Specific Electrolyte for Lithium-Ion Battery {NCM (Ni<80%) + Si/C}, 200 g/bottle, CLIBSEMNCMSiC

Operating a high-energy-density lithium-ion cell with a medium-to-high nickel NCM cathode (such as NCM523, NCM622, or NCM711, where Ni < 80%) paired with a Silicon-Carbon (Si/C) composite anode presents a demanding dual-interface challenge. The moderate-to-high voltage cathode requires robust oxidative protection against transition-metal dissolution and electrolyte breakdown, while the silicon-carbon anode demands an elastic, highly conductive Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) capable of accommodating large volumetric swings (~ 200-300%) without continuous electrolyte consumption.

The recommended electrolyte recipe are shown below: (1) Salt Framework: 1.0 M LiPF6 + 0.3 to 0.5 M Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). LiPF6 ensures essential passivation and corrosion protection for the aluminum current collector at operating potentials up to 4.3 V–4.4 V. The inclusion of LiFSI improves ionic conductivity, lowers desolvation energy, and accelerates the formation of an inorganic-rich (LiF) passivating film that stabilizes the expanding silicon particles.  (2) Solvent Architecture: (i) Core Solvents: Ethylene Carbonate (EC) + Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) + Diethyl Carbonate (DEC) / Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC). A balanced weight ratio like EC:EMC:DEC = 2:4:4 provides an optimal compromise between low bulk viscosity, high ionic transport, and sufficient cyclic carbonate for stable film formation. (ii) Fluorinated Co-Solvent / Diluent Option: Incorporation of a minor fraction (5–15 wt.%) of a fluorinated co-solvent (such as ETFEC, MHFPC, or a fluorinated ether like TFEE) to suppress free solvent activity and widen the oxidative stability window against the moderately high-nickel cathode surface. (3) Essential Functional Interphase Additives: (i) 3.0 wt% to 5.0 wt% Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC): Non-negotiable for silicon-composite anodes. FEC undergoes preferential reduction during initial formation to construct a dense, highly elastic, LiF-rich SEI that flexes with the silicon-carbon particles during cycling. (ii) 1.0 wt% Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) or LiBOB: Serves a dual role by reinforcing the anode SEI while forming a protective, boron- and oxalate-rich passivating layer (CEI) on the NCM cathode surface to mitigate transition-metal leaching (Ni^{2+}, Co^{2+}, Mn^{2+}). (iii) 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% Vinylene Carbonate (VC) or Succinonitrile (SN): Works synergistically with FEC to optimize interfacial charge-transfer resistance and minimize gas generation during early formation cycles.

Notes: Please store the specific LIB electrolyte in the glovebox due to its sensitivity to humidity.

References: 

1. S. Y. Jang, et al. Electrolyte Design for Simultaneous Interfacial Stabilization in Si||NCM811 Full Cells, Adv. Sci., 2026, 13, e76056
2. S. He, et al. Design of a Dual-Electrolyte Battery System Based on a High-Energy NCM811-Si/C Full Battery Electrode-Compatible Electrolyte, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces (2021) 13 (45): 54069–54078.