Dry Pouch Cells with NFS + Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Battery, 1 Ah/pcs/pack, CSIBDPCNFSHC

Integrating alluaudite sodium iron sulfate {Na(2+2x)(Fe(2-x)(SO4)3, NFS) as the high-voltage polyanionic cathode and Kuraray Hard Carbon (e.g., Kuraray Type 1 / Type 2) as the anode within a dry pouch cell architecture represents a cutting-edge approach for next-generation sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). This configuration combines the cost-effectiveness and high operating voltage of alluaudite sulfates with the exceptional reversible capacity and low working plateau of hard carbon.

Testing Processes:

(1) Electrolyte Filling with recommended amount in glovebox.
(2) First Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 15h in an oven.
(3) Formation conditions: 45°C, 5 min rest; 0.02C constant current charging (10% theoretical capacity or 5 h); 0.1C constant current charging (30% theoretical capacity, 3 h); 5 min rest; total capacity is 40% or 8 h;
(4) Second Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 24h in a oven
(5) Battery Analyzer for charging and discharging.

References:

1. Y. Jin, et al., Low-solvation electrolytes for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Energy, 2022, 7, 718–725. 
2. B. Liu, et al., Super-wetting interface engineering of space-confined micron-sized alloying anodes for high-performance sodium-based dual-ion batteries, Matter, 2025, 8, 102294.