{"title":"SOEC \u0026 SOFC","description":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSolid-oxide and protonic-ceramic stacks live or die at the ceramic interfaces — pick the electrolyte first, then the matched fuel- and air-side electrodes, then the cell architecture that fits your test rig.\u003c\/strong\u003e This section gathers the materials and hardware we stock for SOFC, SOEC, PCFC, and PCEC research, organized so you can move from powder selection through to a button cell or planar cell ready for sealing and current collection.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eBrowse by the layer you are designing or buying:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrolytes-for-soec-sofc\"\u003eElectrolytes for SOEC \u0026amp; SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e — proton-conducting perovskites (BZCY \/ BZCYYb) for sub-700 C operation, plus the fluorite-structured oxide-ion conductors (YSZ, ScSZ, GDC, SDC) and the LSGM perovskite oxide-ion family for intermediate- and high-temperature stacks.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/anodes-cathodes-for-soec-sofc\"\u003eAnodes \u0026amp; Cathodes for SOEC \u0026amp; SOFC\u003c\/a\u003e — Ni-cermet fuel-side materials (NiO\/8YSZ supports, NiO slurries, YSZ) and strontium-doped cobaltite air-side perovskites such as LSC, with adjacent PEM, AEM, and alkaline catalysts (IrOx, RuOx, Pt\/C, Ni\/C, Ru\/C, CoFeOx) for the broader electrolyzer bench.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrodes-cells\"\u003eElectrodes \u0026amp; Cells\u003c\/a\u003e — electrolyte-supported (LSM \/ LSM-GDC on SSZ; Ni-GDC \/ Ni-YSZ) and anode-supported half-cells and full cells with thin YSZ and a GDC buffer, offered as 20 mm and 25 mm button cells and 5 cm x 5 cm planar cells.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"\/collections\/testing-cells-for-ion-separation\"\u003eTesting Cells\u003c\/a\u003e — benchtop fixtures for membrane-transport studies (FCDI, integrated reactive CO2 capture, porous solid-electrolyte reactors, optically accessible flow electrolyzers) for groups whose solid-oxide work touches ion-separation diagnostics.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\n\u003cp\u003eIf you are starting a new SOFC or SOEC build, lock in the electrolyte chemistry first, then choose matched electrodes; if you already have a chemistry and need cells to test, jump to \u003ca href=\"\/collections\/electrodes-cells\"\u003eElectrodes \u0026amp; Cells\u003c\/a\u003e. For adjacent low-temperature platforms, see electrolyzers and fuel cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n","products":[{"product_id":"cbefcsfs","title":"Silver (Ag) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 50mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCSFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver (Ag) foil is the ultimate high-performance current collector, used when the absolute lowest electrical resistance is required. While standard commercial batteries use copper or aluminum. Its superior conductivity and efficiency make it suitable for anode-free battery, SOFC, and special electrolyzer. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eanode-free batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e, silver foil acts as lithiophilic since it helps \"wet\" lithium, ensuring smooth, dendrite-free plating.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver foil is used as cathode current collector since it remains conductive even if a thin oxide layer forms (silver oxide is conductive).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003especial electrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver foil is more like to be used for uniform and high current distribution and it resists chemical attack in specific alkaline environments where copper would corrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCSFS (C-BEFC-SFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.05mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) T 0.10mm * W 50mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSR","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332148966,"sku":"CBEFCSFST001","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.05mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332181734,"sku":"CBEFCSFST005","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 50mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240332214502,"sku":"CBEFCSFST010","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSFS.png?v=1767306656"},{"product_id":"cfbefcwsms","title":"Woven Silver (Ag) Mesh Sheet for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCWSMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eSilver (Ag) mesh is a premium current collector used primarily in flow battery, electrolyzer, and fuel cell due to its ultra-low electrical resistance and high-temperature stability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eflow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, silver mesh acts as a \"flow-through\" current collector. Its mesh structure allows electrolytes or gases to pass through while providing a continuous metallic path for electrons. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, silver mesh is a standard material for SOFC cathode current collection at intermediate temperatures (400-800 °C) because it remains conductive and stable in oxygen-rich environments where other metals would oxidize.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e field, silver mesh can be used as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL), helping to distribute current evenly across the catalyst layer while allowing gas bubbles (oxygen\/hydrogen) to escape through the holes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCWSMS (C-FBEFC-WSMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Mesh 50, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Mesh 100, T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HYJSS","offers":[{"title":"Mesh 50 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471380198,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM50","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mesh 100 (T 0.09mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240471445734,"sku":"CFBEFCWSMSM100","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCWSMS.png?v=1767315066"},{"product_id":"cbefcwmms","title":"Woven Molybdenum (Mo) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100-200, T 0.14 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWMMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMolybdenum (Mo) mesh is a high-performance, 3D porous current collector used in electrochemical systems that require a combination of high-temperature stability, chemical resistance, and fluid permeability\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, Mo mesh is a preferred current collector for high-temperature thermal batteries and molten salt batteries. Molybdenum's melting point of 2,623°C ensures it won't soften or deform under extreme heat. It is also used in Aluminum-ion batteries because it resists corrosion from aggressive ionic liquid electrolytes. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, Mo mesh acts as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL). It provides a robust structural support for catalysts and allows for the rapid detachment of gas bubbles, which prevents the \"masking\" effect that can increase electrical resistance.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003esolid-oxide\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e field, Mo mesh is used as a current distributor. It is valued for its low coefficient of thermal expansion, which matches well with ceramic components, preventing the stack from cracking during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 172px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWMMS (C-BEFC-WMMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Mesh 100, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Mesh 200, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Mesh 100 (T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240601141478,"sku":"CBEFCWMMSM100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Mesh 200 (T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm)","offer_id":47240601174246,"sku":"CBEFCWMMSM200","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWMMS.png?v=1767319389"},{"product_id":"cbefcwtms","title":"Woven Tungsten (W) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 0.14 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWTMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTungsten (W) mesh is a high-performance, 3D porous current collector used in electrochemical systems that require a combination of high-temperature stability, chemical resistance, and fluid permeability. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, W mesh is used because it is one of the few materials that remains electrochemically stable in acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (eg: AlCl3\/[EMIM]Cl). The mesh allows the thick, viscous electrolyte to penetrate the electrode completely.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, especially in steam electrolysis or molten salt systems operating above 800°C, tungsten mesh provides the necessary surface area for water splitting while maintaining mechanical rigidity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, the tungsten mesh acts as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) in specialized fuel cells using highly aggressive chemical fuels that would corrode nickel or stainless steel meshes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 105.6px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWTMS (C-BEFC-WTMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 34.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.14mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions with various mesh sizes can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47240632762598,"sku":"CBEFCWTMS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWTMS.png?v=1767320913"},{"product_id":"cbefcmfs","title":"Molybdenum (Mo) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCMFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMolybdenum (Mo) foil is a high-performance material used as a current collector, catalyst substrate, or protective layer in electrochemical systems that face extreme heat or aggressive chemical environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, especially for aluminum-ion and sodium-ion batteries, Mo foil s a preferred current collector because it is highly resistant to the aggressive acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (like AlCl3) that dissolve copper or stainless steel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ewater\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, molybdenum foil is often used as a substrate for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. It is chemically stable in both acidic and alkaline media, making it a durable platform for sustainable hydrogen production.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003esolid-oxide\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e field, Mo foil is used for current collection and interconnects because its Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) matches well with ceramic components, preventing the cell from cracking during high-temperature cycles (\u0026gt;600 °C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 130.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCMFS (C-BEFC-MFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 59.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"QYJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240880881894,"sku":"CBEFCMFST001","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240941043942,"sku":"CBEFCMFST010","price":29.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCSFS_02.png?v=1767307156"},{"product_id":"cbefctfs","title":"Tungsten (W) Foil Sheet (T 0.05-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTungsten (W) foil is a high-performance refractory material used in electrochemical systems that operate under extreme temperature and aggressive acidity conditions. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tungsten foil is one of the few metals that is electrochemically inert in the highly corrosive acidic ionic liquid electrolytes (such as AlCl3) used in aluminum-ion batteries. As for anode-free battery, tungsten foil is used as negative current collector since it does not readily alloy with lithium. This allows researchers to study lithium plating and stripping on a \"pure\" non-reactive surface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, W foil is a robust catalyst substrate for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Its ability to withstand both acidic and alkaline environments makes it a durable platform for water-splitting technology.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature molten salt electrochemistry \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, tungsten foil is used in thermal batteries where temperatures reach levels that would cause molybdenum or nickel to soften.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 197.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTFS (C-BEFC-TFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"RDJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.05mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240955494630,"sku":"CBEFCTFST005","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47240955527398,"sku":"CBEFCTFST010","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTFS.png?v=1767339392"},{"product_id":"cbefctafs","title":"Tantalum (Ta) Foil Sheet (T 0.01-0.1 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCTAFS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTantalum (Ta) foil is considered the \"ultimate\" corrosion-resistant metal for electrochemical systems. While it shares many properties with titanium and molybdenum, it surpasses them in stability, particularly in high-temperature acidic environments (above 100°C) where even noble metals like platinum can struggle. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tantalum foil current collectors enable the study of batteries using imide salts (like LiTFSI) without the need for fluorine-based additives. Unlike aluminum, tantalum resists anodic dissolution at high voltages in these specific chemistries.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, tantalum foil is arguably the only material with sufficient corrosion resistance for High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (HT-PEM) electrolyzers using phosphoric acid at temperatures above 130°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, tantalum foil (or Ta-nitride coatings) acts as a \"shield\" for stainless steel bipolar plates, maintaining ultra-low interfacial contact resistance even after long-term exposure to acidic membranes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 197.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCTAFS (C-BEFC-TAFS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 126.4px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"BRJS","offers":[{"title":"T 0.01mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47241026863334,"sku":"CBEFCTAFST001","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"T 0.10mm * W 100mm * L 100mm","offer_id":47241049112806,"sku":"CBEFCTAFST010","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCTAFS.png?v=1767341262"},{"product_id":"cbefcwtams","title":"Woven Tantalum (Ta) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 35, T 0.2 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWTAMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eTantalum (Ta) mesh is the premier choice for extreme electrochemical environments, particularly where high temperatures (up to 200°C) and aggressive acids (like sulfuric or phosphoric acid) are present.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003ebattery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, Ta mesh acts as current collector in high temperature aluminum-ion batteries since it is stable in aggressive molten salts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003ehigh temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e system, tantalum mesh is arguably the only metal that can survive the harsh environment of High-Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (HT-PEM) electrolyzers. It remains stable in 85% phosphoric acid at 130°C, conditions that would instantly dissolve most other current collectors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, the tantalum mesh is used to distribute reactant gases while collecting current at temperatures up to 275°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 81.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWTAMS (C-BEFC-WTAMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e99.99%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 35, T 0.2mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eWire Diameter\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.15 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMesh Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.60 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"HYJSS","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241072935142,"sku":"CBEFCWTAMS","price":159.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWTAMS.png?v=1767343699"},{"product_id":"cfbefcwhms","title":"Woven Hastelloy C-276 Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 0.25 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Flow Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CFBEFCWHMS","description":"\u003cp\u003eHastelloy C-276 is a high-performance nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy often used as a current collector or structural component when standard metals like copper or stainless steel would dissolve. It is specifically chosen for electrochemical systems that combine high voltage with extreme acidity or chloride-rich environments.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In \u003cstrong\u003eredox flow battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, it is used as a bipolar plate substrate or current collector behind graphite felt. It resists the aggressive vanadium or iron-chrome electrolytes that can penetrate cheaper metal plates.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, hastelloy C-276 is a critical material for PEM electrolyzers. It survives the highly acidic environment (H2SO4 or HCl) at the anode side where water splitting occurs, specifically in high-pressure or high-temperature designs. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, C-276 prevents \"metal leaching\" that would otherwise poison the catalyst and kill the cell's efficiency.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCFBEFCWHMS (C-FBEFC-WHMS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241193717990,"sku":"CFBEFCWHMS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CFBEFCWHMS.png?v=1767348430"},{"product_id":"cbefcwm400ms","title":"Woven Monel400 (Ni-Cu Alloy) Mesh Sheet (Mesh 100, T 00.25 mm * W 100mm * L 100mm) for Battery, Electrolyzer, and Fuel Cell, CBEFCWM400MS","description":"\u003cp\u003eMonel400 (Ni-Cu Alloy) is a high-performance material used in electrochemical systems that require extreme resistance to saltwater, hydrofluoric acid, and concentrated alkalis.