{"product_id":"cco2rreappts","title":"PPTS (Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate, \u003e98%) Powder as Electrolyte Additive for CO2 Electroreduction (CO2RR), CCO2RREAPPTS","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn electrochemical CO2 reduction (CO2RR), Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS, also named as Pyridine p-toluenesulfonate) is a specialized electrolyte additive primarily used to enhance the production of formic acid (formate) or syngas by acting as a proton relay and surface modifier. While less common than imidazolium-based ionic liquids, PPTS is valued for its ability to manage the local proton concentration at the cathode surface, which is critical for steering selectivity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePPTS consists of a pyridinium cation ([PyH]+) and a p-toluenesulfonate (tosylate) anion ([OTs]-). (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSurface-Bound Proton Donor\u003c\/strong\u003e: The pyridinium cation can adsorb onto the catalyst surface. Because the nitrogen-bound hydrogen is acidic (pKa ~5.2), the cation acts as a local proton relay. It provides protons for the multi-step reduction of CO2 more efficiently than bulk water molecules. (2)\u003cstrong\u003e Intermediate Stabilization\u003c\/strong\u003e: The [PyH]+ cation can interact electrostatically with the negatively charged CO2'- radical or the *COOH intermediate. This interaction lowers the activation energy for the formation of C-H bonds, which is the rate-determining step for formic acid production. (3) \u003cstrong\u003eHER Suppression\u003c\/strong\u003e: The bulky tosylate anion and the pyridinium ring can partially block the electrode surface, displacing water molecules from the inner Helmholtz plane. This \"hydrophobic shielding\" reduces the rate of the competing Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tosylate anion is not just a spectator; it contributes to the overall stability and effectiveness of the additive: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eSolubility and Conductivity\u003c\/strong\u003e: The tosylate group ensures the salt is highly soluble in both water and organic solvents (like acetonitrile), which is useful for non-aqueous CO2 reduction. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eNon-Interfering Anion\u003c\/strong\u003e: Unlike halides (Cl-, I-), the tosylate anion has a low tendency to specifically adsorb and poison the catalyst surface, making the electrochemical results \"cleaner\" and easier to interpret.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCCO2RREAPPTS (C-CO2RR-EA-PPTS)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e24057-28-1\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eChemical Formula\/Structure\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003eC12H13NO3S\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPPTS_molecular_structure_160x160.png?v=1771877754\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhite powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolecular Weight\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e251.30\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFunction Group\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTosylate\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Cu Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuppresses C2+ products.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Ag Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShifts toward CO or Formate.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePPTS on Bi Catalyst\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnhances Formic Acid (HCOO-).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g\/bottle (other package sizes, such as 100 g, 500 g, 1 kg can be supplied upon request)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/anie.202216102\"\u003eW. Nie, et al., Organic Additive-derived Films on Cu Electrodes Promote Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to C2+ Products Under Strongly Acidic Conditions, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2023, 62, e202216102\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/cc\/c5cc06961k\/unauth\"\u003eMurugavel Kathiresan, et al., Ionic liquids as an electrolyte for the electro synthesis of organic compounds, Chem. Commun., 2015,51, 17499-17516\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00696\"\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0376738820310255\"\u003e.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47379486245094,"sku":"CCO2RREAPPTS","price":49.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CCO2RREAPPTS_main.png?v=1771878487","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/cco2rreappts","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}