{"product_id":"cvrfbae","title":"Aqueous Electrolyte (1.7 M, V3.5+) for Long-Life Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, 500 mL\/bottle, CVRFBAE","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB), the electrolyte is unique because it utilizes the same element—vanadium—in four different oxidation states across both the positive and negative halves of the cell. This design eliminates the risk of cross-contamination that plagues other flow battery chemistries. The standard VRFB electrolyte consists of vanadium ions dissolved in a supporting acid solution: (1) \u003cstrong\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/strong\u003e: Typically ranges from 1.5 M to 2.0 M for commercial applications to balance energy density and stability. (2) \u003cstrong\u003eSupporting Electrolyte\u003c\/strong\u003e: Usually 3.0 M to 5.0 M Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4). (3) \u003cstrong\u003eAdditives\u003c\/strong\u003e: Phosphoric acid or other stabilizers are often added in small quantities to prevent the vanadium from precipitating out of the solution at high temperatures (above 40°C).\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 192.637px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 40.2375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBAE (C-VRFB-AE)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlack (or dark blue) solution\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eDensity\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e1.38 g\/cm3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eVanadium Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%; height: 35.6px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1.7 mol\/L\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAverage Vanadium Valence State\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e+3.5\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eSulfate Ion Concentration\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e4.2 mol\/L\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 35.0575%;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.7626%;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e500 mL\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S037877531102283X\"\u003eX. Ma, et al., An optimal strategy of electrolyte flow rate for vanadium redox flow battery, J. Power Sources, 2012, 203, 153-158\u003c\/a\u003e. \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S1364032116309340\"\u003eC. Choi, et al., A review of vanadium electrolytes for vanadium redox flow batteries, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2017, 69, 263-274\u003c\/a\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"ZHCN","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":47309480722662,"sku":"CVRFBAE","price":99.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBAE_main.png?v=1769796005","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/cvrfbae","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}