Lithium Cobalt Oxide (LiCoO2, or LCO) remains the premier cathode material for high-energy-density applications, particularly in consumer electronics. To push energy densities further, researchers and manufacturers are continuously raising the upper cutoff voltage (up to 4.5 V–4.6 V vs. Li+/Li). However, at these high states of charge, LCO suffers from severe surface instability, cobalt dissolution, and catastrophic side reactions with conventional liquid or solid electrolytes. Applying a nanometer-thick conformal Lithium Niobate (LiNbO3, or LNO) coating is one of the most effective surface-engineering strategies to stabilize high-voltage LCO, especially for integration into all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs).

When pristine LCO is paired directly with a sulfide-based solid electrolyte (such as Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl or LGPS), a highly resistive space-charge layer forms at the interface upon initial charging. Sulfide electrolytes have a much higher chemical potential for Li+ than oxide cathodes. When a charging voltage is applied, Li+ ions rapidly migrate out of the sulfide electrolyte side toward the LCO, leaving behind a lithium-depleted, highly insulating layer on the electrolyte surface. This causes massive interfacial resistance and rapid cell failure. LiNbO3 is an amorphous or poorly crystalline polyanionic oxide with an exceptionally high ionic conductivity (10^{-6} S cm}^{-1} at room temperature) and practically zero electronic conductivity. Acting as a buffer layer, LNO balances the chemical potential mismatch, smooths out the local electric field, and suppresses the growth of the space-charge layer.

Part Number	CLIBCHVLCOLNO (C-LIB-C-HVLCOLNO)
Particle Size Distribution	D10 = 3.45 um;   D50 = 6.31 um;   D90 = 11.14 um
Tap Density	2.95 g/cm3
Specific Area	0.35 m2/g
First Discharging Capacity	191 mAh/g (0.1C, 3.0-4.5 V vs. Li,) 182 mAh/g (1C, 3.0-4.5 V vs. Li,)
First Columbic Efficiency	96.0%

Notes: (1) Please store the LCO powder with LiNbO3 coating in a dry area (glovebox is preferred); (2) The battery powder is highly recommended to be dried at 80-100°C in a vacuum oven for 6-12 h before use. 

References: 

1. J. Lu, et al. Study on the formation, development and coating mechanism of new phases on interface in LiNbO3-coated LiCoO2, Electrochimica Acta, 2021, 368, 137639
2. Z. Zhou, et al. LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 Coating Effects on the Interface of the LiCoO2 Cathode: A DFT Study of Li-Ion Transport, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2024, 16, 32, 42093–42099