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) In\u003cstrong\u003e battery\u003c\/strong\u003e system, its high fatigue strength and resistance to internal pressure make it ideal for battery cells (eg: NiCd, NiMH) that undergo significant thermal or mechanical stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) In \u003cstrong\u003eelectrolyzer\u003c\/strong\u003e application field, Monel mesh serves as a Porous Transport Layer (PTL) or electrode substrate. It resists corrosion in KOH electrolytes and is particularly valued in marine-based electrolyzers where seawater or salt spray might compromise standard nickel or stainless steel.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) In \u003cstrong\u003efuel cell \u003c\/strong\u003esystem, it acts as a Gas Diffusion Layer (GDL) or current distributor. Research into metallic bipolar plates highlights Monel 400 for its ability to maintain low interfacial contact resistance (ICR) without the need for expensive gold or platinum coatings.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBEFCWM400MS (C-BEFC-WM400MS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSheet Dimension\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMesh 100, T 0.25mm * W 100mm * L 100mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eOther sheet dimensions can also be supplied upon request. \u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"KSJAJ","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47241770041574,"sku":"CBEFCWM400MS","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBEFCWM400MS.png?v=1767377049"},{"product_id":"csofecepnio","title":"Nickel Oxide (NiO, \u003e99.9%) Powder as Electrode Precursor for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPNiO","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), Nickel Oxide (NiO) powder is the fundamental precursor for the \"hydrogen electrode.\" While NiO is a ceramic insulator, it is reduced in situ to metallic Nickel (Ni) during the first heating cycle, transforming into the primary catalyst for either splitting water (SOEC) or oxidizing hydrogen (SOFC).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe behavior of the Ni phase derived from NiO changes depending on the mode of operation: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSOFC Mode (Fuel Cell)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Catalysis: Acts as a catalyst for H2 oxidation and internal reforming of hydrocarbons (like CH4). Conductivity: Provides a continuous metallic path for electron transport to the current collector. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSOEC Mode (Electrolysis)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Water Splitting: Catalyzes the reduction of steam or CO2. Coking Resistance: In CO-electrolysis, the morphology of the Ni (determined by the original NiO particle size) is critical to prevent carbon fibers from \"lifting\" the Ni particles and destroying the electrode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPNiO (C-SOEFC-EP-NiO)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1313-99-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e74.71 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.9%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGreen or dark green color powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eNiO Powder Sizes\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Average micro-size: ~10 um. BET: ~1 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) Average nano-size: ~30 nm. BET: ~5 m2\/g\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (kilogram grade can also be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eReferences:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.202100072\"\u003eM. B. Mogensen, et al., Ni migration in solid oxide cell electrodes: Review and revised hypothesis, Fuel Cells, 2021, 21, 415-429\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HZJS","offers":[{"title":"Micro-Size (1 um) 100 g","offer_id":47454760599782,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiOM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size (1 um) 500 g","offer_id":47454892425446,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiOM500","price":129.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size (20 nm) 100 g","offer_id":47454760632550,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiON100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size (20 nm) 500 g","offer_id":47454892458214,"sku":"CSOFECEPNiON500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPNiO_02.png?v=1773600797"},{"product_id":"csofecepeysz","title":"YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) Powder as Electrode Precursor and Electrolyte for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500\/bottle, CSOFECEPEYSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) is the fundamental electrolyte material. It serves as the \"oxygen ion highway,\" allowing O^{2-} ions to pass between electrodes while acting as a total insulator for electrons.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe dual roles of YSZ in SOFC\/SOEC applications. (1) As an electrolyte, the powder must be processed into a gas-tight membrane. YSZ works via \"vacancy hopping.\" Y^{3+} ions create empty spaces in the crystal lattice that O^{2-} ions \"jump\" into. Moreover, high-purity YSZ prevents internal short-circuits. (2) YSZ powder is mixed with NiO (for the anode) or LSM\/LSCF (for the cathode) to create a composite.By mixing YSZ into the electrode, the reaction zone (Triple Phase Boundary) is pushed deeper into the electrode volume rather than being stuck at the electrolyte interface. Moreover, YSZ keeps the electrodes from peeling off (delaminating) because it matches the expansion of the electrolyte layer.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPEYSZ (C-SOEFC-EPE-YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e114168-16-0\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Y2O3)x(ZrO2)1-x (x= 0.03, 0.05, and 0.08)\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_04_240x240.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Mass\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~349.03 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMicro-Size: 2-4 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNano-Size: 10-15 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eeg: 8YSZ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_03_160x160.png?v=1773609971\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eYSZ Powder Types\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 72.312px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(2) Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2 um)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(4) Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(5) Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e(6) Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm)\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZKTPXC","offers":[{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840127718,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 3YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974312678,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454840160486,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM100","price":39.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 5YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974345446,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZM500","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 100g","offer_id":47454974378214,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Micro-Size 8YSZ (1-2um) 500g","offer_id":47454974410982,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZM500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974902502,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 3YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454974935270,"sku":"CSOFECEPE3YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454974968038,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 5YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975000806,"sku":"CSOFECEPE5YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 100g","offer_id":47454975033574,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN100","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Nano-Size 8YSZ (200-500 nm) 500g","offer_id":47454975066342,"sku":"CSOFECEPE8YSZN500","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPEYSZ_main.png?v=1773606539"},{"product_id":"csofeccenio8ysz","title":"NiO\/8YSZ Composite Powder as Cermet Electrode for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCENiO8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the architecture of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), NiO\/8YSZ composite powder is the industry-standard material for the hydrogen electrode. By pre-mixing Nickel Oxide (NiO) with 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ), manufacturers create a cermet (ceramic-metal composite) that balances catalytic activity, ionic conductivity, and mechanical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter the initial heating of the cell, a reduction step converts the NiO into metallic Nickel (Ni). The resulting composite serves three critical functions: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eNickel (Ni) Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides electronic conductivity and acts as the catalyst for hydrogen oxidation (H2 → 2H+ + 2e- in SOFC mode) or steam reduction (H2O + 2e- → H2 + O^(2-) in SOEC mode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003e8YSZ Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides a path for oxygen ions (O^{2-}) and creates a rigid ceramic backbone. This \"skeleton\" prevents the nickel particles from sintering (clumping) at high operating temperatures (700-900 °C). (3) \u003cstrong\u003ePorosity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The reduction of NiO to Ni involves a volume shrinkage of ~40%, which naturally generates the interconnected pores necessary for gas transport.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECCENiO8YSZ (C-SOEFC-CE-NiO8YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Formula 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 44.3 vol% NiO + 55.7 vol% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Formula 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 66 wt% NiO +34 wt% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 50.7 vol% NiO + 49.3 vol% \u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1-4 m2\/g for formula 1\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g for formula 2\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eHari Prasad Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-72\u003c\/a\u003e8.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"NiO:8YSZ = 60 wt% : 40 wt%","offer_id":47455058559206,"sku":"CSOFECCENiO8YSZ6040","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"NiO:8YSZ = 66 wt% : 34 wt%","offer_id":47455058591974,"sku":"CSOFECCENiO8YSZ6634","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCENiO8YSZ_02.png?v=1773618019"},{"product_id":"citsofecceniogdc","title":"NiO\/GDC (Gadolinia-Doped Ceria) Composite Powder as Cermet Electrode for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECCENiOGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) applications, NiO\/GDC (Gadolinia-Doped Ceria) composite powder is the primary choice for Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation, typically between 500°C and 700°C.While NiO\/YSZ is the \"gold standard\" for high-temperature cells (\u0026gt;800°C$), GDC is preferred for lower temperatures because its ionic conductivity at 600°C is comparable to that of YSZ at 800°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe switch from YSZ to GDC in the nickel cermet provides several electrochemical and chemical benefits: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eMixed Ionic-Electronic Conductivity (MIEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike YSZ, which is a pure ionic conductor, GDC becomes a mixed conductor in the reducing environment of the anode. This allows the electrochemical reaction to occur on the entire surface of the GDC grains, rather than being restricted to the narrow Triple Phase Boundary (TPB) where Ni, YSZ, and gas meet. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCoking \u0026amp; Sulfur Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC has a higher \"oxygen storage capacity.\" This allows it to chemically \"burn off\" carbon deposits (coke) and resist sulfur poisoning much more effectively than YSZ, making it ideal for running on hydrocarbons (methane, ethanol) or biogas. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHigher Catalytic Activity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ni-GDC exhibits faster charge-transfer kinetics, which significantly reduces the activation polarization (voltage loss) at lower temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECCENiOGDC (C-ITSOEFC-CE-NiOGDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eInitial: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003cspan\u003eGd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2-x\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAfter Reduction: 48.9 vol% NiO + 51.1 vol% \u003cspan\u003eGd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2-x\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eBET Surface Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g, or higher can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47455110627558,"sku":"CITSOFECCENiOGDC","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECCENiOGDC_main.png?v=1773619407"},{"product_id":"csofeceplsm","title":"LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) is the most well-characterized and established cathode (or oxygen electrode) material. While newer \"MIEC\" materials like LSCF are favored for lower temperatures, LSM remains the industry benchmark for high-temperature operations (\u0026gt;750 °C) due to its exceptional chemical compatibility with Zirconia-based electrolytes and its proven long-term structural stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSM is a perovskite oxide with the general formula La{1-x}SrxMnO3. Its performance is defined by its high electronic conductivity but relatively low ionic conductivity. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eOperating Window\u003c\/strong\u003e: Best suited for 750 °C to 1000 °C. At temperatures below 700 °C, the kinetics of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) become too sluggish for pure LSM. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCompatibility\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSM has a Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) that matches YSZ (~10-11 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}) almost perfectly, preventing delamination during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eA-Site Deficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: Professional grade LSM powder is often prepared with a \"slight A-site deficiency\" (e.g., (La,Sr){0.95}MnO3). This prevents the formation of insulating secondary phases like La2Zr2O7 at the electrolyte interface during high-temperature sintering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSM (C-SOFEC-EP-LSM)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e66402-68-4\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.75\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.25\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003eOther chemical formulas with customized ratios, such as \u003cspan\u003e(La\u003c\/span\u003e0.80\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e0.20\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e0.95\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e3-δ, can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-2.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_02_160x160.png?v=1773628361\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥150S\/m@600℃～800℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_04_160x160.png?v=1773628361\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775309000172\"\u003eM. Liang, et al., Preparation of LSM–YSZ composite powder for anode of solid oxide electrolysis cell and its activation mechanism, J. Power Sources, 2009, 190, 341-345\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.2345583\/meta\"\u003eW. Wang, et al., A Comparison of LSM, LSF, and LSCo for Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Anodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2006, 153, A2066\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eH\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/aenm.202405599\"\u003e. Turk, et al., Boon and Bane of Local Solid State Chemistry on the Performance of LSM-Based Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells, Adv. Energy Mater., 2025, 15, 2405599\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47455465013478,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSM100","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":47455465046246,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSM500","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSM_main.png?v=1773628209"},{"product_id":"csofeceplscf","title":"LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSCF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) is the primary material for the \"Intermediate Temperature\" oxygen electrode. Typically formulated as La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-\u003cspan\u003eδ\u003c\/span\u003e, it is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe behavior of LSCF varies based on the current direction, making it a \"reversible\" electrode material: (1)\u003cstrong\u003e SOFC Mode (Fuel Cell)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as the cathode, facilitating the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR). Because LSCF is an MIEC, the reaction area extends across the entire surface of the electrode grains, allowing for much higher power densities at lower temperatures compared to LSM. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSOEC Mode (Electrolysis)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It acts as the anode, facilitating the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER). LSCF is highly efficient for electrolysis but faces greater mechanical stress in this mode due to high local oxygen partial pressures (pO2) at the electrode\/electrolyte interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSCF (C-SOFEC-EP-LSCF)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Stoichiometric LSCF: La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003csub\u003eOther chemical formulas with customized ratios can be supplied upon request. \u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Defective LSCF: (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003csub\u003eA Site with defects or vacancies are good for cell performance and stability.