Hard Carbon Powder for Na-Ion Battery Anode, 100-500 g/bottle, CSIBAHC

Hard carbon is a non-graphitizable, amorphous material. Its structure is highly disordered and random, which creates larger interlayer spacing and internal micropores for ion-intercalation and migration.

The sodium storage is described as the following three-step "adsorption-intercalation-filling" mechanism:

(1) Adsorption (High Voltage): Sodium ions first attach (adsorb) to the surfaces and defect sites on the hard carbon particles.

(2) Intercalation (Sloping Voltage): The ions then slide in between the disordered graphitic layers, similar to how lithium enters graphite but in a more chaotic environment.

(3) Pore-Filling (Low Voltage): Finally, the ions cluster together and fill the material's internal nanopores. This step is responsible for a large portion of hard carbon's high capacity.

Therefore, Hard carbon delivers a high reversible capacity, often in the range of 300-400 mAh/g, which is even higher than graphite's theoretical capacity for lithium (372 mAh/g).

Part Number	CSIBAHC (C-SIB-A-HC)
Particle Size Distribution	D50 = 7.1 um
Tap Density	0.88 g/cm3
Specific Area	3.87 m2/g
First Discharging Capacity	~298 mAh/g Electrolyte: 1.0M NaClO4 in EC:DEC=1:1 vol% with 5%FEC
First Columbic Efficiency	~88%
Cycling Stability
Package Grade	100 g, 200 g, and 500 g/bottle

Notes: (1) Please store the hard carbon powder in a dry area (glovebox is preferred); (2) The battery powder is highly recommended to be dried at 80-100°C in a vacuum oven for 6-12 h before use. 

References: 

1. Z. Li, et al. Defective Hard Carbon Anode for Na-Ion Batteries, Chem. Mater., 2018, 30, 4536–4542.
2. K. Hong, et al. Biomass derived hard carbon used as a high performance anode material for sodium ion batteries, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 12733-12738.