Specific Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery {NCM (Ni≥80%) + Si/C}, 200 g/bottle, CLIBSEHNCMSiC

Operating a high-energy-density lithium-ion cell with an ultra-high nickel cathode (NCM ≥ 80%, such as NCM811 NCM9055) paired with a Silicon-Carbon (Si/C) composite anode represents the pinnacle of modern commercial energy density, but it also creates the most aggressive interfacial environment in battery electrochemistry. At the cathode interface, highly reactive Ni^{4+} species, lattice oxygen release, and high operational voltages (>4.3 V) drive severe oxidative decomposition and transition-metal dissolution. Simultaneously, at the anode interface, the silicon component undergoes extreme volumetric fluctuations (~ 200-300%), which shatters conventional solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) and triggers continuous, parasitic electrolyte consumption paired with severe gassing.

The recommended electrolyte recipe are shown below: (1) Salt Framework: 1.1 to 1.2 M LiPF6 + 0.4 to 0.6 Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). LiPF6 is strictly required to passivate the aluminum current collector against pitting corrosion at high potentials. The high concentration of LiFSI suppresses free solvent activity, lowers desolvation activation energy, and provides an abundant flux of fluoride ions to construct a dense, inorganic-rich (LiF) passivating network on both the expanding silicon surfaces and the high-voltage cathode. (2) Solvent Architecture: (i) Core Solvents: Ethylene Carbonate (EC) + Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) + Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) restricted to a lean-EC framework (e.g., EC:EMC:DMC = 2:5:3 or 1:6:3 by weight). (ii) Fluorinated Co-Solvent / Diluent Option: Incorporation of a high-performance fluorinated component (such as ETFEC, MHFPC, or a fluorinated ether like TTE or TFEE) to form a localized high-concentration or fluorinated-hybrid system. This raises the oxidative stability threshold well above 4.4 V and substantially improves thermal safety under abuse conditions. (3) Essential Functional Interphase Additives: (i) 4.0 wt% to 7.0 wt% Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC): Indispensable for silicon-containing anodes. High-content FEC ensures the formation of a highly elastic, self-healing, LiF-rich SEI capable of flexing with the severe breathing of the Si/C particles without cracking. (ii) 1.0 wt% to 1.5 wt% Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) or LiBOB: Forms a robust, protective boron- and oxalate-rich Cathode Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) directly on the vulnerable NCM811 surface, shielding the lattice from oxygen loss and stabilizing surface phase transitions. (iii) 1.0 wt% Tris(trimethylsilyl) phosphite (TMSPi) or Phenyl 4-fluorobenzene sulfonate (PFBS): Acts as a powerful hydrofluoric acid (HF) scavenger and protective film-former, neutralizing trace acid to prevent the acid-catalyzed disproportionation and dissolution of surface nickel ions.

Notes: Please store the specific LIB electrolyte in the glovebox due to its sensitivity to humidity.

References: 

1. J. Chen, et al. Enabling low-temperature charging of Si-C anodes in high-voltage li-ion batteries by electrolyte enhancement, Energy Storage Materials, 2025, 81, 104509
2. Y. Liu, et al. A multifunctional siloxane additive enabling fast charging of high-areal-loading Si-C||Ni-rich full batteries, Journal of Energy Storage, 2026, 169, 122765