\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773630433\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u0026gt;200S\/cm@600℃～800℃\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_04_Conductivity_160x160.png?v=1773630433\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273814000046\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al., Stability of LSCF electrode with GDC interlayer in YSZ-based solid oxide electrolysis cell, Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262, 303-306\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3555122\/meta\"\u003eE. N. Armstrong, et al., Determination of Surface Exchange Coefficients of LSM, LSCF, YSZ, GDC Constituent Materials in Composite SOFC Cathodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, B492\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0741902jes\/meta\"\u003eV. Vibhu, et al., High Performance LSC Infiltrated LSCF Oxygen Electrode for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Application, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, F102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Stoichiometric LSCF 100 g","offer_id":47455469666534,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFS100","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Stoichiometric LSCF 500 g","offer_id":47455469699302,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFS500","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Defective LSCF 100 g","offer_id":47455612764390,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCFD100","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSCF_main.png?v=1773630433"},{"product_id":"csofeceplsc","title":"LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLSC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) is a high-performance perovskite material—typically La0.6Sr0.4CoO3-δ or La0.8Sr0.2CoO3-δ. While LSCF (the Iron-doped version) is the standard for intermediate-temperature cathodes, LSC is used when maximum electrical conductivity and high catalytic activity are required, often as a contact layer or in high-performance \"thin-film\" cells.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn SOFC\/SOEC stacks, the most common use for LSC powder is as a \"Contact Paste\" or \"Current Collection Layer.\" (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBond\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSC is applied between the main cathode (like LSCF or LSM) and the metallic interconnect (stainless steel plate). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because LSC is nearly 5\\times more conductive than LSCF, it minimizes the ohmic losses at the interface where current must travel from the cell into the stack manifold. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLow-Temp Sintering\u003c\/strong\u003e: LSC can be sintered as low as 800 °C, which allows it to form a strong electrical bond without damaging the pre-sintered cell or causing excessive chromium evaporation from the interconnects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLSC (C-SOFEC-EP-LSC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Stoichiometric LSC: La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Defective LSC: (La\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCoO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003csub\u003eA Site with defects or vacancies are good for cell performance and stability.\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.4-0.8 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-10 m2\/g for stoichiometric LSC \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e13-16 m2\/g for defective LSC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3288835\/meta\"\u003eV.Inder, et al., Degradation Mechanism in La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 as Contact Layer on the Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cell Anode, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2010, 157, B441\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2211285518305767\"\u003eK. Develos-Bagarinao, et al., Multilayered LSC and GDC: An approach for designing cathode materials with superior oxygen exchange properties for solid oxide fuel cells, Nano Energy, 2018, 52, 369-380\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Stoichiometric LSC","offer_id":47455614337254,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCS","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Defective LSC","offer_id":47455614370022,"sku":"CSOFECEPLSCD","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLSC_main.png?v=1773635948"},{"product_id":"citsofecceplscfgdc","title":"LSCF\/GDC Composite Electrode Powder for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the architecture of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSCF\/GDC composite powder is the industry-standard material for the \"Intermediate Temperature\" oxygen electrode. By combining Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite (LSCF) with Gadolinium-Doped Ceria (GDC), researchers create a high-performance electrode optimized for operation between 550°C and 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC), meaning it can transport both electrons and oxygen ions through its crystal lattice. However, it is almost always mixed with GDC to form a composite for several critical reasons: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eExpanded Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: While pure LSCF is an MIEC, adding GDC (a superior ionic conductor) creates a 3D network of \"ionic highways.\" This significantly increases the density of active sites where oxygen is reduced or evolved. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure LSCF has a higher thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) than common electrolytes like YSZ. Adding GDC—which has a lower TEC—helps \"bridge the gap,\" preventing the electrode from delaminating or cracking during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eAdhesion\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC acts as a chemical and mechanical \"glue\" between the LSCF catalyst and the GDC barrier layer of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC (C-ITSOFEC-CEP-LSCFGDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Initial Status\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 wt% (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e50 wt% Gd\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e2-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) After Reduction\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e52.4 vol% (La\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eCo\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eFe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e47.6 vol% Gd\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.9\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e3-7 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531001918X\"\u003eM. Izuki, et al., Interfacial stability and cation diffusion across the LSCF\/GDC interface, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7232-7236\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617313087\"\u003eӦ. Çelikbilek, et al., Influence of sintering temperature on morphology and electrochemical performance of LSCF\/GDC composite films as efficient cathode for SOFC, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 246, 1248-1258\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47455616532710,"sku":"CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECCEPLSCFGDC_main.png?v=1773641998"},{"product_id":"csofecceplsm8ysz","title":"LSM\/8YSZ Composite Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSM\/8YSZ composite powder is the foundational \"air electrode\" material. While pure LSM is an excellent electronic conductor, it has very low ionic conductivity. Mixing it with 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia (8YSZ) transforms the electrode from a simple surface-active layer into a high-performance, three-dimensional reaction zone. The composite is particularly favored for high-temperature systems (750 °C–1000 °C) because it is chemically stable, mechanically robust, and eliminates the need for expensive barrier layers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a pure LSM electrode, the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) can only happen at the Triple Phase Boundary (TPB)—the exact line where the gas, the electronic conductor (LSM), and the electrolyte (YSZ) meet. This severely limits the reaction area. (1)\u003cstrong\u003e Ionic Highways\u003c\/strong\u003e: By adding 8YSZ particles into the LSM matrix, you create a network of \"ionic highways\" that extend into the bulk of the electrode. (2) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: This shifts the TPB from a 2D interface at the electrolyte surface into a 3D volume throughout the functional layer, drastically lowering the polarization resistance (Rp).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ (C-SOFEC-CEP-LSM8YSZ)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Initial Status\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 wt% (La\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003eSr\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003eMnO\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e50 wt% (Y\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) After Reduction\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e47.9 vol% (La\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMnO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-\u003cspan\u003eδ\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cspan\u003e52.1 vol% (Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-9 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806004747\"\u003eM. Backhaus-Ricoult, et al., Interface chemistry in LSM–YSZ composite SOFC cathodes, Solid State Ionics, 20106, 177, 2195-2200\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775323007656\"\u003eY. Fan, et al., Enabling durable hydrogen production and preventing the catastrophic delamination in the solid oxide electrolysis cells by infiltrating SrFe2O4-δ solutions into LSM\/YSZ -based air electrode, J. Power Sources, 2023, 580, 233389\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47457838989542,"sku":"CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCEPLSM8YSZ_main.png?v=1773700050"},{"product_id":"citsofecocegdc","title":"GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 or 500 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCEGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria)—also known as CGO—is the primary alternative to the traditional YSZ electrolyte. It is the material of choice for Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation, as it solves the conductivity bottleneck that occurs when YSZ is used below 750 °C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC is favored for its superior oxygen ion (O^{2-}) conductivity at reduced temperatures. At 600 °C, GDC has an ionic conductivity comparable to YSZ at 800 °C (~0.01 S\/cm to 0.1 S\/cm). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eIntermediate Temperature\u003c\/strong\u003e (500°C–700°C): Lowering the temperature allows for the use of cheaper stainless steel interconnects and reduces the rate of material degradation and thermal stress. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: Doping Ceria (CeO2) with Gadolinium (Gd^{3+}) creates oxygen vacancies in the fluorite lattice. Because Gd^{3+} has a very similar ionic radius to Ce^{4+}, it minimizes lattice strain, leading to a high mobility of oxygen ions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCITSOFECOCEGDC (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-GDC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) GDC\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e5-9 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773704710\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_04_Condictivity_160x160.png?v=1773704710\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 (100 g)","offer_id":47458658975974,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC10100","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC10 (500 g)","offer_id":47458659008742,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC10500","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 (100 g)","offer_id":47458659205350,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC20100","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 (500 g)","offer_id":47458659238118,"sku":"CITSOFECOCEGDC20500","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCEGDC_main.png?v=1773703481"},{"product_id":"citsofecocessz","title":"SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCESSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"81\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eSSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia)\u003c\/strong\u003e, also known as \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"130\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eScSZ\u003c\/strong\u003e, is the high-performance alternative to YSZ.It is widely considered the \"gold standard\" for \u003cstrong data-index-in-node=\"228\" data-path-to-node=\"0\"\u003eIntermediate Temperature (IT)\u003c\/strong\u003e operation (\u003cspan data-index-in-node=\"269\" data-math=\"600\\text{--}800\\text{°C}\"\u003e600-800 °C\u003c\/span\u003e) due to its significantly higher ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary reason to use SSZ is that it offers 3 to 4 times the oxygen ion conductivity of 8YSZ at the same temperature. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eRadius Advantage\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Sc^{3+} ion (0.87 Å) has an ionic radius much closer to the Zr^{4+} ion (0.84 Å) than Y^{3+} does. This creates a more \"open\" and less strained crystal lattice, allowing oxygen vacancies to move with much lower resistance. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Intermediate Temperature Efficiency\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 650 °C, the conductivity of SSZ is roughly equivalent to that of YSZ at 800 °C. This allows for high power densities in SOFCs and efficient hydrogen production in SOECs without the extreme heat that accelerates material degradation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCESSZ (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-SSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.9%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(Sc\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e(CeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.01\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther chemical formula with various customized ratios can be supplied upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.5-3.0 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_04_PSD_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_02_XRD_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eIon Conductivity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cdiv\u003e\u003cimg alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_05_Conductivity_160x160.png?v=1773707730\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 or 500 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360544215008658\"\u003eA. Mahmood, et al., High-performance solid oxide electrolysis cell based on ScSZ\/GDC (scandia-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinium-doped ceria) bi-layered electrolyte and LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) oxygen electrode, Energy, 2015, 90, 344-350\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925838809026875\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., Investigation of (CeO2)x(Sc2O3)(0.11−x)(ZrO2)0.89 (x = 0.01–0.10) electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, J. Alloys Compounds, 2010, 502, 319-323\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47458726510822,"sku":"CITSOFECOCESSZ","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESSZ_main.png?v=1773706415"},{"product_id":"citsofecocesdc","title":"SDC (Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCESDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), SDC (Samarium-Doped Ceria) is a high-performance electrolyte and electrode component specifically designed for Intermediate and Low-Temperature operation (450°C–650°C). Formulated as Ce(1-x)SmxO(2-x) (typically SDC20, where x=0.2), it is widely considered the superior version of GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) for maximizing ionic conductivity at the lower end of the thermal spectrum.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSDC offers the highest ionic conductivity among the ceria-based electrolytes. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLattice Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: The ionic radius of Sm^{3+} ($1.079 Å) is the closest match to Ce^{4+} (0.97 Å) among all rare-earth dopants. This minimize the \"elastic strain\" in the crystal lattice. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLow Association Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because the strain is minimized, the energy required for an oxygen ion to \"break away\" from a vacancy and hop to the next site is very low. (3) \u003cstrong\u003ePerformance\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 600°C, SDC provides significantly lower ohmic resistance than YSZ, enabling higher power densities without the need for extreme heat.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCESDC (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-SDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.9%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSDC20: Sm\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e1.9\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOther chemical formula with various customized ratios can be supplied upon request\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.4-0.7 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~13.8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.032206jes\/meta\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., An Efficient SOFC Based on Samaria-Doped Ceria (SDC) Electrolyte, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2012, 159, B661\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468616326597\"\u003eK. Shimura, et al., Effect of samaria-doped ceria (SDC) interlayer on the performance of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ\/SDC composite oxygen electrode for reversible solid oxide fuel cells, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 225, 114-120\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47458906800358,"sku":"CITSOFECOCESDC","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCESDC_main.png?v=1773709736"},{"product_id":"csofeceplnc","title":"LNC (Lanthanum Nickel Cobaltite) Electrode Powder for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECEPLNC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LNC (Lanthanum Nickel Cobaltite)—typically formulated as LaNi0.6Co0.4O3-x, is a high-performance perovskite material primarily used to maximize current collection and improve electrical contact. While LSCF is the workhorse for intermediate-temperature cathodes, LNC is the go-to material for researchers and stack manufacturers who need the highest possible electronic conductivity coupled with superior thermal stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe presence of Nickel at the B-site of the perovskite structure helps stabilize the material's thermal expansion. This makes LNC much less likely to delaminate or crack during the rapid thermal cycling often required in portable or automotive SOFC\/SOEC applications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary applications fields are: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode Contact Paste\u003c\/strong\u003e: In a professional SOFC stack, the \"contact resistance\" between the air electrode (cathode) and the metallic interconnect can be a major source of power loss. LNC powder is formulated into a paste and applied as a thin layer between the LSCF\/LSM cathode and the stainless steel interconnect. It acts as an electronic \"bridge,\" ensuring that electrons flow smoothly out of the cell with minimal resistance. