{"product_id":"csibahc","title":"Hard Carbon Powder for Na-Ion Battery Anode, 100-500 g\/bottle, CSIBAHC","description":"\u003cp\u003eHard carbon is a non-graphitizable, amorphous material. Its structure is highly disordered and random, which creates larger interlayer spacing and internal micropores for ion-intercalation and migration.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sodium storage is described as the following three-step \"adsorption-intercalation-filling\" mechanism:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1) Adsorption (High Voltage): Sodium ions first attach (adsorb) to the surfaces and defect sites on the hard carbon particles.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) Intercalation (Sloping Voltage): The ions then slide in between the disordered graphitic layers, similar to how lithium enters graphite but in a more chaotic environment.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(3) Pore-Filling (Low Voltage): Finally, the ions cluster together and fill the material's internal nanopores. This step is responsible for a large portion of hard carbon's high capacity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTherefore, Hard carbon delivers a high reversible capacity, often in the range of 300-400 mAh\/g, which is even higher than graphite's theoretical capacity for lithium (372 mAh\/g).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 55.2px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCSIBAHC (C-SIB-A-HC)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c\/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003eParticle Size Distribution\u003c\/em\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eD50 = 7.1 um\u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eTap Density\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%; height: 19.6px;\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e0.88 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSpecific Area\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e3.87 m2\/g\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFirst Discharging Capacity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e~298 mAh\/g\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/C-SIB-A-HC-Charge-Dsicharge.jpg?v=1762794036\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/C-SIB-A-HC-Charge-Dsicharge_160x160.jpg?v=1762794036\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eElectrolyte: 1.0M NaClO4 in EC:DEC=1:1 vol% with 5%FEC\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eFirst Columbic Efficiency\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e~88%\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCycling Stability \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/C-SIB-A-HC-Cycling_Stability.jpg?v=1762794035\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/C-SIB-A-HC-Cycling_Stability_160x160.jpg?v=1762794035\" alt=\"\" style=\"margin-bottom: 16px; float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 33.6331%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 66.0072%;\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: left;\"\u003e100 g, 200 g, and 500 g\/bottle\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNotes\u003c\/strong\u003e: (1) Please store the hard carbon powder in a dry area (glovebox is preferred); \u003c\/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003e(2) The battery powder is highly recommended to be dried at 80-100°C in a vacuum oven for 6-12 h before use. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e: \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.chemmater.8b00645\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eZ. Li, et al. Defective Hard Carbon Anode for Na-Ion Batteries, Chem. Mater., 2018, 30, 4536–4542\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2014\/ta\/c4ta02068e\/unauth\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eK. Hong, et al. Biomass derived hard carbon used as a high performance anode material for sodium ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 12733-12738\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e","brand":"Echem Supplies","offers":[{"title":"100 g","offer_id":47896557093094,"sku":"CSIBAHC100","price":89.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"200 g","offer_id":47896557125862,"sku":"CSIBAHC200","price":169.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"500 g","offer_id":47896557158630,"sku":"CSIBAHC500","price":299.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CSIBAHC.png?v=1763455169","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/csibahc","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}