, or Pb2+). During long-term electrolysis, these ions deposit onto the cathode surface. EDTMPA is a powerful chelating agent that binds to these trace metal impurities in the bulk electrolyte, preventing them from electrodepositing onto the active catalyst. This is essential for maintaining the selectivity of Copper or Silver catalysts over long periods. \u003cstrong\u003eSuppression of the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER)\u003c\/strong\u003e: EDTMPA helps steer the reaction away from water splitting and toward CO2 conversion. The large, negatively charged EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the electrode surface. This creates a \"steric barrier\" that hinders the approach of water molecules to the active sites.  By limiting the availability of protons (H+) at the surface, EDTMPA effectively suppresses the HER, thereby increasing the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for CO2 reduction products.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhile for zinc-bromide flow battery, EDTMPA can be mainly used to \u003cstrong\u003econtrol zinc morphology and prevent dendrite growth\u003c\/strong\u003e, which are the leading causes of short-circuiting and capacity fade in these systems. Zinc tends to deposit unevenly, forming needle-like \"dendrites\" that can puncture the membrane. EDTMPA molecules adsorb onto the high-energy sites (the \"tips\") of growing zinc crystals. This creates a local barrier that forces the zinc ions (Zn2+) to deposit on flatter, lower-energy areas instead. This results in a smooth, dense, and uniform zinc plating layer rather than a porous or \"mossy\" structure, significantly extending the cycle life of the battery. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChelating and Complexing Zn2+\u003c\/strong\u003e. The four phosphonic acid groups in EDTMPA provide strong binding sites for zinc ions. EDTMPA forms stable complexes with Zn2+ in the aqueous electrolyte. This effectively \"regulates\" the concentration of free zinc ions available at the electrode surface during charging. By controlling the rate of ion delivery to the cathode, EDTMPA helps prevent the local ion depletion that usually triggers unstable, non-planar growth.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAEDTMPA (C-CO2RR-EA-EDTMPA)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1429-50-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC6H20N2O12P4\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAEDTMPA_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771907290\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e436.12\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eStabilizes Cu+ species and promote the formation of multicarbon (C2) products like ethylene by preserving oxide-derived surface features.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses HER and Enhances the FE for Carbon Monoxide (CO), especially at low overpotentials where impurities usually dominate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA on Bi\/Sn Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBuffers local pH and Helps maintain the high local pH required to stabilize Formate intermediates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eEDTMPA for Zinc-Br Flow Battery\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. Prevents short-circuits, allowing for thousands of charge\/discharge cycles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. Slightly increases overpotential, but results in a more stable discharge voltage profile.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. Protects the zinc anode from self-discharge (corrosion) during standby periods.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e25 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41467-022-30819-1\"\u003eZ. Han, et al., Steering surface reconstruction of copper with electrolyte additives for CO2 electroreduction, Nature Communications, 2022, 13, 3158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/anie.202418669\"\u003eW. Xia, et al., Multidentate Chelating Ligands Enable High-Performance Zinc-Bromine Flow Batteries, Angew Chem Int. Ed., 2025, 64, e202418669\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379602407654,"sku":"CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RRZBFBEAEDTMPA_main.png?v=1771908858"},{"product_id":"cfbefcrcemg","title":"Reinforced Cation-Exchange Membrane (Gore, M series) for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCRCEMG","description":"\u003cp\u003eW. L. Gore \u0026amp; Associates is a pioneer in reinforced cation exchange membranes (CEMs), specifically their GORE-SELECT® product line. While \"Nafion\" is often the household name for these materials, Gore revolutionized the field by introducing ePTFE (expanded polytetrafluoroethylene) reinforcement, which allows for much thinner membranes without sacrificing mechanical strength.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional CEMs (like standard Nafion 117) are thick, homogenous sheets of ionomer. Gore’s approach uses a \"scaffold\" technique: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Reinforcement\u003c\/strong\u003e: A microporous ePTFE skeleton provides high mechanical strength and dimensional stability. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Ionomer\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-conductivity perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) fills the pores of the skeleton. The ultrathin membrane thickness as low as 5–15um significantly reduces ohmic resistance, leading to much higher power densities. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGore is the market leader for automotive fuel cell membranes. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAutomotive\/Heavy Duty\u003c\/strong\u003e: The M775.15 and M765.08 series are optimized for passenger and commercial vehicles. They handle the rapid \"wet-dry\" cycling of automotive use better than non-reinforced membranes, which tend to crack under the mechanical stress of swelling and shrinking. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDry Performance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Their thinness allows for better back-diffusion of water from the cathode to the anode, enabling the fuel cell to operate at lower relative humidity (RH) levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGore recently expanded its focus to large-scale hydrogen production with the GORE® PEM for Water Electrolysis. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eEfficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: By reducing membrane thickness while maintaining gas crossover safety (keeping H2 out of the O2 stream), these membranes can improve voltage efficiency by roughly 5% over thicker industry standards. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eIntermittent Loading\u003c\/strong\u003e: Designed to handle the fluctuating power input from renewable sources (wind\/solar) without mechanical failure.