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMultilayer Cathodes\u003c\/strong\u003e: In high-performance cells, LNC is often used as the outermost layer of a multilayer cathode. As for functional layer: Usually LSCF\/GDC (for high catalytic activity). As for current collection layer: A thick layer of LNC to ensure the current is collected efficiently across the entire surface area of the cell. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLow-Temperature PEC and SOEC\u003c\/strong\u003e: Because LNC remains highly conductive even at lower temperatures (400°C–600°C), it is used in Intermediate and Low-Temperature (IT\/LT) cells. In SOEC mode, LNC’s stability helps resist the high oxygen partial pressures that can cause other cobalt-rich materials to degrade.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 112.999px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%; height: 40.6875px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSOFECEPLNC (C-SOFEC-EP-LNC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNi\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.60\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.40\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.7-1.1 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 28.2374%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 71.4029%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500g, 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2211285520307850\"\u003eN. Duan, et al., Multi-functionalities enabled fivefold applications of LaCo0.6Ni0.4O3−δ in intermediate temperature symmetrical solid oxide fuel\/electrolysis cells, Nano Energy, 2020, 77, 105207\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1945-7111\/ab91cc\/meta\"\u003eQ. Ma, et al., Performances of Solid Oxide Cells with La0.97Ni0.5Co0.5O3−δ as Air-Electrodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167, 084522\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459035316454,"sku":"CSOFECEPLNC","price":349.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECEPLNC_main.png?v=1773719314"},{"product_id":"citsofecocelsgm","title":"LSGM (La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3-δ) Powder as Oxygen-Conducting Electrolyte for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CITSOFECOCELSGM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), LSGM (Lanthanum Strontium Gallium Magnesium Gallate) is considered the \"ultimate\" oxide-ion conductor. Formulated as La(1-x)SrxGa(1-y)MgyO(3-x), it is a perovskite electrolyte designed specifically to outperform YSZ and GDC in the Intermediate Temperature (IT) range (600 °C–800 °C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSGM is favored because it possesses higher ionic conductivity than YSZ across all temperatures, without the electronic leakage issues that plague GDC in reducing environments. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSuperior Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: At 650 °C, LSGM has roughly double the conductivity of SSZ and nearly ten times that of YSZ. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePure Ionic Conductor\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike Ceria-based electrolytes (GDC\/SDC), LSGM maintains a high electrolytic domain. This means it remains a pure ionic conductor even under low oxygen partial pressures (the fuel side), allowing for a high Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) near the theoretical limit (~1.1 V). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eWide Operating Range\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is effective from 500 °C to 800 °C, making it the most versatile electrolyte for high-efficiency IT-SOFCs.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECOCELSGM (C-ITSOFEC-OCE-LSGM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePSD (D50)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0.3-0.7 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4-8 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468623009295\"\u003eS. Kim, et al., Revolutionizing hydrogen production with LSGM-based solid oxide electrolysis cells: An innovative approach by sonic spray, Electrochimica Acta, 2023, 463, 142751\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806000956\"\u003eK. Y. Kim, et al., Characterization of the electrode and electrolyte interfaces of LSGM-based SOFCs, Silid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2155-2158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"KLD","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459088662758,"sku":"CITSOFECOCELSGM","price":269.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECOCELSGM_main.png?v=1773723083"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzcy","title":"BZCY (BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3-δ) Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZCY","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn both Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), BZCY (Barium Zirconate Cerate Yttrate)—typically formulated as BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.2O(3-x), is the leading Proton-Conducting Electrolyte. While traditional SOFCs (like YSZ) rely on the movement of heavy oxygen ions (O^{2-}), BZCY allows for the transport of small, highly mobile Protons (H+). This fundamental shift in charge carrier enables efficient operation at significantly lower temperatures (400°C–600°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing protons instead of oxygen ions provides three transformative benefits for fuel cell and electrolysis technology: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eLower Activation Energy\u003c\/strong\u003e: Protons are the smallest possible ions. Because of their size, they \"hop\" through the crystal lattice with much less resistance than large oxygen ions, allowing for high power densities at intermediate temperatures. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eFuel Side Product Generation (SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In a proton-conducting SOFC (PC-SOFC), water is formed at the cathode (air side) rather than the anode. This prevents the fuel (hydrogen) from being diluted by water vapor, maintaining a high Nernst potential throughout the cell. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDirect Pressurized Hydrogen (SOEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In electrolysis mode (SOEC), pure hydrogen is produced on the cathode side, while steam is fed to the anode. This simplifies the separation process and allows for the production of dry, high-purity hydrogen.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZCY is a solid solution of Barium Cerate (BaCeO3) and Barium Zirconate (BaZrO3): (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBarium Cerate (C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides exceptionally high proton conductivity but is chemically unstable; it reacts with CO2 to form BaCO3, causing the cell to crumble. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eBarium Zirconate (Z)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Is extremely stable against CO2 and moisture but has very poor conductivity due to high grain-boundary resistance. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHybrid (BZCY)\u003c\/strong\u003e: By combining them, BZCY achieves a \"sweet spot\"—it retains the high conductivity of the cerate while the zirconate fraction provides the chemical robustness needed to survive in real-world environments containing CO2.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZCY (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZCY)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-30 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0891805jes\/meta\"\u003eT. Kobayashi, et al., Analysis of the Anode Reaction of Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cells with BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.2O3-δ Electrolytes and Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3-δ Anodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2018, 165, F342\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsomega.2c00569\"\u003eH. Toriumi, et al., Enhanced Performance of Protonic Solid Oxide Steam Electrolysis Cell of Zr-Rich Side BaZr0.6Ce0.2Y0.2O3−δ Electrolyte with an Anode Functional Layer,  ACS Omega 2022, 7, 11, 9944–9950\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459153871078,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCY","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCY_main.png?v=1773729306"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzy","title":"BZY (BaZr0.8Y0.2O3-δ) Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZY","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the evolving landscape of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), BZY (Barium Zirconate Yttrate, also called Yttria-doped Barium Zirconate)—typically formulated as BaZr0.8Y0.2O(3-x), is the \"chemical fortress\" of proton-conducting electrolytes. While BZCY (which contains Cerium) is more conductive, BZY is often preferred for industrial applications because of its unparalleled chemical and mechanical stability, especially in environments containing high levels of CO2 or steam.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary reason to choose BZY over other proton conductors is its stability. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCO2 Resistance\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike Barium Cerate-based materials, BZY does not react with Carbon Dioxide to form Barium Carbonate (BaCO3). This makes it the only viable proton-conducting electrolyte for cells running on hydrocarbons (like methane) or in SOEC mode where CO2 co-electrolysis is performed. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eMechanical Integrity\u003c\/strong\u003e: BZY possesses superior mechanical strength and fracture toughness compared to Ceria-based electrolytes, which is critical for long-term stack durability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZY operates via the transport of protons (H+) through the oxygen vacancies created by Yttrium doping. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eProtonic SOFC (PC-SOFC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Protons travel from the anode to the cathode and water forms at the cathode. This is a massive benefit because the fuel (hydrogen) remains pure and undiluted, leading to higher efficiency and easier fuel recycling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eProtonic SOEC (PC-SOEC)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Steam is fed to the anode, where it is split into O2 and H+. Protons travel through the BZY to the cathode to form dry, pure H2 gas. This eliminates the need for expensive hydrogen drying stages required in traditional SOEC systems.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZY (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZY)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSurface Area \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e15-30 m2\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1452398123000548\"\u003eY. Huang, et al., Performance study of proton conducting electrolytes based on BaZr1−xYxO3-δ for solid oxide electrolysis cell, I. J. Electrochem. Soc., 2023, 18, 100033\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/full\/10.1021\/acsaem.2c02995\"\u003eY. Xing, et al., Designing High Interfacial Conduction beyond Bulk via Engineering the Semiconductor–Ionic Heterostructure CeO2−δ\/BaZr0.8Y0.2O3 for Superior Proton Conductive Fuel Cell and Water Electrolysis Applications, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. 2022, 5, 12, 15373–15384\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47459373908198,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZY","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZY_main.png?v=1773731143"},{"product_id":"csofecesysz","title":"YSZ (55 wt%) Electrolyte Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESYSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a YSZ slurry is the liquid suspension of YSZ powder, solvents, and chemical additives used to create the ceramic layers of the cell. Regarding the 8YSZ for the electrolyte, the quality of the slurry determines the final density, thickness, and mechanical integrity of the cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance slurry is a complex chemical system. Each additive has a specific role in ensuring the YSZ particles remain suspended and flow correctly during deposition. For example: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESYSZ_02_160x160.png?v=1773788462\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eSlurry Requirements by Deposition Method\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e(1) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting (for Electrolyte Sheets)\u003c\/strong\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Moderate to high (1000-5000 mPa·s.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: A \"honey-like\" consistency that can be spread into a perfectly flat, thin green tape (10-200 um.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: High binder\/plasticizer content is needed so the tape can be peeled off the carrier film without tearing.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen Printing (for Functional Layers)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Very high (\"Paste\" or \"Ink\" consistency).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: Thixotropic behavior—the slurry should flow easily through the mesh under the squeegee but stay exactly where it is printed without \"bleeding.\"\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: Solvent evaporation must be slow (e.g., using Terpineol) to prevent the screen from clogging during a long production run.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) \u003cstrong\u003eDip Coating or Spraying (for Tubular Cells)\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eViscosity: Low (10-100 mPa·s}.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGoal: A watery suspension that can coat a support tube evenly.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKey Factor: Requires very fine YSZ particles (\u0026lt;0.3 um) to keep the powder from settling at the bottom of the container.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESYSZ (C-SOFEC-ES-YSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepeysz?variant=47454840127718\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e (BaZr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eY\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ)\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e55 wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461133123814,"sku":"CSOFECESYSZ","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESYSZ_main.png?v=1773800150"},{"product_id":"csofecesnio8ysz","title":"NiO\/8YSZ (57-65 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESNiO8YSZ","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO\/8YSZ electrode slurry is the liquid suspension used to create the hydrogen electrode (anode in SOFC, cathode in SOEC). This slurry is a complex mixture of active ceramic\/metal oxide powders, organic vehicles, and chemical additives designed to create a specifically engineered porous microstructure. The slurry has multi-components: \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO8YSZ_02_240x240.png?v=1773800211\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe rheology (flow behavior) of the NiO\/8YSZ slurry must be matched to the manufacturing method: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen Printing (Functional Layers)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a thixotropic paste. The slurry should have a high viscosity (10-50 Pa s) that drops under the pressure of the squeegee, allowing it to pass through the mesh, and then \"re-sets\" instantly on the substrate to prevent bleeding. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting (Anode Supports)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a lower viscosity (1-5 Pa s) with a high binder-to-plasticizer ratio. This ensures the resulting 0.5 mm thick \"green\" support is flexible enough to be handled without cracking. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSpin Coating\/ Dip Coating\u003c\/strong\u003e: Requires a very dilute, low-viscosity suspension ($0.1 Pa s) to ensure a sub-micron uniform coating on electrolytes or support tubes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESNiO8YSZ (C-SOFEC-ES-NiO8YSZ)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepnio?variant=47454760599782\"\u003eNiO\u003c\/a\u003e  :  \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecesysz?variant=47461133123814\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e = 55 wt% : 45 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) 57 wt% for Anode Functional Layer (AFL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) 65 wt% for Anode Support Layer (ASL)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eH. P. Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-728\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"57 wt% for AFL","offer_id":47461695946982,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO8YSZ57","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"65 wt% for ASL","offer_id":47461695979750,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO8YSZ65","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO8YSZ_main.png?v=1773801286"},{"product_id":"csofecesnio","title":"NiO (73 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESNiO","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the fabrication of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO (Nickel Oxide) slurry is the liquid suspension used to deposit the precursor for the hydrogen electrode. While most industrial applications use a composite NiO\/YSZ or NiO\/GDC slurry, pure NiO slurries are often used in research for infiltration techniques or as a contact layer to improve current collection. The primary function of the NiO slurry is to provide a high-surface-area coating that, upon reduction to metallic Nickel (Ni), becomes the catalyst for hydrogen oxidation or water splitting.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe multi-components of NiO slurry are:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO_02_240x240.png?v=1773802892\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFunctional Roles of NiO in the Slurry: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCatalytic Precursor\u003c\/strong\u003e: NiO is a ceramic insulator. It must be reduced in situ using hydrogen gas (NiO + H2 → Ni + H2O) to become the active catalyst. (2) \u003cstrong\u003ePorosity Generation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Metallic Ni has a molar volume ~40% smaller than NiO. This volume contraction during the first run of the cell creates the micro-porosity necessary for gas molecules to reach the reaction sites. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Connectivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Once reduced, the Ni particles must touch each other to form a \"percolation network\" that carries electrons from the reaction site to the external circuit.