Using a fixed-bed reactor with a nickel-based alloy tube (such as Inconel 600, 625, 718, or Hastelloy C-276) is standard practice for high-temperature, high-pressure catalytic upgrading of polymer waste and biomass feedstocks. Standard 316 stainless steel degrades rapidly under harsh thermo-chemical conditions—such as supercritical water gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) upgrading, or halide-containing polymer depolymerization—due to pitting, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and hydrogen embrittlement.
Corrosion Mechanisms in Polymer Processing: (1) Halide Attack (HCl, HF): Dechlorination of PVC or halogenated plastic waste generates gaseous HCl. Molybdenum-rich alloys like Hastelloy C-276 form protective oxide/molybdate films that mitigate severe pitting. (2) Carburization & Metal Dusting: High carbon activity from cracked polyolefins (PE, PP, PS) at 500-800 °C can diffuse carbon into the tube wall, forming brittle internal chromium carbides. High-nickel matrices inhibit carbon diffusion. (3) Organic Acids & Phenols: Biomass fast-pyrolysis vapors contain high concentrations of acetic acid, formic acid, and phenolic compounds. High chromium content (like in Inconel 625) provides long-term passivation against organic acid corrosion.
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| Power |
- AC220V±10%, single phase, 50/60Hz, 3000 W
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| Workflow Design & General Description |
- Stock Feeding System: 2 gas lines and 1 liquid line (gasification)
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Gas line: two-lines gases go through the second-state relief valve, filter, and enter into the vaporization mixer under MFC control. The safety and solenoid valves can cut off the inlet gases when dangerous conditions (eg: overtemperature, overpressure, and flammable gas)
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Liquid Line: Water is fed into the vaporization mixer for gasification and mixing with gases.
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Reaction System: After polymer pyrolysis, the solid and high viscosity tar were left in quartz crucible and the pyrolysis products were brought into the catalytic reactor by carrier gas and converted to desirable products.
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Post-Treatment System: The catalytic products were condensed and separated in gas/liquid separation unit. The liquid products can be sampled for inline analysis, while the gases are dried and sent to GC-MS for analysis.
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| Feeding System |
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Gas MFC: 100 mL/min, accuracy: ±1.0% F.S., design pressure of 3 MPa, operation pressure gap: 0.3~0.5 MPa, N2, CO2 gases
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Syringe Pump: SS316L, 0.001-5 mL/min, operation pressure≤30MPa, accuracy: ±0.5%
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Stock Stank: Glass, ambient pressure, RT, 250 mL
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Vaporization Mixer: SS316 L, 300 ℃, 1 MPa
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Pre-Heating Chamber: Electric-heating and convection flow, 260℃
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| Reaction System |
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Pyrolysis Reactor: Ni-based alloy GH2747, I.D 30 mm, L=400 mm, design temperature: 1000℃, design pressure: 0.5 MPa
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Heating Furnace (F02): Programmable PID temperature control, three heating zones: 80mm*3, design temperature: 1000℃. K-type thermocouple (GH3030)
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Catalytic Reactor: Ni-based alloy GH2747, I.D 30 mm, L= 300 mm, design temperature: 1000 ℃, design pressure: 0,5 MPa
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Heating Furnace (F03): Programmable PID temperature control, heating zone length: 160 mm, design temperature: 1000℃
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Condenser: SS316L, straight tube with cooling jacket, design pressure: 1 MPa, design tubing temperature: -5 ~ 400 ℃
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| Post-Treatment System |
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Gas-Liquid Separation Unit: SS316 L, 1 MPa, 100 ℃, 100 mL
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Dryer: Acrylic, color-change silica gel, D=40 mm, L=280 mm, 0.5 MPa, 80 ℃
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Flammable Gas Detector: two-stage trigger:10% LEL and 50% LEL
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| Touch Screen Control |
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Mass Flow Display: gas/liquid flow in real-time and historic flow data.
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Temperature Display: pre-heating chamber, reactor tube, heating furnace, and temperature maintenance chamber, reactor pressure.
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Data Output: historic data can be extracted to laptop with USB port.
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Temperature/Pressure/Flammable Gas Alarm: Two-stage alarm: the light alarm appears when the real temperature/pressure/flammable gas level is over the first setting value, and the heating/gas will be cut off once the real temperature/pressure/flammable gas level is over the second setting value.
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| Certification & Service |
- CE certified
- UL and CSA certification is available upon request at extra cost
- One-year warranty and life-time technical support
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| Dimension |
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| Weight |
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References:
G. Rajput, et al., Valorizing polymeric wastes and biomass through optimized co-pyrolysis for upgraded pyrolysis oil: A study on TG-FTIR and fixed bed reactor, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2024, 182, 106686
M. Asadieraghi, et al., In-situ catalytic upgrading of biomass pyrolysis vapor: Using a cascade system of various catalysts in a multi-zone fixed bed reactor, Energy Conversion and Management, 2015, 101, 151-163
