Specific Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery {NCM (Ni>80%) + Graphite}, 200 g/bottle, CLIBSEHNCMG

Operating a high-energy-density lithium-ion cell utilizing an ultra-high nickel cathode (such as LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 / NCM811 or higher, where Ni>80%) paired with a Graphite anode presents severe interfacial degradation challenges. At high states of charge, highly reactive Ni^{4+} species and lattice oxygen release trigger aggressive oxidative electrolyte decomposition, thick resistive Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) formation, and transition-metal dissolution (Ni^{2+} migration to the anode, where it catalyzes continuous SEI breakdown).   

The recommended electrolyte recipe are shown below: (1) Salt Framework: 1.0 M LiPF6 + 0.4-0.6 M Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). LiPF6 is mandatory to prevent aluminum current collector corrosion at high potentials, while the elevated concentration of LiFSI suppresses free solvent activity, lowers desolvation energy, and facilitates the rapid construction of a dense, inorganic-rich (LiF) passivating film across both electrodes. (2) Solvent Architecture: (i) Core Solvents: Ethylene Carbonate (EC) + Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) + Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) restricted to a lean-EC framework (e.g., EC:EMC:DMC = 2:5:3 or 1:6:3 by weight). (ii) Fluorinated Co-Solvent/Diluent Option: Inclusion of a fluorinated ether (such as TTE or TFEE) or a fluorinated carbonate component to form a Localized High-Concentration Electrolyte (LHCE), drastically raising the oxidative stability threshold above 4.3 V–4.5 V and improving thermal safety. (3) Essential Functional Interphase Additives: (i) 2.0 wt% Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC): Essential for generating an elastic, LiF-rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on the graphite anode that accommodates volume changes and blocks migrated transition metals. (ii) 1.0 wt% to 1.5 wt% Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) or LiBOB: Forms a robust, boron- and oxalate-rich CEI layer directly on the active NCM811 surface, protecting the vulnerable crystal structure from direct solvent attack and lattice oxygen loss. (iii) 1.0 wt% Phenyl 4-fluorobenzene sulfonate (PFBS) or Tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi): Acts as a high-efficiency hydrofluoric acid (HF) scavenger and protective film-former that neutralizes trace acid before it can trigger acid-catalyzed disproportionation of Ni^{3+} into soluble Ni^{2+} ions.

Notes: Please store the specific LIB electrolyte in the glovebox due to its sensitivity to humidity.

References: 

1. Q. Zhao, et al. A fluorinated electrolyte stabilizing high-voltage graphite/NCM811 batteries with an inorganic-rich electrode-electrolyte interface, Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 440, 135939
2. T. Dong, et al. Electrolyte Engineering Toward High Performance High Nickel (Ni ≥ 80%) Lithium-Ion Batteries, Adv. Sci., 2024, 11, 2305753