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESNiO (C-SOFEC-ES-NiO)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepnio?variant=47454760599782\"\u003eNiO\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 73 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.202100072\"\u003eM. B. Mogensen, et al., Ni migration in solid oxide cell electrodes: Review and revised hypothesis, Fuel Cells, 2021, 21, 415-429\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461494587622,"sku":"CSOFECESNiO","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESNiO_main.png?v=1773802892"},{"product_id":"citsofecesgdc","title":"GDC (55 wt%) Electrolyte Slurry for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECESGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the manufacturing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) slurry is a suspension of GDC powder in an organic or aqueous vehicle. Depending on its formulation, it is used to create the main electrolyte for intermediate-temperature cells or a dense barrier layer to prevent chemical reactions between YSZ and cobalt-based cathodes. GDC slurries are particularly sensitive to processing because Ceria-based materials are notoriously difficult to densify at temperatures below 1400 °C without specific additives. The \"recipe\" for a GDC slurry changes drastically depending on whether you are using Tape Casting (to make a support) or Screen Printing (to make a thin film).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eA major challenge with GDC slurries is that \"pure\" GDC requires sintering at 1400 °C–1500 °C to become gas-tight. It has been demonstrated that the sintering aids in the slurry can lower the sintering temperature to 1100 °C–1250 °C. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTransition Metals\u003c\/strong\u003e: Adding 0.5-2.0 mol% of Iron (Fe), Cobalt (Co), or Copper (Cu) to the slurry can drop the sintering temperature by hundreds of degrees. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLithium (Li)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lithium nitrate or oxide is often used in GDC slurries for metal-supported cells, allowing densification at temperatures as low as 950 °C, which protects the metal substrate from oxidation.\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eWhen using LSCF or LSC cathodes on a YSZ electrolyte, a GDC slurry is highly recommended to build a buffer layer. (2) \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003e\"Strontium Trap\":\u003c\/b\u003e Without this GDC layer, Strontium from the cathode reacts with the YSZ electrolyte to form \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"SrZrO_3\" data-index-in-node=\"113\"\u003eSrZrO3\u003c\/span\u003e, an insulator that kills cell performance. (2) \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSlurry Density:\u003c\/b\u003e The barrier layer slurry must be formulated to be perfectly dense. Any porosity in this layer allows the Strontium to \"leak\" through and react with the YSZ.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECESGDC (C-ITSOFEC-ES-GDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material in Slurry\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) GDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e10\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) GDC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSolid-State Content\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e55 wt%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 {(Gd0.10Ce0.90)O1.95}","offer_id":47461620973798,"sku":"CITSOFECESGDC10","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 {(Gd0.20Ce0.80)O1.95}","offer_id":47461621006566,"sku":"CITSOFECESGDC20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESGDC_main.png?v=1773806973"},{"product_id":"csofeceslscf","title":"LSCF (64 wt%) Electrode Slurry for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECESLSCF","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSCF (Lanthanum Strontium Cobalt Ferrite) slurry is the liquid suspension used to deposit the oxygen electrode. Since LSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC), the slurry is often formulated as a composite with GDC (Gadolinium-Doped Ceria) to further enhance ionic transport and match the thermal expansion of the electrolyte. LSCF slurries are highly sensitive to processing temperatures; firing too high can lead to the formation of insulating phases, while firing too low results in poor adhesion.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA professional LSCF slurry (or ink) is designed to create a layer with 30% to 40% porosity to allow for gas diffusion (O2 capture in SOFC mode, O2 escape in SOEC mode).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESLSCF_02_240x240.png?v=1773814213\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is a critical manufacturing rule that LSCF slurries must not be printed directly onto a YSZ electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Reaction\u003c\/strong\u003e: At sintering temperatures, Strontium (Sr) from the LSCF slurry will migrate into the YSZ to form Strontium Zirconate (SrZrO3) that is an electrical insulator. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThe Solution\u003c\/strong\u003e: A separate, dense GDC slurry must be printed and fired first to act as a \"barrier layer\" (typically 3-5 um thick).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe slurry preparation highly depends on the coating techniques: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eScreen-Printing Ink\u003c\/strong\u003e: This is the most common form for LSCF. It requires a high-viscosity, thixotropic paste (often using Terpineol). It must be homogenized using a three-roll mill to ensure the LSCF and GDC are perfectly distributed at the sub-micron level. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eTape Casting Slurry\u003c\/strong\u003e: Used for making \"cathode-supported\" cells. This requires a lower viscosity and a higher concentration of binders (like PVB) to allow the resulting \"green\" sheet to be flexible and handleable.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESLSCF (C-SOFEC-ES-LSCF)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofeceplscf?variant=47455469666534\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/a\u003e \u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCo\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 64 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273814000046\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al., Stability of LSCF electrode with GDC interlayer in YSZ-based solid oxide electrolysis cell, Solid State Ionics, 2014, 262, 303-306\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3555122\/meta\"\u003eE. N. Armstrong, et al., Determination of Surface Exchange Coefficients of LSM, LSCF, YSZ, GDC Constituent Materials in Composite SOFC Cathodes, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2011, 158, B492\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/2.0741902jes\/meta\"\u003eV. Vibhu, et al., High Performance LSC Infiltrated LSCF Oxygen Electrode for High Temperature Steam Electrolysis Application, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166, F102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461725470950,"sku":"CSOFECESLSCF","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESLSCF_main.png?v=1773814213"},{"product_id":"citsofeceslscfgdc","title":"LSCF\/GDC (68 wt%) Electrode Slurry for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CITSOFECESLSCFGDC","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the production of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSCF\/GDC composite slurry is the industry-standard \"ink\" used to deposit the oxygen electrode. Since LSCF is a Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductor (MIEC) and GDC is a high-performance ionic conductor, this composite maximizes the surface area available for the electrochemical reaction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMixing LSCF (La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-x) with GDC (Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) in a slurry provides three critical advantages: (1) \u003cstrong\u003e3D Reaction Zone\u003c\/strong\u003e: While pure LSCF can conduct ions, its ionic conductivity is much lower than GDC. Adding GDC particles creates \"ionic highways\" that extend the reaction site from the electrolyte interface deep into the electrode bulk. \u003cbr\u003e(2) \u003cstrong\u003eThermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure LSCF has a high TEC (~15 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}). Mixing it with GDC (~12 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}) brings the composite closer to the YSZ electrolyte (~10.5 * 10^{-6} K^{-1}), preventing the electrode from peeling off during thermal cycling. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eSintering Control\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC particles act as \"spacers\" that prevent LSCF grains from over-sintering and losing porosity at operating temperatures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance screen-printing ink typically follows this mass distribution:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESLSCFGDC_02_240x240.png?v=1773815468\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen using an LSCF\/GDC slurry, it is necessary to apply it over a dense GDC Barrier Layer if the electrolyte is YSZ. (1) Problem: During the 1000°C–1100 °C sintering of the LSCF slurry, Strontium (Sr) will migrate into a YSZ electrolyte and form Strontium Zirconate (SrZrO3), an insulator that significantly increases the cell's ASR (Area Specific Resistance). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSolution\u003c\/strong\u003e: A thin (2-}5 um) dense GDC layer acts as a chemical buffer, blocking the Sr migration while allowing oxygen ions to flow.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECESLSCFGDC (C-SOFEC-ES-LSCFGDC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecceplscfgdc?variant=47455616532710\"\u003eLSCF\/GDC\u003c\/a\u003e (50 wt% : 50wt%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 68 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531001918X\"\u003eM. Izuki, et al., Interfacial stability and cation diffusion across the LSCF\/GDC interface, J. Power Sources, 2011, 196, 7232-7236\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617313087\"\u003eӦ. Çelikbilek, et al., Influence of sintering temperature on morphology and electrochemical performance of LSCF\/GDC composite films as efficient cathode for SOFC, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 246, 1248-1258\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47461757976806,"sku":"CITSOFECESLSCFGDC","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECESLSCFGDC_main.png?v=1773815403"},{"product_id":"csofecgps","title":"Glass Paste Sealant for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECGPS","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the assembly of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a glass paste sealant is a specialized suspension of glass-ceramic powder used to create hermetic, electrically insulating joins. While pre-shaped gaskets are used for large-scale production, paste is the preferred format for R\u0026amp;D, button cell testing, and complex manifolds where precise dispensing is required.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA sealing paste must balance the chemistry of the glass with the rheology of the organic vehicle to ensure it stays in place during assembly and flows perfectly during the \"sealing run.\"\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA high-performance screen-printing ink typically follows this mass distribution:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECGPS_02_240x240.png?v=1773816621\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a glass paste to be effective in an SOC environment, it must meet these strict criteria: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eTEC Matching\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Coefficient of Thermal Expansion must be 9.5-12.0 * 10^{-6} K^{-1} to match the YSZ electrolyte and Crofer 22 APU interconnects. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eGlass Transition\u003c\/strong\u003e (Tg): Typically 550 °C to 700 °C. The sealant must be rigid at operating temperatures but slightly viscous during thermal spikes to \"self-heal\" micro-cracks. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectrical Resistivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: In SOEC mode, where voltages exceed 1.3 V, high resistivity is critical to prevent \"Cr-bridge\" formation (electrochemical migration of Chromium).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA glass paste is not \"set\" until it undergoes a specific heat treatment: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eBinder Burn-out (200 °C–400 °C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Slow heating to remove organics without leaving carbon residue or causing \"bloating.\" (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSintering \u0026amp; Wetting (700 °C–850 °C)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The glass softens and wets the metal and ceramic surfaces, creating a gas-tight bond. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCrystallization (Devitrification)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Held at a peak temperature (e.g., 900 °C) to transform the glass into a glass-ceramic. This makes the seal more mechanically robust and prevents it from flowing away during long-term operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECGPS (C-SOFEC-EC-GPS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBa-Ca-Al-Borosilicate (50 wt% : 50wt%)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: ~70 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775326003290\"\u003eK. Singh, et al., Designing glass sealants for intermediate- and low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells: challenges and prospects, 2026, 671, 239579\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/07801.1739ecst\/meta\"\u003eR. Kiebach, et al., A Novel SOFC\/SOEC Sealing Glass with a Low SiO2 Content and a High Thermal Expansion Coefficient, ECS Trans., 2017, 78 1739\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47462185435366,"sku":"CSOFECGPS","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECGPS_main.png?v=1773816587"},{"product_id":"csofeccpaglsm","title":"Ag\/LSM Composite Paste for SOFC\/SOEC, 100 g\/bottle, CSOFECCPAgLSM","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the specialized field of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cell (SOEC) stack assembly, Ag\/LSM (Silver\/Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) composite paste is a high-conductivity material primarily used as a contact layer or current collector. While pure Silver (Ag) has the highest electrical conductivity of any metal, it suffers from poor adhesion to ceramics and high oxygen permeability. Mixing it with LSM creates a composite that maintains high conductivity while improving the mechanical and thermal stability of the electrical interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe Ag\/LSM paste is typically applied between the cathode (air electrode) and the metallic interconnect (e.g., Crofer 22 APU). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSilver (Ag) Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Provides the primary path for electrons. Silver is unique because it remains metallic and highly conductive in oxidizing atmospheres (air) at 600-800 °C, unlike most other metals that would form resistive oxide scales. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eLSM Phase\u003c\/strong\u003e: Acts as a \"ceramic anchor.\" LSM bonds well to both the YSZ-based cell and the silver. It also helps match the Thermal Expansion Coefficient (TEC) of the paste to the rest of the cell, preventing the silver from \"beading up\" or delaminating. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eOxygen Management\u003c\/strong\u003e: In SOEC mode (electrolysis), oxygen is generated at high pressure. The LSM helps stabilize the interface, preventing the silver from being \"lifted\" or forming pores due to oxygen gas evolution.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt shows multiple advantages compared to pure Ag paste. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eReduced Silver Evaporation\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver is volatile at 800 °C and can migrate (vapors) into the cathode, potentially poisoning the active sites. The LSM matrix helps \"trap\" the silver and reduce its vapor pressure. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eInhibition of Grain Growth\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver tends to coarsen (grains grow larger) over time, which reduces its contact area. The ceramic LSM particles act as \"pinning agents,\" keeping the silver microstructure stable for thousands of hours. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eImproved Adhesion\u003c\/strong\u003e: Pure Silver does not wet ceramic surfaces well. The LSM provides a chemical bridge that ensures the contact layer doesn't peel off during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECCPAgLSM (C-SOFEC-CP-AgLSM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Material\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAg\/LSM (85 wt% Ag + 15wt% LSM)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSolid state content: 65 wt%\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e100 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 500 g, and 1000 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775307020186\"\u003eT. Z. Sholklapper, et al., Nanocomposite Ag–LSM solid oxide fuel cell electrodes, J. Power Sources, 2008, 175, 206-210\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273812001713\"\u003eM. Mosiałek, et al., Changes in the morphology and the composition of the Ag|YSZ and Ag|LSM interfaces caused by polarization, Solid State Ionics, 2012, 225 755-759\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cspan style=\"font-size: 0.875rem;\"\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOFCMAN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47463121027302,"sku":"CSOFECCPAgLSM","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECCPAgLSM_main.png?v=1773852903"},{"product_id":"citsofeclsgmed","title":"LSGM Electrolyte Disk for Intermediate Temperature SOFC\/SOEC Button Cell Test, CITSOFECLSGMED","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the testing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an LSGM electrolyte disk (typically La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3) is used as the high-performance structural support for \"button cells.\" Because LSGM is a superior oxide-ion conductor to YSZ at intermediate temperatures, these disks allow researchers to study electrode kinetics at 600 °C–700°C without the massive ohmic losses of zirconia.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor a standard laboratory button cell test, LSGM disks usually follow these parameters: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDiameter\u003c\/strong\u003e: 20 mm or 25 mm (Standard for ProboStat or NorECs test fixtures). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 200 um to 500 um (Electrolyte-supported configuration). