Dry Pouch Cells with LMR-NCM + Li for Lithium-Ion Battery, 1 Ah/pcs/pack, CLIBDPCLMRNCML

The Dry Anode-Free Pouch Cell using Na2FeP2O7 (NFPP) and a bare Copper (Cu) foil represents the pinnacle of energy density and structural simplicity for Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs). By eliminating the Hard Carbon anode entirely, you remove a significant portion of the cell's weight and volume, aiming for a "lithium-free" equivalent to the most advanced anode-free lithium-metal batteries. In this architecture, the NFPP acts as the sole source of sodium. During the first charge, sodium ions strip from the NFPP crystal lattice and plate directly onto the copper current collector as Sodium Metal.

NFPP offers unique advantages for the anode-free format: (1) Zero-Strain Cathode: NFPP is a "polyanionic" material with a very rigid 3D framework. It undergoes minimal volume change during sodiation/desodiation. This is critical because the Anode side (Sodium plating) undergoes massive volume expansion; having a stable cathode prevents the entire pouch from deforming or delaminating. (2) Thermal Safety: Since metallic sodium is highly reactive, the inherent thermal stability of the P-O bonds in NFPP provides a safety buffer that layered oxides cannot match. (3) Voltage Flatness: NFPP has a very flat voltage plateau, which helps maintain a stable potential for uniform sodium plating, reducing the risk of "dendrite" formation on the copper.

Testing Processes:

(1) Electrolyte Filling with recommended amount in glovebox.
(2) First Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 15h in an oven.
(3) Formation conditions: 45°C, 5 min rest; 0.02C constant current charging (10% theoretical capacity or 5 h); 0.1C constant current charging (30% theoretical capacity, 3 h); 5 min rest; total capacity is 40% or 8 h;
(4) Second Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 24h in a oven
(5) Battery Analyzer for charging and discharging.

References:

1. Y. Jin, et al., Low-solvation electrolytes for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Energy, 2022, 7, 718–725. 
2. B. Liu, et al., Super-wetting interface engineering of space-confined micron-sized alloying anodes for high-performance sodium-based dual-ion batteries, Matter, 2025, 8, 102294.