TPPi (Triphenyl Phosphite, >99.0%) as Battery Electrolyte Additive, 25-100 g/bottle, CBEATPPi
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Triphenyl phosphite (commonly designated as TPPi or TPP) is a specialized organic phosphite ester engineered as a multifunctional electrolyte additive for advanced lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries. Featuring a trivalent phosphorus center (P(III)) bonded to three electron-withdrawing phenoxy groups, TPPi serves as an effective acid scavenger, flame retardant, and sacrificial film-forming agent designed to enhance thermal safety and high-voltage operational stability.
Its functional roles in electrolyte engineering are: (1) Acid and Moisture Scavenging: TPPi readily reacts with trace moisture and hydrofluoric acid (HF) generated by the thermal or moisture-induced hydrolysis of standard salts (such as LiPF6). By neutralizing these acidic species, it prevents the catalytic degradation of active lithium salts and stops acid-induced transition-metal dissolution from the cathode. (2) Sacrificial Cathode-Electrolyte Interphase (CEI) Formation: Due to the low oxidation potential of the trivalent phosphorus center, TPPi preferentially participates in sacrificial electrochemical oxidation during early-stage charging. This yields a uniform, passivating CEI film on high-voltage transition metal oxide cathodes, suppressing continuous electrolyte oxidation and gas evolution. (3) Anode Passivation Support (SEI Enhancement): Oxidation and reduction breakdown products of TPPi can also migrate or participate in forming a stable, hybrid inorganic-organic Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on graphite or silicon-based anodes. (4) Flame Retardancy & Radical Scavenging: The high phosphorus and aromatic carbon content allows TPPi to function as a radical scavenger during thermal abuse, quenching combustion chain reactions in the vapor phase and helping mitigate thermal runaway risks.
Its primary electrochemical application domains are: (1) High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Full Cells: Integrated into standard carbonate master electrolytes (e.g., LiPF6 in EC/EMC) to support cells cycled at upper cut-off voltages exceeding 4.3 V to 4.5 V (such as with high-nickel NMC811 chemistries). (2) High-Temperature Storage and Cycling: Deployed to suppress capacity fade, minimize impedance growth, and prevent cell swelling during aggressive high-temperature storage protocols.
| Part Number |
CBEATPPi (C-BEA-TPPi) |
| CAS |
101-02-0 |
| Chemical Formula |
C18H15O3P  |
| Appearance |
Colorless Liquid |
| Purity |
>99.0% |
| Molecular Weight | 310.29 g/mol |
| Package Size | 25 g, 50 g, and 100 g/bottle |
Notes: Please try to store the TPPi liquid in a dry place (glovebox is the best option).
References:
- Z. Zhou, et al. Triphenyl phosphite as an electrolyte additive to improve the cyclic stability of lithium-rich layered oxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries, Electrochimica Acta, 2016, 216, 44-50.
- X. Yang, et al. High-voltage lithium-ion capacitors enabled by a multifunctional phosphite electrolyte additive, Energy Storage Materials, 2022, 46, 431-442