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eDensity\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u0026gt;98% of theoretical density (must be helium leak-tight). (4) \u003cstrong\u003eSurface Finish\u003c\/strong\u003e: Lapped or polished to ensure a flat interface for screen-printing electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCITSOFECLSGMED (C-ITSOFEC-LSGMED)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSr\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGa\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.8\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMg\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3-δ\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocelsgm?variant=47459088662758\"\u003eLSGM\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Disk Size\/Thickness\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D15 mm + T300 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D15 mm + T400 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) D15 mm + T550 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) D20 mm + T550 um\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468623009295\"\u003eS. Kim, et al., Revolutionizing hydrogen production with LSGM-based solid oxide electrolysis cells: An innovative approach by sonic spray, Electrochimica Acta, 2023, 463, 142751\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273806000956\"\u003eK. Y. Kim, et al., Characterization of the electrode and electrolyte interfaces of LSGM-based SOFCs, Silid State Ionics, 2006, 177, 2155-2158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"D15 mm + T300 um","offer_id":47463438156006,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T300","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D15 mm + T400 um","offer_id":47463438188774,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T400","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D15 mm + T550 um","offer_id":47463445135590,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD15T550","price":109.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D20 mm + T550 um","offer_id":47463445168358,"sku":"CITSOFECLSGMEDD20T550","price":119.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CITSOFECBCTLSGMED_main.png?v=1773861229"},{"product_id":"csofec8yszep","title":"8YSZ Electrolyte Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFEC8YSZEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the evaluation of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte pellet (typically 8YSZ) serves as the structural foundation for \"button cell\" testing. These pellets are used in electrolyte-supported configurations to isolate and study the performance of new anode and cathode materials. Because YSZ is chemically inert and mechanically robust, it is the global baseline against which all other electrolyte materials are measured.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor reliable electrochemical testing, the YSZ pellet must meet strict physical standards to ensure gas tightness and consistent ohmic resistance: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eComposition\u003c\/strong\u003e: 8 mol% Y2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ). This provides the highest ionic conductivity in the zirconia family. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually 20 mm or 25 mm in diameter. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 150 um to 500 um. Thinner pellets reduce the ohmic \"background noise,\" making it easier to see small improvements in electrode performance. (4) Density: Must be \u0026gt;99% of theoretical density (~5.9 g\/cm3). Any open porosity will cause \"gas crossover,\" resulting in a low Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn a test environment (eg: button cell), the YSZ pellet is \"functionalized\" by applying electrodes to both sides: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode Side (Fuel)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically a Ni-YSZ cermet. This is screen-printed or painted onto one side and fired (usually at 1300-1400 °C). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode Side (Air)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Materials like LSM (750-900 °C) or LSCF (600-750 °C). It should be noted that if using LSCF, a GDC barrier layer must be applied to the YSZ pellet first to prevent SrZrO3 formation. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e: Platinum (Pt) or Gold (Au) meshes are pressed against the electrodes to extract current.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFEC8YSZEP (C-SOFEC-8YSZEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofecepeysz?variant=47454840127718\"\u003e8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eElectrolyte Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~100 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~100 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 5cm * 5cm (T: ~200-300 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~200-300 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/1.3138701\/meta\"\u003eJ. Schefold, et al., Electronic Conduction of Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte in Solid Oxide Cells Operated in High Temperature Water Electrolysis, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2009, 156, B897\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2024\/ta\/d3ta06652e\/unauth\"\u003eS. K. Kim, et al., Understanding the phase stability of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte under solid oxide electrolysis cell operation conditions, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2024,12, 8319-8330\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47463495270630,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPD15","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47463495303398,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPD20","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47463495336166,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPS55","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47463495368934,"sku":"CSOFEC8YSZEPS1010","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFEC8YSZEP_03.png?v=1773893993"},{"product_id":"csofecnio8yszesp","title":"NiO\/8YSZ Electrode Support Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECNiO8YSZESP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the study of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), a NiO\/8YSZ pellet is the precursor for the most common \"anode-supported\" cell configuration. While 8YSZ is an electrolyte material, a pellet containing NiO is technically an electrode support, not the electrolyte itself. In this configuration, a thick, porous NiO\/8YSZ disk (typically 0.5--1.5 mm) provides the mechanical strength for the entire cell, while a very thin, dense layer of pure 8YSZ (typically 5-20 um) is applied on top to serve as the electrolyte.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NiO\/8YSZ pellet is a \"pre-functional\" material. It only becomes an active electrode after a reduction process: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAs-Sintered State\u003c\/strong\u003e: The pellet consists of Green Nickel Oxide (NiO) and White 8YSZ. In this state, it is a ceramic insulator. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eReduction Step\u003c\/strong\u003e: During the initial \"start-up\" of the test (at 600-800 °C under H2), the NiO is reduced to metallic Nickel (Ni). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCermet Result\u003c\/strong\u003e: This creates a Ni-YSZ cermet (ceramic-metal composite). The Ni provides electronic conductivity and catalytic activity, while the 8YSZ provides ionic conductivity and mechanical stability.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECNiO8YSZESP (C-SOFEC-NiO8YSZESP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csofeccenio8ysz?variant=47455058559206\"\u003eNiO\/8YSZ\u003c\/a\u003e: 60 wt% NiO +40 wt% \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(Y\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.08\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(ZrO\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.92\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eNiO\/8YSZ Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~580 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~580 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816301643\"\u003eA. Hauch, et al., Ni\/YSZ electrodes structures optimized for increased electrolysis performance and durability, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 293, 27-36\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313008112\"\u003eHari Prasad Dasari, Electrochemical characterization of Ni–yttria stabilized zirconia electrode for hydrogen production in solid oxide electrolysis cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 240, 721-72\u003c\/a\u003e8.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47464671740134,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47464671772902,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47464671838438,"sku":"CSOFECNiO8YSZESPS1010","price":199.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECNiO8YSZESP_main.png?v=1773898605"},{"product_id":"csofecsszep","title":"SSZ Electrolyte Pellet (Disk \u0026 Sheet) for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECSSZEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn the testing of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) and Electrolysis Cells (SOEC), an SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte pellet—often formulated as 10Sc1CeSZ (10 mol% Scandia, 1 mol% Ceria)—is the high-performance structural support for \"button cells.\" Because SSZ has the highest ionic conductivity of all zirconia-based materials, these pellets are the preferred choice for researchers targeting Intermediate Temperature (IT) operation (600 °C–750 °C) without the electronic leakage issues associated with GDC.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor reliable laboratory testing, SSZ pellets must be fully dense to prevent gas crossover: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eComposition\u003c\/strong\u003e: 10 mol% Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2 is standard. 1 mol% CeO2 is usually added as a co-dopant to stabilize the cubic phase and prevent the rhombohedral phase transition during cooling. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eDimensions\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically 20 mm or 25 mm in diameter. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eThickness\u003c\/strong\u003e: 150 um to 500 um (Electrolyte-supported cell configuration). (4) \u003cstrong\u003eIonic Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: ~0.1 S\/cm at 800 °C, which is significantly higher than 8YSZ (~0.04 S\/cm).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFor Button cell test, SSZ pellet acts as the backbone. Electrodes are applied to create the functional cell: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eAnode (Fuel Side)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically Ni-SSZ or Ni-GDC. If using Ni-SSZ, the thermal expansion is perfectly matched to the pellet. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eCathode (Air Side)\u003c\/strong\u003e: High-activity materials like LSCF or LSC are common. It should be noted that while SSZ is more stable than YSZ, it is still recommended to use a thin GDC barrier layer if using Cobalt-rich cathodes to prevent the formation of resistive SrZrO3 or SrScOx phases at the interface. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collection\u003c\/strong\u003e: Gold (Au) or Platinum (Pt) paste\/mesh is used to collect the current from the electrodes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECSSZEP (C-SOFEC-SSZEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocessz?variant=47458726510822\"\u003eSSZ\u003c\/a\u003e: (Sc\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e(CeO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.01\u003c\/sub\u003e(ZrO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c\/sub\u003e)\u003csub\u003e0.89\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003eSSZ Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Disk: D15 mm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Disk: D20 mm (T: ~10-15um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Sheet: 5cm * 5cm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) Sheet: 10cm * 10cm (T: ~10-15 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360544215008658\"\u003eA. Mahmood, et al., High-performance solid oxide electrolysis cell based on ScSZ\/GDC (scandia-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinium-doped ceria) bi-layered electrolyte and LSCF (lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite) oxygen electrode, Energy, 2015, 90, 344-350\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0925838809026875\"\u003eM. Liu, et al., Investigation of (CeO2)x(Sc2O3)(0.11−x)(ZrO2)0.89 (x = 0.01–0.10) electrolyte materials for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cell, J. Alloys Compounds, 2010, 502, 319-323\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47464991326438,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47464991359206,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47467523244262,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPS55","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Sheet: 10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47464991391974,"sku":"CSOFECSSZEPS1010","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECSSZEP_main.png?v=1773936923"},{"product_id":"csofecgdcep","title":"GDC Electrolyte Pellet for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECGDCEP","description":"\u003cp\u003eGDC (typically Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 or Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9) is favored over Yttria-stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) for operations between 500°C and 700°C due to its significantly higher ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn electrolyte-supported cells, the GDC pellet acts as the structural backbone (usually 150–500 um thick). The advantage is high oxygen ion (O2-) conductivity allows for lower ohmic resistance at reduced temperatures. While its challenge is In reducing atmospheres (anode side), Ce^{4+} can reduce to Ce^{3+}, introducing electronic conductivity. This creates an internal short circuit, lowering the Open Circuit Voltage (OCV).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC pellets are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECGDCEP (C-SOFEC-GDCEP)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eActive Powder\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocessz?variant=47458726510822\"\u003eGDC10\u003c\/a\u003e: (Gd\u003csub\u003e0.10\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.90\u003c\/sub\u003e)O\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/citsofecocegdc?variant=47458658975974\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGDC20\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan\u003e: (Gd\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.20\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCe\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.80\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)O\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e1.95\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eGDC Pellet Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) GDC10 Disk: D15 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) GDC10 Disk: D20 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) GDC20 Disk: D15 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(4) GDC20 Disk: D20 mm (T: ~5 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775315004127\"\u003eS. J. Kim, et al.,Effect of Ce0.43Zr0.43Gd0.1Y0.04O2−δ contact layer on stability of interface between GDC interlayer and YSZ electrolyte in solid oxide electrolysis cell, J. Power Source, 2015, 284, 617-622\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775314004030\"\u003eH. Fan, et al., Electrochemical performance and stability of lanthanum strontium cobalt ferrite oxygen electrode with gadolinia doped ceria barrier layer for reversible solid oxide fuel cell, J. Power Sources, 2014, 268, 634-639\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"SOCM","offers":[{"title":"GDC10 Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47466866311398,"sku":"CSOFECGDC10EPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC10 Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47466866344166,"sku":"CSOFECGDC10EPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 Disk: D15 mm","offer_id":47466866376934,"sku":"CSOFECGDC20EPD15","price":69.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"GDC20 Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47467063476454,"sku":"CSOFECGDC20EPD20","price":79.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECSSZEP_main.png?v=1773936923"},{"product_id":"csofecasbcnygl","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC\/LSC (D=20 or 25 mm) Anode Supported Button Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASBCNYGL","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis configuration represents a high-performance Anode-Supported Button Cell designed for intermediate temperatures. By using an LSC (Lanthanum Strontium Cobaltite) cathode with a GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) buffer layer, you are optimizing for high catalytic activity while managing chemical compatibility.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSC Cathode (20–50 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a kind of mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). LSC has much higher exchange current density than traditional LSM, allowing for operation at 550°C – 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASBCNYGL (C-SOFEC-ASBC-NYGL)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNi-YSZ (D=20 mm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSC (D=12.5 mm, T=12 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASBCNYGL_01_160x160.png?v=1773972530\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D20 mm","offer_id":47467082055910,"sku":"CSOFECASBCNYGLD20","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D25 mm","offer_id":47467082088678,"sku":"CSOFECASBCNYGLD25","price":449.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASBCNYGL_main.png?v=1773972519"},{"product_id":"csofecaspcnygl55","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC\/LSC (5cm * 5cm) Anode Supported Planar Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASPCNYGL55","description":"\u003cp\u003eTesting a planar anode-supported SOFC with this specific material stack (Ni-YSZ | YSZ | GDC | LSC) is a common benchmark for intermediate-temperature performance. The main challenges are sealing integrity, current collection uniformity, and thermal gradients across the larger surface area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSC Cathode (20–50 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is a kind of mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). LSC has much higher exchange current density than traditional LSM, allowing for operation at 550°C – 750°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASPCNYGL55 (C-SOFEC-ASPC-NYGL55)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiO-YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (5cm * 5 cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLSC (4cm * 4cm, T=12 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASPCNYGL55_02_160x160.png?v=1773978019\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanar Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47467368644838,"sku":"CSOFECASPCNYGL55","price":599.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASPCNYGL55_main.png?v=1773978010"},{"product_id":"csofecasnyg","title":"Ni-YSZ\/YSZ\/GDC (Button \u0026 Planar) Anode Support for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECASNYG","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis specific tri-layer structure (Ni-YSZ | YSZ | GDC) is the \"half-cell\" foundation for high-performance intermediate-temperature SOFCs. By stopping at the GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) layer, you have essentially created a protected electrolyte surface ready for the deposition of a Cobalt-based cathode (like LSC or LSCF).