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e \u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM765.08\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM788.12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM820.15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eM735.18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eMembrane Color \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eTransparent\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBlack\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBlack\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eThickness (um)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e8\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e12\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e15\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e18\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eProton Resistance (mohm*cm2)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;120\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;80\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;150\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eHydrogen Permittivity (mA\/cm2\/MPa) \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e40\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e30\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e20\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), MD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e91\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e71\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e38\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e50\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eTensile Strength (MPa), TD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e96\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e76\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e39\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e52\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eVolume Expansion Rate (%)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u0026lt;5\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eReinforce\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (ePTFE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (ePTFE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (ePTFE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eYes (ePTFE)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eKey Characteristics\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eUltra-thin for max power density; designed for dry operation.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eA \"secret weapon\" for balancing cost, performance, and durability.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eHigh mechanical durability for longer life cycles.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\"Extreme duty\" thickness for harsh environments and research.\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eApplication Note\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003ePassenger Vehicles (FCEV)\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eAutomotive \/ Heavy-Duty\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eBackup Power \/ Range Extenders\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003eExtreme Duty \/ Aerospace\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cspan\u003e10cm * 10cm\/pcs\/pack\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eUse Note\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Selected Critias based on application conditions: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need max efficiency\/compactness: Choose M765.08.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are building a standard automotive stack: Choose M788.12.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIf you need 20,000+ hours of operation: Choose M820.15 or M735.18.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) No chemical pre-teatment is needed. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) These membranes (especially \u003cb data-index-in-node=\"36\" data-path-to-node=\"13\"\u003eM765.08\u003c\/b\u003e) are essentially \"gossamer thin,\" handling is the most critical part of the \"treatment.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"14\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"14,0,0\"\u003eBacker Removal:\u003c\/b\u003e Gore membranes often come with a protective polymer backer (usually PET or PEN).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1,0,0\"\u003eDo \u003cb data-index-in-node=\"3\" data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1,0,0\"\u003enot\u003c\/b\u003e remove the backer until the last possible second.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"14,0,1,1,0\"\u003eIf you are direct-coating catalyst ink (Slot-die or Spray), the backer provides the necessary tension to keep the membrane flat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"\u003eStatic Control:\u003c\/b\u003e These films are highly prone to static electricity, which attracts dust. Use \u003cb data-index-in-node=\"93\" data-path-to-node=\"14,1,0\"\u003eionizing air blowers\u003c\/b\u003e in your assembly area to keep the surface pristine.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"14,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-index-in-node=\"0\" data-path-to-node=\"14,2,0\"\u003eTensioning:\u003c\/b\u003e When moving a membrane like the \u003cb data-index-in-node=\"44\" data-path-to-node=\"14,2,0\"\u003eM788.12\u003c\/b\u003e into a coating frame, it must be held under uniform tension. If the membrane is \"loose,\" the solvent in your catalyst ink will cause localized swelling, leading to \"mud-cracking\" in your catalyst layer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) For Gore membranes, the primary \"treatment\" happens inside the cell after assembly. This is known as the \u003cstrong\u003eBreak-in or Activation Protocol\u003c\/strong\u003e. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eInitial Hydration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Once the stack is assembled, it is operated at high humidity (100 %RH) and low current to fully hydrate the ionomer channels within the ePTFE scaffold. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eVoltage Cycling\u003c\/strong\u003e: Most protocols for M765 and M788 involve cycling the voltage between 0.6V and 0.9V. This \"pumps\" water through the membrane, ensuring all sulfonic acid sites are connected by a continuous water network. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eTimeframe\u003c\/strong\u003e: Modern GORE-SELECT® membranes are designed for \"Rapid Conditioning,\" often reaching 95% of their peak performance within 2–4 hours of operation, compared to 24+ hours for older technologies.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"SEN","offers":[{"title":"M765.08","offer_id":47402564223206,"sku":"CFBEFCRCEMGM765","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M788.12","offer_id":47402564255974,"sku":"CFBEFCRCEMGM788","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M820.15","offer_id":47402564288742,"sku":"CFBEFCRCEMGM820","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"M735.18","offer_id":47402564321510,"sku":"CFBEFCRCEMGM735","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCRCEMG_main.png?v=1772390138"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/CZXRFBDTCSFC_04.png?v=1770139991","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/redox-flow-battery.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}