{"product_id":"cbco2rreapds","title":"PDS (Phenyl disulfide, \u003e99.0%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for Battery and CO2RR, CBCO2RREAPDS","description":"\u003cp\u003ePhenyl disulfide (also known as Diphenyl disulfide, Ph2S2) is an organosulfur compound that has emerged as a dual-purpose additive in carbon-based energy systems. In both CO2 reduction and Li-CO2 batteries, it functions primarily as a redox mediator and surface modifier, though its specific role shifts depending on the electrochemical environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs for \u003cstrong\u003eLi-S batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e, phenyl disulfide acts as a chemical \"scissor\" to manage the \"shuttle effect\" and the sluggish kinetics of solid-state conversion. (1) \u003cstrong\u003eCleaving Polysulfides\u003c\/strong\u003e: Ph2S2 can undergo an exchange reaction with long-chain lithium polysulfides (Li2Sn). It cleaves the large molecules into smaller, more soluble organosulfur fragments (PhSnLi). (2) \u003cstrong\u003eImproving Kinetics\u003c\/strong\u003e: By converting solid Li2S or Li2S2 into more soluble organolithium thiolates, it reduces the \"dead sulfur\" that typically accumulates on the cathode, improving capacity and rate performance. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eLowering Viscosity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The resulting organosulfur species often lead to a less viscous electrolyte compared to one saturated with inorganic polysulfides, facilitating faster ion transport.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLi-CO2 Batteries\u003c\/strong\u003e: As for Li-CO2 batteries, the primary challenge is the slow kinetics of the discharge product formation (Li2CO3) and its subsequent decomposition during charging. Phenyl disulfide acts as a Redox Mediator (RM). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eDischarge (Oxygen\/CO2 Reduction)\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phenyl disulfide can help stabilize superoxide-like intermediates in the electrolyte. This promotes a solution-mediated pathway for the formation of Li2CO3, leading to large, crystalline discharge products rather than a thin, insulating film that \"chokes\" the cathode. (2) Charge (Oxygen\/CO2 Evolution): The most critical role of Ph2S2 in Li-CO2 batteries is reducing the massive charging overpotential (often \u0026gt;4.0 V). The disulfide can be electrochemically oxidized at the cathode to form a radical cation or a thiosulfonate species. This oxidized species then chemically reacts with the solid Li2CO3 to decompose it, effectively acting as a \"chemical catalyst\" that lowers the voltage required to \"clean\" the cathode.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eElectrochemical CO2 Reduction (CO2RR)\u003c\/strong\u003e: In aqueous or organic CO2RR, phenyl disulfide is used to tune the selectivity of transition metal catalysts, particularly Copper (Cu) and Silver (Ag). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eS-Metal Interaction\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phenyl disulfide can undergo reductive cleavage of the S-S bond at the cathode, forming thiolate species (PhS-) that chemisorb strongly onto the catalyst surface. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Selective Poisoning\u003c\/strong\u003e: This adsorbed layer \"poisons\" the active sites usually responsible for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). By suppressing H2 production, the Faradaic Efficiency (FE) for carbon products (like CO or HCOO-) is significantly increased. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eElectronic Effects\u003c\/strong\u003e: The sulfur atoms modify the d-band center of the metal catalyst. In some copper-based systems, this has been shown to stabilize the *CO intermediate, favoring C-C coupling and promoting the formation of Ethylene (C2H4).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 373px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCBCO2RREAPDS (C-BCO2RR-EA-PDS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e882-33-7\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 154px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSSC\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e6\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003cspan\u003eH\u003c\/span\u003e\u003csub\u003e5\u003c\/sub\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RRLCBEAPDS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1772004175\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 55.2px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 33.8px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.0%\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e218.34 g\/mol\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Size\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle (250g, 1 kg, and 5 kg also can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: Please try to store the PDS powder in the dry place. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/aenm.201900453\"\u003eR. Pipes, et al. Phenyl Disulfide Additive for Solution-Mediated Carbon Dioxide Utilization in Li–CO2 Batteries, Adv Energy Mater., 2019, 9, 1900453\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775320312660\"\u003eX. Zhang, et al. Promoting the conversion of Li2S by functional additives phenyl diselenide in Lithium–Sulfur batteries, J. Power Sources, 2021, 482, 228967\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/o9\/d4ee04739g\/unauth\"\u003eX. Li. Hoang, et al., Exploiting thiolate\/disulfide redox couples toward large-scale electrochemical carbon dioxide capture and release, Energy Environ. Sci., 2025,18, 2584-2598\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47384460624102,"sku":"CBCO2RREAPDS","price":59.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CBCO2RREAPDS_main.png?v=1772004970","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/cbco2rreapds","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}