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary engineering challenge with this stack is maintaining the mechanical integrity of the thin functional layers atop the thick, porous support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Anode Support (~500–1000 um): \u003c\/strong\u003eIt\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003eprovides the mechanical integrity of the cell. Its porosity is usually 30-40% after reduction of NiO to Ni. It should note that the reduction step (typically 5% H2 in Ar or N2) is gradual to prevent micro-cracking of the thin electrolyte above it.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC pellets\u003c\/strong\u003e are frequently used as substrates to test the Area Specific Resistance (ASR) of new electrode materials (e.g., LSCF or SSC). By screen-printing the same electrode on both sides of a dense GDC pellet, you can use Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) to isolate electrode performance without the complexity of a full fuel cell.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYSZ Electrolyte (5–20 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It mainly act as a pure oxygen ion conductor with near-zero electronic conductivity. Even though GDC has higher conductivity, YSZ is used as the main electrolyte to prevent the \"electronic leak\" (internal short circuit) that occurs if GDC is exposed to the reducing atmosphere of the anode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eGDC Buffer Layer (1–5 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: It is mainly used to prevent the formation of SrZrO3. LSC and YSZ react at sintering temperatures (\u0026gt;900$°C) to form a highly resistive insulating layer. The GDC acts as a chemical barrier. It must be dense enough to block Sr diffusion but thin enough to keep ohmic resistance low.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECASNYG (C-SOFEC-AS-NYG)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNiO-YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=400 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8YSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGDC (5cm * 5 cm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASNYG_02_160x160.png?v=1773979216\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAnode Support Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Button Disk: D20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Button Disk: D25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Planar Sheet: 5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775306015862\"\u003eQ. L. Liu, et al., Anode-supported solid oxide fuel cell with yttria-stabilized zirconia\/gadolinia-doped ceria bilalyer electrolyte prepared by wet ceramic co-sintering process, J. Power Sources, 2006, 162, 1036-1042\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/fuce.201300158\"\u003eW. Wu, et al., Influence of Deposition Temperature of GDC Interlayer Deposited by RF Magnetron Sputtering on Anode-Supported SOFC, Fuel Cells., 2014, 14, 171-176\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Button Disk: D20 mm","offer_id":47467382866150,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGD50","price":369.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Button Disk: D25 mm","offer_id":47467382898918,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGD25","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"Planar Sheet: 5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47467382931686,"sku":"CSOFECASNYGS55","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECASNYG_main.png?v=1773979143"},{"product_id":"csofecesbcnc","title":"NextCell (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Button Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESBCNC","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe standard NextCell configuration is designed for stability and reproducibility, particularly in the 750°C – 850°C range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSupport:\u003c\/b\u003e 150 um thick \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"24\"\u003eHionic™\u003c\/b\u003e (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia). It is ~4x stronger than standard YSZ-8, allowing it to survive the mechanical clamping of test fixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eAnode:\u003c\/b\u003e Typically a multi-layer \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"31\"\u003eNiO-GDC \/ NiO-YSZ\u003c\/b\u003e (~50 um).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eCathode:\u003c\/b\u003e Standard NextCells use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"32\"\u003eLSM\/LSM-GDC\u003c\/b\u003e, while the \"HP\" (High Performance) versions often use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"98\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/b\u003e or \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"106\"\u003eLSC\u003c\/b\u003e for better low-temperature activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eActive Area:\u003c\/b\u003e Usually 1.25 cm² on a 20 mm or 25 mm diameter disk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eSince the anode contains Nickel Oxide (NiO), it must be reduced to Nickel (Ni) to become electrochemically active.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"13\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eHeat Up:\u003c\/b\u003e Ramp at \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\"\u003e2°C\/min\u003c\/b\u003e to 800°C in stagnant air or flowing \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e (on the anode side) and Air (on the cathode side).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eReduction:\u003c\/b\u003e * Once at 800°C, introduce a dilute fuel mix (e.g., 5% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"66\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e in \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,0,0\"\u003eHold for 30–60 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,1,0\"\u003eGradually increase to 100% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"27\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e (typically humidified with 3% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2O\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eH2O\u003c\/span\u003e via a bubbler at 25°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eOCV Check:\u003c\/b\u003e A healthy NextCell at 800°C with 100% wet \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"53\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e should yield an \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eOCV of ~1.1 V\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESBCNC (C-aSOFEC-ESBC-NC)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (D=12.5 mm, T=~130-170um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=3 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode: LSM\/LSM-GDC (D=12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESBCNC_02_160x160.png?v=1773980683\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D20 mm","offer_id":47467386241254,"sku":"CSOFECESBCNCD20","price":279.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D25 mm","offer_id":47467386274022,"sku":"CSOFECESBCNCD25","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESBCNC_main.png?v=1773980683"},{"product_id":"csofecespcnc55","title":"NextCell (5cm * 5cm) Electrolyte Supported Planar Cell for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESPCNC55","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe standard NextCell configuration is designed for stability and reproducibility, particularly in the 750°C – 850°C range.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eSupport:\u003c\/b\u003e 150 um thick \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"24\"\u003eHionic™\u003c\/b\u003e (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia). It is ~4x stronger than standard YSZ-8, allowing it to survive the mechanical clamping of test fixtures.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eAnode:\u003c\/b\u003e Typically a multi-layer \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"31\"\u003eNiO-GDC \/ NiO-YSZ\u003c\/b\u003e (~50 um).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eCathode:\u003c\/b\u003e Standard NextCells use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"32\"\u003eLSM\/LSM-GDC\u003c\/b\u003e, while the \"HP\" (High Performance) versions often use \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"98\"\u003eLSCF\u003c\/b\u003e or \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"106\"\u003eLSC\u003c\/b\u003e for better low-temperature activity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"4,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eActive Area:\u003c\/b\u003e Usually 1.25 cm² on a 20 mm or 25 mm diameter disk.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003eSince the anode contains Nickel Oxide (NiO), it must be reduced to Nickel (Ni) to become electrochemically active.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"13\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eHeat Up:\u003c\/b\u003e Ramp at \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"17\"\u003e2°C\/min\u003c\/b\u003e to 800°C in stagnant air or flowing \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e (on the anode side) and Air (on the cathode side).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eReduction:\u003c\/b\u003e * Once at 800°C, introduce a dilute fuel mix (e.g., 5% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"66\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e in \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"N_2\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eN2\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,0,0\"\u003eHold for 30–60 minutes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,1,1,1,0\"\u003eGradually increase to 100% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"27\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e (typically humidified with 3% \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2O\" data-index-in-node=\"61\"\u003eH2O\u003c\/span\u003e via a bubbler at 25°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"\u003e\u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\"\u003eOCV Check:\u003c\/b\u003e A healthy NextCell at 800°C with 100% wet \u003cspan class=\"math-inline\" data-math=\"H_2\" data-index-in-node=\"53\"\u003eH2\u003c\/span\u003e should yield an \u003cb data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"73\"\u003eOCV of ~1.1 V\u003c\/b\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESPCNC55 (C-SOFEC-ESPC-NC55)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (4cm * 4cm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (5cm * 5cm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode: LSM\/LSM-GDC (4cm * 4cm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPCNC55_02_160x160.png?v=1773985255\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePlanar Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5cm * 5cm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47467422777574,"sku":"CSOFECESPCNC55","price":499.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESPCNC55_main.png?v=1773985255"},{"product_id":"csofecesanns","title":"Ni-GDC\/Ni-YSZ\/SSZ (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Anode for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESANNS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis specific configuration is a high-performance Electrolyte-Supported Cell (ESC), likely utilizing a Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia (SSZ) membrane. By layering Ni-GDC and Ni-YSZ on the anode side, you are creating a functionally graded electrode designed to maximize triple-phase boundaries (TPB) while maintaining mechanical adhesion to the SSZ support.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSZ Electrolyte Support (~150–200 um)\u003c\/strong\u003e: The active material is Sc0.1Zr0.9O{2-x} (10ScSZ) or similar. Scandia-stabilized zirconia offers the highest ionic conductivity of all zirconia-based electrolytes. It allows for a thicker, more robust support than YSZ while maintaining lower ohmic resistance at 700°C–800°C.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-YSZ Intermediate Anode Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: Since YSZ and SSZ have very similar thermal expansion coefficients (TEC), this layer acts as a mechanical bridge. It provides a stable framework for the nickel catalyst and ensures the anode doesn't delaminate from the SSZ support during thermal cycling.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNi-GDC Active Anode Layer\u003c\/strong\u003e: GDC (Gadolinium-doped Ceria) is a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) in reducing atmospheres. By placing Ni-GDC at the \"active\" interface (closest to the fuel or as the outermost layer), you extend the triple-phase boundary beyond just the physical contact points of Ni and Electrolyte, significantly reducing activation polarization.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESANNS (C-SOFEC-ESA-NNS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnode with Bilayers: NiO-GDC\/NiO-YSZ (D-12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESANNS_02_160x160.png?v=1773986817\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D=20 mm","offer_id":47467467112678,"sku":"CSOFECESANNSD20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D=25 mm","offer_id":47467467145446,"sku":"CSOFECESANNSD25","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESANNS_main.png?v=1773986817"},{"product_id":"csofecesclls","title":"LSM\/LSM-GDC\/SSZ (D=20 or 25 mm) Electrolyte Supported Cathode for SOFC\/SOEC Test, CSOFECESCLLS","description":"\u003cp\u003eThis configuration is a classic Electrolyte-Supported Cell (ESC) cathode functional gradient. By using a composite LSM-GDC layer between the SSZ (Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia) electrolyte and the pure LSM (Lanthanum Strontium Manganite) current collector, you are addressing the primary weakness of LSM: its limited ionic conductivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSSZ Electrolyte (Support): \u003c\/strong\u003eThe active material is typically 10Sc1CeSZ or 10Sc1AlSZ (150–200 um). SSZ provides superior oxygen ion conductivity compared to YSZ at 700°C–850°C. SSZ can be reactive with Strontium-containing cathodes. While LSM is less reactive than LSCF, the interface still needs careful thermal management during sintering.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSM-GDC Composite (Active Functional Layer):\u003c\/strong\u003e LSM is primarily an electronic conductor with poor oxygen ion porosity. By mixing it with GDC (an ionic conductor), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can happen throughout the bulk of this layer rather than just at the 2D interface of the electrolyte. Unlike YSZ, GDC does not readily form the insulating SrZrO3 phase when in contact with LSM, making it an excellent \"bridge\" material.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp data-path-to-node=\"12\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLSM (Current Collection Layer)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Its role is mainly to provides a high-conductivity path for electrons from the external circuit (mesh\/interconnect) to the active sites. This layer is usually coarser and more porous than the functional layer to allow easy O2 gas diffusion to the active interface.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCSOFECESCLLS (C-SOFEC-ESC-LLS)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCell Composition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCathode with Bilayers: LSM\/LSM-GDC (D-12.5 mm, T=~50 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: SSZ (D=20 mm, T=~130-170 um)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESCLLS_02_160x160.png?v=1773987839\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eButton Cell Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) D=20 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) D=25 mm\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 14.9281%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 84.7122%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1 pcs\/pack (bulk quantity can be supplied upon request and certain discount will be applied)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0167273816000047\"\u003eZ. Drach, et al., Impedance spectroscopy analysis inspired by evolutionary programming as a diagnostic tool for SOEC and SOFC, Solid State Ionics, 2016, 288, 307-310\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/10301.0067ecst\/meta\"\u003eN. Q. Minh, et al., Sputtered Thin-Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, ECS Trans., 2021, 103 67\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"FCM","offers":[{"title":"D=20 mm","offer_id":47467476058342,"sku":"CSOFECESCLLSD20","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"D=25 mm","offer_id":47467476091110,"sku":"CSOFECESCLLSD25","price":249.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECESCLLS_main.png?v=1773987840"},{"product_id":"cltsofecpcebzcyyb","title":"BZCYYb Powder as Proton-Conducting Electrolyte for Low Temperature SOFC\/SOEC, 50 g\/bottle, CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb","description":"\u003cp\u003eBZCYYb (BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O(3-x) is widely regarded as the current gold standard for Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells (PCECs). This material succeeds by balancing the high proton conductivity of cerates with the chemical stability of zirconates, further enhanced by the co-doping of Yttrium (Y) and Ytterbium (Yb). \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBZCYYb is a \"best of both worlds\" electrolyte. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eHigh Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Cerium (Ce) content ensures high proton conductivity at lower temperatures compared to zirconates. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eChemical Stability\u003c\/strong\u003e: The Zirconium (Zr) and Ytterbium (Yb) content provides the lattice with resistance against CO2 and H2O (steam) degradation, which is the Achilles' heel of pure cerates. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eTriple Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: In certain conditions, it can conduct protons (H+), oxygen ions (O^{2-}), and holes (h'), making it a \"triple-conducting\" electrolyte that is highly efficient for reversible operation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"height: 201.