{"product_id":"cvrfbesvoso4","title":"Vanadyl Sulfate Hydrate (VOSO4 · xH2O, \u003e99.9%) as Electrolyte Salt for Vanadium Redox Flow Battery, 50-200 g\/bottle, CVRFBESVOSO4","description":"\u003cp\u003eVanadyl Sulfate Hydrate (VOSO4 * H2O) is the standard high-purity precursor salt used to formulate the aqueous electrolyte in all-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). Dissolved in sulfuric or mixed-acid media, it provides the tetravalent vanadium (V^IV, VO^{2+}) needed to establish both the positive and negative active electrolytes.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA VRFB exploits four continuous oxidation states of vanadium, eliminating cross-contamination across the ion-exchange membrane (e.g., Nafion): \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cimg src=\"https:\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBESVOSO4_02_160x160.jpg?v=1788799582\" alt=\"\" style=\"float: none;\"\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003eBecause commercial VOSO4 contains purely V^{IV}, starting a battery from this salt requires an initial electrochemical conditioning step to produce a balanced, symmetrical 50\/50 system (V^{3.5+} average valence).\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: start;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003ctable style=\"width: 100%; height: 289.038px;\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 51.35px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 51.35px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePart Number\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 51.35px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCVRFBESVOSO4 (C-VRFB-ES-VOSO4)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eCAS\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e123334-20-3\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eAppearance\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBlue or green blue powder\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMolar Mass \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e163.00 g\/mol (anhydrous basis)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePurity \u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e\u0026gt;99.9% (impurity\u0026lt;200 ppm)\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003eMelt Point\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 45.5375px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e~105 °C\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr style=\"height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 34.9501%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\u003cem\u003ePackage Grade\u003c\/em\u003e\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003ctd style=\"width: 64.729%; height: 10px;\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003e50 g, 100 g, and 200 g\/bottle\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/td\u003e\n\u003c\/tr\u003e\n\u003c\/tbody\u003e\n\u003c\/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReferences\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(1）\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0378775310007883\"\u003eM. Vijayakumar, et al., Nuclear magnetic resonance studies on vanadium(IV) electrolyte solutions for vanadium redox flow battery, J. Power Sources, 2010, 195, 7709-7717\u003c\/a\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e(2) \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/cp\/article\/28\/34\/20783\/1291213\/Measurement-and-modeling-of-thermodynamic-non\"\u003eJ. Heiß, et al., Measurement and modeling of thermodynamic non-idealities in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions of vanadyl sulfate for redox flow batteries, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. (2026) 28 (34): 20783–20792.\u003c\/a\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"MKL","offers":[{"title":"50 g","offer_id":48296573960422,"sku":"CVRFBESVOSO4W50","price":149.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"100 g","offer_id":48296573993190,"sku":"CVRFBESVOSO4W100","price":219.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true},{"title":"200 g","offer_id":48296574025958,"sku":"CVRFBESVOSO4W200","price":399.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0774\/6591\/1526\/files\/CVRFBESVOSO4_main.jpg?v=1788799529","url":"https:\/\/echemsupplies.com\/products\/cvrfbesvoso4","provider":"EChem Supplies","version":"1.0","type":"link"}