Dry Pouch Cells with Prussian Blue + Hard Carbon for Sodium-Ion Battery, 1.2 Ah/pcs/pack, CSIBDPCPBHC

A Dry Pouch Cell with Prussian Blue (Cathode) and Hard Carbon (Anode) represents a classic, sustainable configuration for Sodium-Ion Batteries (SIBs). Unlike Lithium-ion, these cells utilize aluminum foil for both the cathode and anode current collectors, as sodium does not alloy with aluminum at low potentials.

The key difference for the Prussian Blue and Hard Carbon sodium ion battery with the lithium ion battery are: (1) Volumetric Changes: Prussian Blue and Hard Carbon both undergo significant volume changes during Na+ insertion/extraction. The Pouch Cell Cup Forming Machine should be set to allow for a "slack" or slightly larger pocket to prevent the aluminum laminate from bursting during the first "Formation" charge. (2) Electrolyte Compatibility: Sodium electrolytes have different surface tensions than Lithium equivalents. A dry pouch cell allows for a long "Soak" time (often 12–24 hours) in a vacuum environment to ensure the electrolyte fully penetrates the deep pores of the Hard Carbon.

Testing Processes:

(1) Electrolyte Filling with recommended amount in glovebox.
(2) First Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 15h in an oven.
(3) Formation conditions: 45°C, 5 min rest; 0.02C constant current charging (10% theoretical capacity or 5 h); 0.1C constant current charging (30% theoretical capacity, 3 h); 5 min rest; total capacity is 40% or 8 h;
(4) Second Time Aging: 45°C, aging time ≥ 24h in a oven
(5) Battery Analyzer for charging and discharging.

References:

1. Y. Jin, et al., Low-solvation electrolytes for high-voltage sodium-ion batteries, Nat. Energy, 2022, 7, 718–725. 
2. B. Liu, et al., Super-wetting interface engineering of space-confined micron-sized alloying anodes for high-performance sodium-based dual-ion batteries, Matter, 2025, 8, 102294.