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb (C-LTSOFEC-PCE-BZCYYb)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e≥99.5%\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) BZCYYb1711 (\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan class=\"title-text\"\u003eBaZr\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eCe\u003csub\u003e0.7\u003c\/sub\u003eY\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eYb\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003eO\u003csub\u003e3−\u003cem\u003eδ\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) BZCYYb4411 (BaZr\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eCe\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.4\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eY\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eYb\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e0.1\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003eO\u003csmall\u003e\u003csub\u003e3−\u003cem\u003eδ\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/small\u003e)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePowder Size \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(1) Nanosize: ~500 nm\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) Micro-Size: ~2-5 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAddition\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1 wt% NiO will be beneficial to sintering\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eXRD\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_03_XRD_160x160.png?v=1774032103\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e  \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_04_XRD_160x160.png?v=1774032102\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e50 g\/bottle (other grades, such as 100 g, and 500 g or larger can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775313000190\"\u003eN. T. Q. Nguyen, et al., Preparation and evaluation of BaZr0.1Ce0.7Y0.1Yb0.1O3−δ (BZCYYb) electrolyte and BZCYYb-based solid oxide fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 2013, 231, 213-218\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2021\/ee\/d1ee01497h\/unauth\"\u003eM. Choi, et al., Exceptionally high performance of protonic ceramic fuel cells with stoichiometric electrolytes, Energy Environ. Sci., 2021,14, 6476-6483\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"GNTC","offers":[{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Nanopowder","offer_id":47468988629222,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711N","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Nanopowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468988661990,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711NNO","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Micropowder","offer_id":47468993151206,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711M","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb1711 Micropowder  + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993183974,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb1711MNO","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Nanopowder","offer_id":47468993216742,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411N","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Nanopowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993249510,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411NNO","price":179.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Micropowder","offer_id":47468993282278,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411M","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"BZCYYb4411 Micropowder + 1 wt% NiO","offer_id":47468993315046,"sku":"CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb4411MNO","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CLTSOFECPCEBZCYYb_main.png?v=1774027324"},{"product_id":"csofecbctf","title":"SOFC\/SOEC Button Cell (D=15-25 mm) Test Fixture, CSOFECBCTF","description":"\u003cp\u003eA button cell test fixture (or \"test rig\") is the central piece of hardware for evaluating the electrochemical performance of single-cell SOFC\/SOEC samples. It provides the necessary atmosphere control, electrical connectivity, and temperature stability required for I-V curves and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA standard fixture consists of four primary subsystems: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eManifold\/Housing\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically made of high-purity Alumina (Al2O3) to prevent chromium poisoning from stainless steel at high temperatures (\u0026gt;700°C). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSealing Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses springs to push the cell against a Gold or Silver O-ring or a mineral gasket. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eGlass\/Ceramic\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses a specialized glass sealant that melts to create a hermetic seal between the fuel and air chambers. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Platinum, Gold, or Silver meshes and wires that press against the electrodes to extract current. (5) \u003cstrong\u003eGas Delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e: Inner and outer tubes that deliver precisely metered gases (e.g., humidified H2, CO2, or Air) directly to the electrode surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCSOFECBCTF (C-SOFEC-BCTF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTest Fixture Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe whole cell was made of alumina ceramic material without any risk of metal contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSpring compression part was designed for wrong position installation and ensure the cell tightness.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_04_160x160.png?v=1774036461\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy assemble\/disassemble with electrode\/electrolyte and conveniently placed inside the specific oven.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e           \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_03_160x160.png?v=1774036397\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplete accessories, such as current\/voltage terminal, thermocouple terminal, and gas inlet\/outlet ports. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Specifications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle Cell Size: 10-25 mm (Round or Square disk)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell Fixture Dimension: W52 mm * D52 mm * H55 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e            \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_02_160x160.png?v=1774035850\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow: Max. 1 L\/min\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Inlet\/Outlet Port: φ 6 mm quick plug type\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePt Voltage Wire (φ 0.3mm); Pt Current Wire (φ 0.5mm); R-type thermocouple. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTypical Test Results\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e  \u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_05_160x160.png?v=1774036762\"\u003e \u003cimg style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_06_160x160.png?v=1774036762\"\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFurnace \u0026amp; Temperature Control Integration (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Furnace and temperature control can be integrated with the operando test cell (\u003cspan\u003eavailable upon request\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_07_160x160.png?v=1774080869\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe inner size of furnace: W120 * D150 * H150 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe furnace external size: W280 * D310 * H340 mm\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFour-side heating mode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK-type thermocouple\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1149\/05701.3261ecst\/meta\"\u003eM. Shiraki, et al., Efficiency Calculations for SOFC\/SOEC Reversible System and Evaluations of Performances of Button-Size Anode-Supported Cell, ECS Trans., 2013, 57, 3261\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/energy-research\/articles\/10.3389\/fenrg.2023.1278203\/full\"\u003eC. M. Priest, et al., Challenges in practical button cell testing for hydrogen production from high temperature electrolysis of water, Front. Energy Res., 2023, 11, DOI: 10.3389\/fenrg.2023.1278203\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HZYQN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47469362282726,"sku":"CSOFECBCTF","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_main.png?v=1774035768"},{"product_id":"csofecpctf","title":"SOFC\/SOEC Planar Cell (5cm * 5cm or 10cm * 10cm) Test Fixture, CSOFECPCTF","description":"\u003cp\u003eTesting planar SOFC\/SOEC cells (such as the 5x5 cm or 10x10 cm formats) moves beyond material characterization and into the realm of system engineering. Unlike button cells, which are often \"electrolyte-supported\" for strength, planar tests are frequently anode-supported (ASC) and require sophisticated manifolding to manage gas distribution and thermal gradients over a large active area.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA standard fixture consists of four primary subsystems: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eManifold\/Housing\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically made of high-purity Alumina (Al2O3) to prevent chromium poisoning from stainless steel at high temperatures (\u0026gt;700°C). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSealing Mechanism\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses springs to push the cell against a Gold or Silver O-ring or a mineral gasket. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eGlass\/Ceramic\u003c\/strong\u003e: Uses a specialized glass sealant that melts to create a hermetic seal between the fuel and air chambers. (4) \u003cstrong\u003eCurrent Collectors\u003c\/strong\u003e: Platinum, Gold, or Silver meshes and wires that press against the electrodes to extract current. (5) \u003cstrong\u003eGas Delivery\u003c\/strong\u003e: Inner and outer tubes that deliver precisely metered gases (e.g., humidified H2, CO2, or Air) directly to the electrode surfaces.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCSOFECPCTF (C-SOFEC-PCTF)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTest Fixture Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe whole cell was made of alumina ceramic material without any risk of metal contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCeramic spring compression part was designed for cell tightness.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy assemble\/disassemble with electrode\/electrolyte and conveniently placed inside the specific oven.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e           \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECPCTF_03_160x160.png?v=1774046262\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplete accessories, such as current\/voltage terminal, thermocouple terminal, and gas inlet\/outlet ports. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Specifications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle Cell Size: 5cm * 5cm or 10cm * 10cm (square sheet)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell Fixture Size: W82 * D82 * H45 mm for 5cm*5cm cell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                                     W130 * D130 * H49 mm for 10cm* 10cm cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow: Max. 2 L\/min for 5cm*5cm; 3 L\/min for 10cm*10cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Inlet\/Outlet Port: φ 6 mm quick plug type\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePt Voltage Wire (φ 0.5mm); Pt Current Wire (φ 0.5mm); R-type thermocouple. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Temperature Ceramic Sealant and Spring\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFurnace \u0026amp; Temperature Control Integration (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Furnace and temperature control can be integrated with the operando test cell (\u003cspan\u003eavailable upon request\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e            \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECBCTF_07_160x160.png?v=1774080869\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe inner size of furnace: W120 * D150 * H150 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe furnace external size: W280 * D310 * H340 mm\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFour-side heating mode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK-type thermocouple\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0360319918326430\"\u003eY. J. Kim, et al., Evaluation of the thermal and structural stability of planar anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells using a 10 × 10 cm2 single-cell test, I. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2019, 44, 5517-5529\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617325422\"\u003eY. Yan, et al., Performance and degradation of an SOEC stack with different cell components, Electrochimica Acta, 2017, 258, 11, 1254-1261\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HZYQN","offers":[{"title":"5cm * 5cm","offer_id":47470472397030,"sku":"CSOFECPCTF55","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10cm * 10cm","offer_id":47470472429798,"sku":"CSOFECPCTF1010","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECPCTF_main.png?v=1774045870"},{"product_id":"csofecoticpcqw","title":"SOFC\/SOEC Planar Cell (5cm * 5cm or 10cm * 10cm) with Quartz Window for Operando Thermal Imaging Characterization, CSOFECOTICPCQW","description":"\u003cp\u003eAdvanced operando thermal imaging of planar SOFCs represents the frontier of electro-thermal characterization in the past few years. By integrating a quartz optical window into the test fixture, researchers can visualize real-time temperature gradients, hotspots, and redox dynamics that are otherwise invisible to standard thermocouples.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDesigning a planar fixture with optical access requires balancing hermeticity (gas-tightness) with transparency. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eQuartz Window Selection\u003c\/strong\u003e: Synthetic quartz or sapphire is used for its high transmissivity (\u0026gt;90%) in the 1.0 – 5.0 um range, which aligns with the mid-infrared (MWIR) cameras typically used for high-temperature thermography. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eWindow Placement\u003c\/strong\u003e: The window is usually integrated into the cathode manifold, allowing a direct line-of-sight to the electrode surface. This requires specialized high-temperature seals (e.g., gold gaskets or custom glass-ceramic) to prevent air from leaking into the fuel stream or cooling the cell surface prematurely. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eReflectivity \u0026amp; Emissivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: Since ceramics like LSM or LSC have high emissivity (~0.95-0.98), they are ideal for IR imaging. However, metallic components (interconnects) have low emissivity and can act as mirrors, reflecting the furnace elements. Proper emissivity correction is the most critical step in data post-processing.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable width=\"100%\" style=\"height: 201.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCSOFECOTICPCQW (C-SOFEC-OTIC-PCQW)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTest Fixture Features\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe whole cell was made of alumina ceramic material without any risk of metal contamination\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCeramic spring compression part was designed for cell tightness.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEasy assemble\/disassemble with electrode\/electrolyte and conveniently placed inside the specific oven.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eComplete accessories, such as current\/voltage terminal, thermocouple terminal, and gas inlet\/outlet ports. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMain Specifications\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%; height: 39.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSingle Cell Size: 5cm * 5cm or 10cm * 10cm (square sheet)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCell Fixture Size: W90 * D90 * H46 mm for 5cm*5cm cell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                                     W148 * D148 * H46 mm for 10cm* 10cm cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuartz Window: 40mm*40mm for 5cm*5cm cell\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e                                      80mm*80mm for 10cm*10cm cell\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Flow: Max. 2 L\/min for 5cm*5cm; 3 L\/min for 10cm*10cm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eGas Inlet\/Outlet Port: φ 6 mm quick plug type\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePt\/Ag Voltage Wire (φ 0.5mm\/φ 1.5mm); Pt\/Ag Current Wire (φ 0.5mm\/φ 1.5mm); R-type thermocouple (φ 0.3mm). \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHigh Temperature Ceramic Sealant and Spring\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFurnace \u0026amp; Temperature Control Integration (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eOptional\u003c\/span\u003e)\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Furnace and temperature control can be integrated with the operando test cell (\u003cspan style=\"color: rgb(255, 42, 0);\"\u003eavailable upon request\u003c\/span\u003e).\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e          \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECOTICPCQW_02_160x160.png?v=1774076358\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe inner size of furnace: W120 * D150 * H150 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe furnace external size: W280 * D310 * H340 mm\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eObservation Port was on the furnace side. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMax. Temperature: 900 °C\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFour-side heating mode\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eK-type thermocouple\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 17.9856%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eThermal Imaging Results\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 81.6547%;\"\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnode: humidified 3% H2, 1000 mL\/min; Cathode: 2000 mL\/min (whole cell is under normal operation)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e            \u003cimg style=\"float: none;\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECOTICPCQW_03_160x160.png?v=1774159871\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnode: humidified 3% H2, 500 mL\/min; Cathode: 1000 mL\/min (S\/C is too low, which cause cracks on the electrode surface during reforming reaction inside SOFC)\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e           \u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECOTICPCQW_03_160x160.png?v=1774159871\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775309011471\"\u003eM. B. Pomfret, et al., Thermal imaging of solid oxide fuel cell anode processes, J. Power Source, 2010, 195, 257-262\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0013468617325422\"\u003eD.J.L. Brett, et al., Application of infrared thermal imaging to the study of pellet solid oxide fuel cells, J. Power Sources, 2017, 258, 11, 1254-1261\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"HZYQN","offers":[{"title":"5cm * 5cm (4cm*4cm quartz window)","offer_id":47470477410534,"sku":"CSOFECOTICPCQW55","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"10cm * 10cm (8cm*8cm quartz window)","offer_id":47470477443302,"sku":"CSOFECOTICPCQW1010","price":8888888.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSOFECOTICPCQW_main.png?v=1774076346"}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/collections\/CSOFECBCTF_07.png?v=1776801464","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/collections\/soec-and-sofc.oembed","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}