Specific Electrolyte for Sodium-Ion Battery (Prussian White + Hard Carbon), 200 g/bottle, CSIBSEPWHC

Unlike conventional Prussian Blue (PB, which typically starts in a sodiated-poor or oxidized state), Prussian White (PW, nominally Na{2-x}Mn[Fe(CN)6] with x < 0.2) is pre-sodiated and highly reduced (Fe^{2+}/Fe^{2+} or Mn^{2+}/Fe^{2+}). When paired with an un-sodiated Hard Carbon (HC) anode in a full cell, Prussian White supplies the entire active Na+ inventory, including the irreversible capacity loss (ICL) required to form the initial Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI). However, Prussian White presents unique degradation mechanisms that dictate electrolyte formulation: (1) Severe Air/Moisture Sensitivity & Hydrolysis: High sodium content and low transition-metal oxidation states make PW powders vulnerable to ambient moisture, trapping residual surface coordinate water. Standard NaPF6 reacts with this residual water to generate corrosive HF. (2) Mn^{2+}/Fe^{2+} Leaching & Anode Poisoning: Even low concentrations of HF or unpassivated surface states cause transition metal dissolution. These free cations shuttle across to the hard carbon anode, replace Na+ in the SEI, and catalytically decompose organic SEI components. (3) Severe Initial Cycle Gassing: Sacrificial water oxidation and rapid early SEI formation cause pronounced gas evolution (H2, CO2, and trace cyanogen-derived species) during the first charge.

Notes: Please store the specific SIB electrolyte in the glovebox due to its sensitivity to humidity.

References: 

1. A. Buckel, et al. Importance of First Cycle Conditions on the Electrochemical Performance of Hard Carbon and Prussian White Based Sodium-Ion Batteries Using Fire Resistant, Fluorine-Free Electrolyte, Batteries & Supercaps, 2024, 7, e202300533
2. S. L. Dreyer, et al. Elucidating Gas Evolution of Prussian White Cathodes for Sodium-ion Battery Application: The Effect of Electrolyte and Moisture, Batteries & Supercaps, 2024, 7, e202300595