TFP (Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphate, >99.8%) as Battery Electrolyte Co-Solvent and Additive, 10-50 g/bottle, CBESATFP
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Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Phosphate (TFP)—frequently abbreviated as TTFP or TFPa—is a fluorinated organophosphorus compound widely deployed as a flame-retardant co-solvent/additive and high-voltage interphase modifier in non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium-ion, lithium-metal, and sodium-ion batteries. The core functional roles & electrochemical advantages are shown below:
Non-Flammability & Thermal Safety Enhancement: Unlike non-fluorinated alkyl phosphates (e.g., trimethyl phosphate/TMP or triethyl phosphate/TEP) which suffer from severe graphite anode incompatibility, TFP combines the radical-scavenging flame retardancy of the phosphate core (PO4^{3-}) with the electrochemical stability of trifluoroethyl groups. It scavenges active H* and OH* free radicals in the vapor phase, significantly reducing self-extinguishing time (SET) and eliminating electrolyte flash points when incorporated at 5 wt% to 20 vol%.
High Oxidation Stability for High-Voltage Cathodes: The three strongly electron-withdrawing -CF3 groups lower TFP’s Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO) energy level. TFP demonstrates high anodic oxidation tolerance (>4.8 V vs. Li/Li+), resisting solvent breakdown on nickel-rich NMC (e.g., NMC811), high-voltage LiCoO2 (LCO), and cobalt-free high-voltage spinels (LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4).
Inorganic Fluorine-Rich Interphase (SEI & CEI): Sacrificial decomposition of TFP under extreme potentials yields an inorganic-rich interphase dominated by lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium phosphate (LixPOyFz) species. This dense, highly ionically conductive layer passivates active cathode surface sites (suppressing transition-metal dissolution) and promotes uniform Li+ flux across alkali-metal anodes to inhibit dendrites.
Weak Solvation / LHCE Diluent Behavior: The electron-withdrawing fluorinated chains reduce the donor power of the phosphate oxygen (P=O). In Localized High-Concentration Electrolytes (LHCEs), TFP can act as a fluorinated diluent that lowers bulk viscosity without disrupting contact ion pairs (CIPs) or aggregate (AGG) structures formed between solvating solvents and lithium salts (LiFSI or LiPF6).
| Part Number |
CBESATFP (C-BESA-TFP) |
| CAS |
358-63-4 |
| Chemical Formula |
C6H6F9O4P  |
| Appearance |
Colorless Liquid |
| Purity |
>99.8% (battery grade) |
| Molecular Weight | 344.07 g/mol |
| Package Size | 10 g, 25 g, and 50 g/bottle |
Notes: Please try to store the TFP liquid in a dry place (glovebox is the best)
References:
- Y. Gu, et al. Tris(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) Phosphate as a Cosolvent for a Nonflammable Electrolyte in Lithium-Ion Batteries, ACS Appl. Energy Mater. (2021) 4 (5): 4919–4927.
- Y. Gu, et al. A Non-Flammable Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Batteries Containing Lithium Difluoro(oxalato)borate, Propylene Carbonate and Tris(2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl)Phosphate, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2020, 167 080524