Specific Electrolyte for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Battery {LiFePO4 + Graphite}, 200 g/bottle, CFCLIBSELFPG

Designing an electrolyte optimized for ultra-fast-charging (UFC) Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4 / LFP) // Graphite cells requires minimizing interfacial resistance, accelerating desolvation kinetics at the electrode surfaces, and preventing destructive lithium plating (dendrite formation) under high-rate current loads (e.g., 4C to 10C charging). Unlike standard cycling formulations, fast-charging electrolytes prioritize low bulk viscosity, high ionic conductivity, and specialized solvation sheath engineering to facilitate rapid Li+ transport through both the separator and the porous electrode tortuosity.

The recommended fast-charging electrolyte formulation (UFC LFP // Graphite) are shown below: (1) Salt Framework: 1.0 M LiPF6 + 0.5 M Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI). Integrating LiFSI alongside LiPF6 significantly enhances ionic conductivity and lowers the desolvation activation energy of Li+ ions. Furthermore, LiFSI promotes the rapid formation of a thin, highly conductive, inorganic-rich (LiF) Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) on the graphite anode, minimizing charge-transfer resistance (R_ct) during high-rate pulses. (2) Low-Viscosity Solvent Architecture: Low-viscosity linear carbonates paired with minimal cyclic fractions. A typical optimized ratio is Propylene Carbonate (PC) / Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) / Ethyl Methyl Carbonate (EMC) (e.g., a lean EC system or low-viscosity blend such as EC:EMC:DMC = 1:1:8 by weight). High proportions of low-viscosity linear carbonates (like DMC) drastically accelerate bulk transport rates and maintain high ionic conductivity (~ 12-15 mS/cm at room temperature), preventing concentration polarization at the electrode faces during high-current charging. (3) Essential Functional Interphase Additives: (i) 1.0 wt% to 2.0 wt% Fluoroethylene Carbonate (FEC): Vital for stabilizing the graphite anode against exfoliation and solvent co-intercalation, especially under high-rate potentials where polarization can approach the lithium plating threshold. (ii) 0.5 wt% to 1.0 wt% Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB): Works synergistically with LiFSI to form a robust, low-impedance passivating film that supports rapid charge-transfer kinetics without triggering excessive interfacial polarization. (iii) 0.5 wt% Succinonitrile (SN) or Adiponitrile (ADN): Nitrile-based additives coordinate weakly with Li+ and optimize the interfacial solvation structure, effectively homogenizing current distribution and suppressing localized lithium plating on graphite during fast charging.

Notes: Please store the specific LIB electrolyte in the glovebox due to its sensitivity to humidity.

References: 

1. Z. Wang, et al. Weakly-Solvated and Co-Intercalation-Free Ether-Based Electrolytes Enhance the Low- Temperature and Fast-Charging Performance of LiFePO4||Graphite Batteries, Angew Chem Int Ed, 2026, 65, e21171
2. C. Sun, et al. 50C Fast-Charge Li-Ion Batteries using a Graphite Anode, Adv. Mater., 2022, 34, 2206020