ECS-GB High Speed (Max. 550 mm/s) Battery Nail Penetration Tester (W850*D750*H1200mm), EGBHSBNPT

A Battery Crush & Nail Penetration Tester is a high-security mechanical abuse platform used to evaluate the structural integrity and thermal stability of battery cells, modules, and packs. It simulates two of the most dangerous scenarios a battery can face: a vehicle collision (Crush) and an internal short circuit caused by a sharp object or dendrite growth (Nail Penetration).

The crush test evaluates the battery's ability to withstand external physical deformation without entering a hazardous state. Crush Geometry: Round/Hemi-spherical indenter that creates localized stress concentrations. Flat Plate that simulates a broader crushing force across the entire face of the battery. The test usually stops when one of three conditions is met: (a) A specific force is reached (e.g., 13 kN). (b) A sudden drop (e.g., >100 mV) indicates an internal short has occurred. (c) he battery is compressed to a certain percentage (e.g., 50%) of its original thickness.

The nail penetration test is designed to trigger a catastrophic internal short circuit by piercing the separator, allowing the positive and negative electrodes to come into direct contact. A high-strength, heat-resistant steel nail (typically Φ3 mm to Φ 8mm) is driven through the cell at a controlled speed (ranging from 0.1 mm/s} for slow-onset shorts to 80 mm/s for high-speed impact). Researchers monitor the cell for smoke, fire, or explosion. This test is crucial for verifying if "non-flammable" electrolytes or flame-retardant additives in new sodium-ion chemistries can prevent a "blowtorch" effect during a breach.

References:

B. Mao, et al., Failure mechanism of the lithium ion battery during nail penetration, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2018, 122, 1103-1115

T. Ma, et al., Mechanics-morphologic coupling studies of commercialized lithium-ion batteries under nail penetration test, Journal of Power Sources, 2019, 437, 226928.